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1.
Can Vet J ; 64(2): 159-166, 2023 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36733657

RESUMO

Background: In both human and veterinary medicine, it is recommended that an anesthetic machine checkout procedure (preuse check) be performed daily, with some items tested before each case, to confirm safe function and the check results recorded. Objective: The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate anesthetic machines in private veterinary clinics in Alberta (Canada) using a standardized checkout procedure. Animals and procedures: One-hundred consecutive anesthetic machines were assessed. For each item of the checkout procedure, a "pass," "fail," or "not applicable" score was awarded. "Not applicable" indicated an item that could not be evaluated. Results: Few machines (10%) evaluated had a secondary oxygen supply, no machines had an oxygen supply pressure alarm, and leaks were identified in 31 and 17% of rebreathing and non-rebreathing systems, respectively. Thirty-nine percent of machines did not have a high-pressure circuit alarm, 86% of machines were attached to an active scavenging system, although it was improperly connected in 56% of cases, and only 2% of machines were accompanied by a checkout log. Conclusion and clinical relevance: There was widespread variation in anesthetic machine standards and function, highlighting the value of performing a regular machine checkout procedure in creating a foundation for safe anesthetic practice.


Une enquête prospective sur l'équipement d'anesthésie vétérinaire en Alberta, au Canada, à l'aide d'une procédure de vérification normalisée. Historique: En médecine humaine et vétérinaire, il est recommandé qu'une procédure de vérification de la machine d'anesthésie (vérification avant utilisation) soit effectuée quotidiennement, avec certains éléments testés avant chaque cas, pour confirmer le fonctionnement sécuritaire et les résultats de la vérification enregistrés. Objectif: L'objectif de cette étude prospective était d'évaluer les machines d'anesthésie dans les cliniques vétérinaires privées de l'Alberta (Canada) en utilisant une procédure de contrôle standardisée. Animaux et procédures: Cent machines d'anesthésie consécutives ont été évaluées. Pour chaque élément de la procédure de vérification, une note « réussite ¼, « échec ¼ ou « non applicable ¼ a été attribuée. « Sans objet ¼ indique un élément qui n'a pas pu être évalué. Résultats: Peu de machines (10 %) évaluées avaient une alimentation secondaire en oxygène, aucune machine n'avait d'alarme de pression d'alimentation en oxygène, et des fuites ont été identifiées dans 31 et 17 % des systèmes de ré-inhalation et sans ré-inhalation, respectivement. Trente-neuf pourcents des machines n'avaient pas d'alarme de circuit haute pression, 86 % des machines étaient rattachées à un système de balayage actif, bien qu'il soit mal raccordé dans 56 % des cas, et seulement 2 % des machines étaient accompagnées d'un journal de sortie. Conclusion et pertinence clinique: Il y avait une grande variation dans les normes et le fonctionnement des machines d'anesthésie, soulignant l'importance d'effectuer une procédure de vérification régulière de la machine pour créer une base pour une pratique anesthésique sûre.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).


Assuntos
Anestesia , Animais , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Alberta , Anestesia/veterinária , Inquéritos e Questionários , Oxigênio
2.
Pharmacol Res ; 111: 217-225, 2016 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27317946

RESUMO

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infection with a high mortality but has no specific treatment despite decades of research. North American (NA) ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) is a popular natural health product with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of NA ginseng on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and cardiac function in endotoxemia, a model of sepsis. Mice were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce endotoxemia. Myocardial expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a major pro-inflammatory cytokine that causes cardiac dysfunction, was upregulated in mice with endotoxemia, which was accompanied by increases in NOX2 expression, superoxide generation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Notably, pretreatment with NA ginseng aqueous extract (50mg/kg/day, oral gavage) for 5days significantly inhibited NOX2 expression, superoxide generation, ERK1/2 phosphorylation and TNF-α expression in the heart during endotoxemia. Importantly, cardiac function and survival in endotoxemic mice were significantly improved. Additionally, pretreatment with ginseng extract inhibited superoxide generation, ERK1/2 phosphorylation and TNF-α expression induced by LPS in cultured cardiomyocytes. We conclude that NA ginseng inhibits myocardial NOX2-ERK1/2-TNF-α signaling pathway and improves cardiac function in endotoxemia, suggesting that NA ginseng may have the potential in the prevention of clinical sepsis.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Endotoxemia/tratamento farmacológico , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase 3 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos/efeitos dos fármacos , NADPH Oxidase 2/metabolismo , Panax/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Endotoxemia/induzido quimicamente , Endotoxemia/enzimologia , Endotoxemia/fisiopatologia , Lipopolissacarídeos , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Miócitos Cardíacos/enzimologia , Miócitos Cardíacos/patologia , Fosforilação , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais , Superóxidos/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Função Ventricular Esquerda/efeitos dos fármacos
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