[Urodynamic study of bladder dysfunction in recurrent vesico-ureteral reflux]. / Diagnóstico urodinámico de la disfunción vesical en el reflujo vesicoureteral recidivante.

In the last 5 years we have treated in our service 98 patients suffering vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) with 148 refluyents units (RU) in total. The VUR recurred in 9 ureters (6.08%) in children neurologically normal. A urodynamic study was made in them getting the following diagnosis, in 5 R. U. vesical dysfunction: 4 R. U. vesico-sphinteric dyssynergia and in 1 R. U. vesical hyperreflexia with uninhibited bladder contractions. In the remaining 4 R. U. the urodynamic study was normal.

Ureteral triplication: double extravesical ureteral ectopia.

A 21-month-old girl presented with ureteral triplication, representing an exceptional variant of Smith's type 1. One ureter was intravesical and the other 2 were extravesical (bladder neck and vaginal).

[Conservative treatment of urethral stenosis in childhood]. / Tratamiento conservador de la estenosis de uretra en la infancia.

During a 19 years period (1969-March 1988) 22 children presented for treatment of urethral strictures. The patients ranged in age from neonatal period to 13 years old, 20 of them were boys and 2 girls. We have found 3 congenital cases, 5 traumatic cases, 9 inflammatory (versus infections) cases and 5 iatrogenic cases. Diagnosis can be suspected from the history and physical examination (voided stream), and confirmed radiographically and endoscopically; we have employed urodynamics studies in 2 cases, and those have seem of much important the follow-up. Treatment is controversial between different authors. In ours series progressive dilatation procedure have been elective (retrograde swelling catheter versus anterograde swelling catheter with cytostomy), with 86.3% of good results.

[Segmental dilatation of the ileum]. / Dilatación segmentaria del íleon.

Three cases of segmental dilatation of ileum surgically are presented. Authors have reviewed medical literature since the first case reported in 1959, and have been able to collect 33 cases. Although it is considered an identical entity involving either colon or small bowel, clinical picture and age of presentation are different. Cases involving the colon have a clinical picture very similar to that of Hirschsprung's disease, usually appearing in the lactancy or later on. Cases involving ileum or jejunum usually are manifested as a neonatal bowel obstruction. Pathological examination shows a bowel wall with all his layers as well as a normal ganglion cells. Surgical resection of dilated intestinal segment is curative.

[Superior ankyloglossia]. / Anquiloglosia superior.

Three cases of congenital superior ankyloglossia, two central and one lateral, are presented. All children had also other malformations. The embryology, etiology and syndromes including ankyloglossia are analysed and the authors review the world literature during de five last years founding only a few similar cases.