An experience in the clinical use of specific immunoglobulin from horse blood serum for prophylaxis of Ebola haemorrhagic fever.

The aim of this work was to estimate the efficacy and safety of single intramuscular introduction of specific heterologous immunoglobulin as prophylactic drug against Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Materials and methods. The specific heterologous immunoglobulin was introduced as a special prophylactic drug to 28 patients in epidemic situations, after skin hurt with infectious materials or contact with infectious blood. Clinico-laboratory observation was performed in 24 subjects after single intramuscular introduction of heterologous immunoglobulin Ebola. The samples of blood serum were investigated for immunoglobulin Ebola and antibodies to horse gamma-globulin on the 30th and 60th days after prophylaxis. Results. None of the subjects of the study contracted Ebola fever. There were no anaphylactic reactions after special prophylaxis with specific heterologous immunoglobulin. Among the subjects with normal allergic state 31% responded with local reactions; 13%, with a general reaction (mild case of the serum disease). Almost no reaction was observed in patients with unfavorable allergic state subjected to desensitizing therapy; in the absence of desensitizing therapy, 50% of patients with unfavorable allergic state exhibited local reactions; 17%, mild cases of the serum disease; 33%, moderate cases of the serum disease. In summary, if the tactics of immunoglobulin application was right, the quantity of local allergic reactions was 28%; of wide spread reactions, 6%. Weak serum disease was observed in 11% of the subjects. The prognostic period of resistance to Ebola fever was less than 30 days. Conclusion. The prophylactic use of specific immunoglobulin from horse blood serum against hemorrhagic Ebola fever is effective and relatively safe in patients subjected to desensitizing therapy.

[Bolivian hemorrhagic fever].

Analysis of data of the available literature on epidemiology of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, manifestations of human disease, biological properties of the causative agent and development carried out abroad of means and methods of diagnostics, prophylaxis and therapy of this infection that presents a potential threat for the population and economy of the Russian Federation in case of introduction of the causative agent is presented.

[Rift valley fever].

In the last quarter of century virus of Rift valley fever (RVF) sharply extended its distribution by moving from Africa to Asia and evolving from low- to high pathogenic for humans causing severe hemorrhagic disease, practically equaling in this respect with some members ofa group of extremely dangerous pathogens. Morbidity and epidemics of RVF are analyzed. Evolution of epidemic development of the infection is examined. Necessity of development of means and methods for diagnostics, prophylaxis and therapy of RVF is underlined.

[Argentine hemorrhagic fever].

Features of the Argentine hemorrhagic fever are described in the review. Epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation and pathogenesis of the disease are examined. Special consideration is given to the features of the pathological agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever--the Junin virus. Features of the disease diagnostics are indicated--virological and serological studies, immunochemical and molecular-biological methods of identification of the pathological agent and antibodies against it. Approaches to etiotropic therapy of this disease and vaccination are examined. Based on the foreign experience perspective guidance for the creation of the system of protection of the population of the Russian Federation against Argentine hemorrhagic fever are presented.

[Hantapulmonary syndrome].

Features of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome are considered in the review - zoonosis natural focal polyetiological viral infection, that is characterized by lung injury. Etiology of the disease, main characteristics of the agents, epidemiology, contagiousness, pathogenesis, clinical presentation of this pathology are examined. Laboratory diagnostics, therapy and prophylaxis ofhantavirus pulmonary syndrome are described.

[Stabilization of peroxidase conjugates used in enzyme immunoassay systems to detect Ebola and Marburg virus antigens].

The time course of changes in the activity of solutions of horseradish peroxidase conjugates with immunoglobulins against Ebola and Marburg fevers was studied in the presence of different components. The series of the conjugates of ELISA kits for the detection of Ebola and Marburg virus antigens, which were prepared on the basis of the designed stabilizing solution, preserved at less than 90% of its baseline activity during 10 months at a storage temperature of 2 to 8 degrees C.

[Chemotherapy for Bolivian hemorrhagic fever in experimentally infected guinea pigs].

The efficacy of the antiviral agents nucleoside analogues manufactured in Russia and foreign countries against Bolivian hemorrhagic fever in the treatment and rapid prevention regimens was studied in guinea pigs. In rapid prevention and treatment of guinea pigs, the intraperitoneal injection of 1/10 of the equivalent dose of vero-ribavirin for this animal species was ascertained to protect 70% of the animals infected with Machupo virus strain Carvallo in doses 8 and 10 LD50.

[Evaluation of the probability of the infection of medical personnel with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in cases of introduction of the infective agent to a non-endemic territory of Russia].

The data on the secondary cases of infection with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CHF) virus during the period of 1960 - 2002 have been analyzed and the probability of the infection of medical personnel with this virus has been evaluated. The data obtained in this study may be used in the development of the mathematical model of CHF epidemics (outbreaks), taking into account not only the transmission of the infective agent, but also hospital infection, as well as for calculating the number medical personnel, necessary for the liquidation of CHF epidemics (outbreaks).

[Clinical studies of vaccine TEOVac under the conditions of remote revaccination].

In the clinical trials of vaccine TEOVac in lower and reglamented doses under the conditions of remote vaccination, carried out on 11 volunteers, local reactions in the form of hyperemia, gingival edema (1 vaccinee), faucial hyperemia, enlargement of submaxillary lymph nodes (2 vaccinees) were registered in some of the vaccines; in one vaccinee systemic postvaccinal reaction of medium gravity was observed. Revaccination produced no negative effect on the hematological and biochemical characteristics of the blood, as well as on the urine characteristics. The study of the sensitizing vaccine to the antigens of the accumulation substrate (chick embryo), as well as its influence on the development of autoimmune reactions, revealed the absence of the allergic action of the preparation and its influence on autoimmune processes in the vaccines. The trial of the smallpox vaccine in tablets under the conditions of the primary immunization of adults was the topical and most promising trend in the improvement of smallpox vaccination, as the preparation TEOVac proved to be safe, in contrast to the traditional smallpox vaccine introduced by the scarification method, for both vaccines and nonimmunized persons having contacts with them.