Association between attention performance and the different dimensions of DSM-5 depression symptoms.

Objective: Depressive symptoms can be assessed with self-reported questionnaires, such as the Patient Health Questionary-9 (PHQ-9). Previous studies have suggested that the PHQ-9 items can be grouped into somatic and non-somatic clusters. However, the classification of the PHQ-9 item "concentration difficulties" into somatic or non-somatic is still controversial. This controversy may be explained by difficulties experienced by subjects in accurately evaluating their attention problems. The primary objective of this study was to determine the correlation between objective attentional performance and the two clusters of depressive symptoms in hospital employees working in stressful conditions. Methods: The participants filled out the PHQ-9 to identify their depressive symptoms. Based on the PHQ-9, the somatic or non-somatic symptoms were measured without considering the question about subjective concentration difficulties. Then, a brief version of the Continuous Visual Attention Test (CVAT) was applied to assess four attentional subdomains. The CVAT is a Go/No-go task that measures number of correct responses (focused attention), number of incorrect responses (behavior-inhibition), average reaction time of correct responses (RT-alertness), and variability of reaction time (VRT-sustained attention). The entire task lasted 90 s. Correlation analyses assessed the relationships between attentional performance and the two dimensions of depressive symptoms. Results: After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 359 individuals were selected. Their age ranged from 20 to 70 years (mean = 40.5, SD = 10.37), and the majority was female (67.6%). A predominance in somatic depressive symptoms was present in 231 (64%) participants, whereas 59 (16%) showed a predominance of non-somatic symptoms. Sixty-nine participants (20%) did not show any predominance. Higher somatic scores were associated with higher RTs, whereas higher non-somatic scores were related to an increase in the number of incorrect responses. Conclusion: The predominance of the somatic cluster was related to lower alertness, whereas the predominance of non-somatic cluster was associated with impulsivity/hyperactivity. This result may explain the difficulties associated with correctly classifying the item concentration difficulties. A brief attentional task can be used as an auxiliary tool to correctly identify the different dimensions of attention that are associated with different clusters of depressive symptoms.

Spirituality as a protective factor for chronic and acute anxiety in Brazilian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety symptoms (AS) are exacerbated in healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Spirituality is known to protect against AS in the general population and it is a construct that differs from religion. It can be assessed using structured questionnaires. A validated questionnaire disclosed three spirituality dimensions: peace, meaning, and faith. In HCWs we investigated the predictors of chronic anxiety (pre-COVID-19 and during the pandemic) and acute anxiety (only during the pandemic), including spirituality in the model. Then, we verified which spirituality dimensions predicted chronic and acute anxiety. Lastly, we studied group differences between the mean scores of these spirituality dimensions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out in a Brazilian Hospital. HCWs (n = 118) were assessed for spirituality at a single time-point. They were also asked about AS that had started pre-COVID-19 and persisted during the pandemic (chronic anxiety), and AS that had started only during the pandemic (acute anxiety). The subjects without chronic anxiety were subdivided into two other groups: acute anxiety and without chronic and acute anxiety. Forward stepwise logistic regressions were used to find the significant AS predictors. First, the model considered sex, age, religious affiliation, and spirituality. Then, the analysis were performed considering only the three spirituality dimensions. Group means differences in the spirituality dimensions were compared using univariate ANCOVAS followed by T-tests. RESULTS: Spirituality was the most realible predictor of chronic (OR = 0.818; 95%CI:0.752-0.890; p<0.001) and acute anxiety (OR = 0.727; 95%CI:0.601-0.881; p = 0.001). Peace alone predicted chronic anxiety (OR = 0.619; 95%CI:0.516-0.744; p<0.001) while for acute anxiety both peace (OR:0.517; 95%CI:0.340-0.787; p = 0.002), and faith (OR:0.674; 95%CI:0.509-0.892; p = 0.006) significantly contributed to the model. Faith was significantly higher in subjects without AS. CONCLUSION: Higher spirituality protected against chronic and acute anxiety. Faith and peace spirituality dimensions conferred protection against acute anxiety during the pandemic.

Assessment of Attentional Functioning in Health Professionals of a Brazilian Tertiary Referral Hospital for COVID-19.

This study is aimed at assessing differences in basic attentional functioning between substantial and minimal work-related exposure to COVID-19 patients in professionals working in a tertiary referral hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Therefore, hospital employees performed a Continuous Visual Attention Test. This test consisted of a 90-second Go/No-Go task with 72 (80%) targets and 18 (20%) nontargets. For each participant, reaction time and intraindividual variability of reaction times of all correct target responses, as well as the number of omission and commission errors, were evaluated. Participants were divided into 2 groups based on their exposure to COVID-19 patients (substantial versus minimal exposure). The substantial exposure group consisted of participants with 24 hours/week or more direct contact with COVID-19 patients. This cut-off was based on the clear division between professionals working and not working with COVID-19 patients and considered that 12-hour and 24-hour daily shifts are common for hospital employees in Brazil. A MANCOVA was performed to examine between-group differences, using age, sleep quality, sex, education level, previous COVID-19 infection, and profession as covariates. Of 124 participants, 80 had substantial exposure and 44 had minimal exposure to COVID-19. The overall MANCOVA reached statistical significance (P = 0.048). Post hoc ANCOVA analysis showed that the substantial exposure group had a statistically significantly higher intraindividual variability of reaction time of all correct target responses (P = 0.017, Cohen's δ = -0.55). This result remained after removing those with a previous COVID-19 infection (P = 0.010, Cohen's δ = -0.64) and after matching groups for sample size (P = 0.004, Cohen's δ = -0.81). No other variables reached statistical significance. Concluding, hospital professionals with a substantial level of exposure to patients with COVID-19 show a significant attention decrement and, thus, may be at a higher risk of accidental SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Takotsubo Multicenter Registry (REMUTA) - Clinical Aspects, In-Hospital Outcomes, and Long-Term Mortality. / Registro Multicêntrico de Takotsubo (REMUTA) ­ Aspectos Clínicos, Desfechos Intra-Hospitalares e Mortalidade a Longo Prazo.

BACKGROUND: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acquired form of cardiomyopathy. National Brazilian data on this condition are scarce. The Takotsubo Multicenter Registry (REMUTA) is the first to include multicenter data on this condition in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics, prognosis, in-hospital treatment, in-hospital mortality, and mortality during 1 year of follow-up. METHODS: This is an observational, retrospective registry study including patients admitted to the hospital with diagnosis of TTS and patients admitted for other reasons who developed this condition. Evaluated outcomes included triggering factor, analysis of exams, use of medications, complications, in-hospital mortality, and mortality during 1 year of follow-up. A significance level of 5% was adopted. RESULTS: The registry included 169 patients from 12 centers in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mean age was 70.9 ± 14.1 years, and 90.5% of patients were female; 63% of cases were primary TTS, and 37% were secondary. Troponin I was positive in 92.5% of patients, and median BNP was 395 (176.5; 1725). ST-segment elevation was present in 28% of patients. Median left ventricular ejection fraction was 40 (35; 48)%. We observed invasive mechanical ventilation in 25.7% of cases and shock in 17.4%. Mechanical circulatory support was used in 7.7%. In-hospital mortality was 10.6%, and mortality at 1 year of follow-up was 16.5%. Secondary TTS and cardiogenic shock were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSION: The results of the REMUTA show that TTS is not a benign pathology, as was once thought, especially regarding the secondary TTS group, which has a high rate of complications and mortality. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):207-216).

FUNDAMENTO: A síndrome de takotsubo (takotsubo) é uma forma de cardiomiopatia adquirida. Dados nacionais sobre essa condição são escassos. O Registro REMUTA é o primeiro a incluir dados multicêntricos dessa condição no nosso país. OBJETIVO: Descrever as características clínicas, prognóstico, tratamento intra-hospitalar e mortalidade hospitalar e em 1 ano de seguimento. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, tipo registro. Incluídos pacientes internados com diagnóstico de takotsubo ou que desenvolveram esta condição durante internação por outra causa. Os desfechos avaliados incluíram fator desencadeador, análise dos exames, uso de medicações, complicações e óbito intra-hospitalar e em 1 ano de seguimento. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 169 pacientes, em 12 centros no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A idade média foi de 70,9 ± 14,1 anos e 90,5% eram do sexo feminino; 63% dos casos foram de takotsubo primário e 37% secundário. Troponina I foi positiva em 92,5% dos pacientes e a mediana de BNP foi de 395 (176,5; 1725). Supradesnivelamento do segmento ST esteve presente em 28% dos pacientes. A fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo teve mediana de 40 (35; 48)%. Observamos taxa de 25,7% de ventilação mecânica invasiva e 17,4% de choque. Suporte circulatório mecânico foi utilizado em 7,7%. A mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi de 10,6% e a mortalidade ao final de 1 ano foi de 16,5%. Takotsubo secundário e choque cardiogênico foram preditores independentes de mortalidade. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados do REMUTA mostram que takotsubo não se trata de patologia benigna como se pensava, especialmente no grupo de takotsubo secundário que acarreta elevada taxa de complicações e de mortalidade. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):207-216).

Acute Cardiorenal Syndrome: Which Diagnostic Criterion to Use And What is its Importance for Prognosis? / Síndrome Cardiorrenal Aguda: Qual Critério Diagnóstico Utilizar e sua Importância para o Prognóstico?

The absence of a consensus about the diagnostic criteria for acute cardiorenal syndrome (ACRS) affects its prognosis. This study aimed at assessing the diagnostic criteria for ACRS and their impact on prognosis. A systematic review was conducted using PRISMA methodology and PICO criteria in the MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS databases. The search included original publications, such as clinical trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and meta-analyses, issued from January 1998 to June 2018. Neither literature nor heart failure guidelines provided a clear definition of the diagnostic criteria for ACRS. The serum creatinine increase by at least 0.3 mg/dL from baseline creatinine is the most used diagnostic criterion. However, the definition of baseline creatinine, as well as which serum creatinine should be used as reference for critical patients, is still controversial. This systematic review suggests that ACRS criteria should be revised to include the diagnosis of ACRS on hospital admission. Reference serum creatinine should reflect baseline renal function before the beginning of acute kidney injury.

Registro Multicêntrico de Takotsubo (REMUTA) - Aspectos Clínicos, Desfechos Intra-Hospitalares e Mortalidade a Longo Prazo / Takotsubo Multicenter Registry (REMUTA) - Clinical Aspects, In-Hospital Outcomes, and Long-Term Mortality

Resumo Fundamento A síndrome de takotsubo (takotsubo) é uma forma de cardiomiopatia adquirida. Dados nacionais sobre essa condição são escassos. O Registro REMUTA é o primeiro a incluir dados multicêntricos dessa condição no nosso país. Objetivo Descrever as características clínicas, prognóstico, tratamento intra-hospitalar e mortalidade hospitalar e em 1 ano de seguimento. Métodos Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, tipo registro. Incluídos pacientes internados com diagnóstico de takotsubo ou que desenvolveram esta condição durante internação por outra causa. Os desfechos avaliados incluíram fator desencadeador, análise dos exames, uso de medicações, complicações e óbito intra-hospitalar e em 1 ano de seguimento. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados Foram incluídos 169 pacientes, em 12 centros no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A idade média foi de 70,9 ± 14,1 anos e 90,5% eram do sexo feminino; 63% dos casos foram de takotsubo primário e 37% secundário. Troponina I foi positiva em 92,5% dos pacientes e a mediana de BNP foi de 395 (176,5; 1725). Supradesnivelamento do segmento ST esteve presente em 28% dos pacientes. A fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo teve mediana de 40 (35; 48)%. Observamos taxa de 25,7% de ventilação mecânica invasiva e 17,4% de choque. Suporte circulatório mecânico foi utilizado em 7,7%. A mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi de 10,6% e a mortalidade ao final de 1 ano foi de 16,5%. Takotsubo secundário e choque cardiogênico foram preditores independentes de mortalidade. Conclusão Os resultados do REMUTA mostram que takotsubo não se trata de patologia benigna como se pensava, especialmente no grupo de takotsubo secundário que acarreta elevada taxa de complicações e de mortalidade. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):207-216)

Abstract Background Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acquired form of cardiomyopathy. National Brazilian data on this condition are scarce. The Takotsubo Multicenter Registry (REMUTA) is the first to include multicenter data on this condition in Brazil. Objective To describe the clinical characteristics, prognosis, in-hospital treatment, in-hospital mortality, and mortality during 1 year of follow-up. Methods This is an observational, retrospective registry study including patients admitted to the hospital with diagnosis of TTS and patients admitted for other reasons who developed this condition. Evaluated outcomes included triggering factor, analysis of exams, use of medications, complications, in-hospital mortality, and mortality during 1 year of follow-up. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results The registry included 169 patients from 12 centers in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mean age was 70.9 ± 14.1 years, and 90.5% of patients were female; 63% of cases were primary TTS, and 37% were secondary. Troponin I was positive in 92.5% of patients, and median BNP was 395 (176.5; 1725). ST-segment elevation was present in 28% of patients. Median left ventricular ejection fraction was 40 (35; 48)%. We observed invasive mechanical ventilation in 25.7% of cases and shock in 17.4%. Mechanical circulatory support was used in 7.7%. In-hospital mortality was 10.6%, and mortality at 1 year of follow-up was 16.5%. Secondary TTS and cardiogenic shock were independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion The results of the REMUTA show that TTS is not a benign pathology, as was once thought, especially regarding the secondary TTS group, which has a high rate of complications and mortality. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):207-216)

Síndrome Cardiorrenal Aguda: Qual Critério Diagnóstico Utilizar e sua Importância para o Prognóstico? / Acute Cardiorenal Syndrome: Which Diagnostic Criterion to Use And What is its Importance for Prognosis?

Resumo A indefinição de critérios diagnósticos para síndrome cardiorrenal aguda (SCRA) impacta em diferentes resultados prognósticos. Objetivou-se avaliar os critérios diagnósticos da SCRA e o impacto no prognóstico. Procedeu-se à revisão sistemática utilizando-se a metodologia PRISMA e os critérios PICO nas bases MEDLINE, EMBASE e LILACS. A pesquisa incluiu artigos originais do tipo ensaio clínico, coorte, caso-controle e meta-análises publicados no período de janeiro de 1998 até junho de 2018. Não foi encontrada na literatura nem nas diretrizes de insuficiência cardíaca uma definição clara dos critérios diagnósticos da SCRA. O critério diagnóstico mais comumente utilizado é o aumento da creatinina sérica de pelo menos 0,3 mg/dl em relação à basal. Entretanto, existem controvérsias na definição de creatinina basal e de qual deveria ser a creatinina sérica de referência dos pacientes críticos. Esta revisão sistemática sugere que os critérios de SCRA devem ser revistos para que se inclua o diagnóstico de SCRA na admissão hospitalar. A creatinina sérica de referência deve refletir a função renal basal antes do início da injúria renal aguda.

Abstract The absence of a consensus about the diagnostic criteria for acute cardiorenal syndrome (ACRS) affects its prognosis. This study aimed at assessing the diagnostic criteria for ACRS and their impact on prognosis. A systematic review was conducted using PRISMA methodology and PICO criteria in the MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS databases. The search included original publications, such as clinical trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and meta-analyses, issued from January 1998 to June 2018. Neither literature nor heart failure guidelines provided a clear definition of the diagnostic criteria for ACRS. The serum creatinine increase by at least 0.3 mg/dL from baseline creatinine is the most used diagnostic criterion. However, the definition of baseline creatinine, as well as which serum creatinine should be used as reference for critical patients, is still controversial. This systematic review suggests that ACRS criteria should be revised to include the diagnosis of ACRS on hospital admission. Reference serum creatinine should reflect baseline renal function before the beginning of acute kidney injury.

Humanização na unidade cardio-intensiva: o cuidado sob a ótica do paciente / Humanización de cardio intensivo unidad: cuidados desde la perspectiva del paciente / Humanization in cardio-intensive unit: care from the perspective of the patient

Analisar a percepção de pacientes sobre a humanização da assistência hospitalar em uma Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos. Métodos: Estudo transversal com abordagem qualitativa dos dados coletados através do preenchimento de um questionário respondido por 30 sujeitos de pesquisa. Resultados: Evidenciamos características favoráveis e desfavoráveis em relação ao cuidado humanizado. Características favoráveis: ouvir (85%), tocar (90%) e identificar o paciente pelo nome (93%). Características desfavoráveis: temperatura do ambiente (43%), barulho no setor (33%) e a falta de informação do seu estado de saúde/doença (16%). Conclusão: Foram apontados como fatores para humanização da assistência hospitalar segundo a percepção de pacientes internados em uma unidade de cuidados cardio-intensivos aspectos relacionados a afetividade e a individualização no tratamento. Nos depoimentos fica claro que o paciente, ao falar de humanização, reconhece o humano no outro que se traduz por um cuidado com carinho, atenção, paciência e respeito.

Analizar la percepción de los pacientes en la humanización de la atención en una unidad de cuidados intensivos cardiológicos. Métodos: Estudio transversal con datos cualitativos recogidos mediante la cumplimentación de un cuestionario contestado por 30 sujetos de la investigación. Resultados: Características favorables: escuchar (85%), jugar (90%) e identificar el nombre del paciente (93%). Características desfavorables: temperatura ambiente (43%), el ruido en el sector (33%) y la falta de información sobre su estado de salud / enfermedad (16%). Conclusión: Se identificaron como factores para la humanización de la atención de acuerdo a las percepciones de los pacientes ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de cardio-aspectos de la afectividad y la individualización del tratamiento. En las entrevistas queda claro que el paciente, al hablar de la humanización, la otra reconoce en el hombre que se traduce en una preocupación por el afecto, atención, paciencia y respeto.

Objective: To analyze the perception of patients on the humanization of hospital care in a cardiac intensive care unit. Methods: A cross-sectional study with qualitative data collected through the completion of a questionnaire answered by 30 research subjects. Results: Evidence favorable and unfavorable characteristics in relation to humanized care. Favorable characteristics: listening (85%), play (90%) and identify the patient by name (93%). unfavorable characteristics: room temperature (43%), noise in the sector (33%) and lack of information on your state of health / disease (16%). Conclusion: Were identified as factors for the humanization of hospital care according to the perceptions of patients admitted to a care unit, cardio-intensive aspects of affectivity and individualization of treatment. In interviews it is clear that the patient, in speaking of humanization, the other recognizes the human which translates into a concern for affection, attention, patience and respect.

Incidência de reestenoses em pacientes submetidos a endarterectomia cirúrgica / Incidence of rstenosis in patients submettid to endarterectomy

O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) está entre as principais causas de morte atualmente, sendo responsável por grande parte das internações no país. A etiologia mais frequente do AVC é a isquêmia, sendo que a aterosclerose extracraniana é reponsável por até 29 por cento dos casos. Nesse contexto, a endarterectomia de carótidas (EAC) apresenta-se como opção efetiva por apresentar baixa incidência de complicações e preservação satisfatória de seus efeitos em longo prazo. Objetivo: Determinar a incidência de reestenose nos pacientes submetidos a endarterectomia carotídea. Métodos: Foram estudados 30 pacientes, submetidos previamente e a EAC em hospital da rede pública do Estado do Rio de Janeiro de forma prospectiva, por meio de análise clínica e ultrassonográfica das artérias carótidas. Variáveis clínicas e ultrassonográficas foram avaliadas e descritas após análise estatística (teste exato de Fisher e teste t de Student). Resultados: A incidência de reestenose >50 por cento foi de 26 por cento (8 pacientes). Destes, 2 pacientes (6,6 por cento dos casos) apresentaram placa, resultando em reestenose grave, ou seja, 70 por cento do lúmem arterial. Do total de pacientes...

Avaliação ecocardiográfica da hipertensão arterial pulmonar na AIDS: relato de caso e correlação clínica / Ecocardiographic assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in AIDS: case report and clinical corelation

O envolvimento dos sistemas orgânicos pelo vírus do HIV ocorre de forma aleatória; porém, o coração e os grandes vasos estão entre os locais mais frequentemente acometidos, chegando, em algumas casuísticas, a atingir 75 por cento. Apesar de o vírus do HIV ser considerado fator de risco independente para o desenvolvimento de hipertensão pulmonar (HAP), esta não tem sido uma causa comum de acometimento cardiovascular. O envolvimento cardiovascular pelo HIV representa um desafio diagnóstico e terapêutico para os cardiologistas. Tal envolvimento pode ocorrer nos estágios precoces da doença, porém a indicação ecocardiográfica de rotina e a avaliação das complicações, como a HAP, por este método ainda não estão totalmente definidas. Com o objetivo de discutir aspectos relevantes na fisiopatologia e clínica dos pacientes infectados com o vírus HIV e com HAP, é apresentado este relato de caso.

Doença arterial coronariana acelerada em jovem submetido à radioterapia do mediastino / Accelerated coronary artery disease in a young patient submitted to mediastinal radiotherapy

Relata-se um caso de doença arterial coronariana (DAC) grave em paciente jovem submetido no passado à irradiação do mediastino para tratamento complementar de timoma linfoepitelial. O paciente de 32 anos de idade foi admitido no hospital com quadro de infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST, sendo tratado com angioplastia primária de artéria circunflexa. Ele apresentava história pregressa de irradiação do mediastino e 2 episódios de IAM aos 27 e 32 anos de idade. Como fatores de risco tradicionais, apresentava dislipidemia, com elevação dos n[iveis de colesterol total, LDL colesterol e triglicerideos, e ex-tabagismo. Na cinecoronariografia foi verificada a presença de doença multiarterial. Em razão da extensão e da gravidade das lesões arteriais coronarianas apresentadas pelo paciente atribuiu-se à radioterapia mediatinal o papel de acelerador da doença.