Breasts as a perceived barrier to physical activity in Mexican women: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Scarce evidence exists on barriers to physical activity in Mexican women. Despite evidence from other countries, no research has investigated the influence of the breast on PA in this population. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between the breast and physical activity in Mexican women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. METHODS: Volunteers were 279 Mexican women from Veracruz, Durango, and Baja California states, who completed a paper survey of their demographics, brassiere characteristics, breast pain, and frequency and amounts of weekly physical activity. RESULTS: The first barrier to physical activity was time constraints, followed by breast-related issues. Breast pain was reported by 47.1% of women, and the breast as a barrier to physical activity participation was reported by 30.6%. Responses, such as "I am embarrassed by excessive breast movement" and "My breasts are too big" were the most frequently reported breast-related barriers to physical activity. Breast pain was associated with the menstrual cycle and exercise. Breast health knowledge and pain intensity were unrelated to moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity. The 36.4% and 6.7% of women did not meet weekly moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity guidelines, respectively. Weekly moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity was similar between women reporting breast pain and those who did not. CONCLUSIONS: Because the breast was the second most significant barrier to physical activity, it is imperative to increase breast health knowledge in Mexican women to reduce impediments to physical activity.

Perception of Mexican women regarding their breasts as a barrier to physical activityPhysical activity provides numerous health benefits, sometimes associated with reversing or delaying several diseases. However, barriers to increasing physical activity in women remain, as the breast is an anatomical aspect that is unique to women. Breast pain has been reported in more than 50% of women who perform physical exercise. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the associations between breast characteristics and barriers to physical activity in Mexican women. Two hundred and seventy-nine women from three Mexican states voluntarily participated in the study. They answered survey questions on the history of bra use, barriers to physical activity, and essential demographic characteristics. The main findings of this study were that issues related to the breasts were reported as the second barrier to physical activity participation. In addition, time constraints were reported as the main reason impeding physical activity participation. Public health initiatives should support attempts to increase breast satisfaction among women of all breast sizes to stimulate engagement in physical activity throughout their lives.

A systematic review of Personal Comfort Systems from a post-phenomenological view.

Personal Comfort Systems (PCS) are equipments that heat and/or cool occupants without affecting surrounding environments, ranging from commonly used devices to innovative technologies, and that tend to be controlled by people. These systems aim to address energy consumption and occupant satisfaction issues related to centralised air-conditioning. Although there are systematic studies on these systems, there is a lack of documentation regarding mediation characteristics between people and the built environment. This article presents a systematic review of PCS using a search of academic literature and patents, classifying PCS based on thermal categories and device typologies while introducing post-phenomenological mediation categories. The results show that most PCS fall into the thermal categories of 'Heating' and 'Cooling and ventilation'. The review also presents a view of the PCS territory based on mediation attributes and technological complexity. Finally, the PCS' characteristics are discussed based on the post-phenomenological concepts of Embodiment, Hermeneutic, and Background providing insights for future research opportunities and PCS development.

Practitioner summary: This study presents a systematic review of Personal Comfort Systems (PCS) found in patents and academic databases, integrating post-phenomenological concepts into PCS discussion. It visualises the PCS territory using a matrix based on mediation relations and technological complexity, providing insights into PCS development and research opportunities.

Bowel obstruction related to hydrogel beads.

BACKGROUND: Bowel obstruction due to accidental ingestion of foreign objects occurs rarely in children because 80 to 90% of the objects can pass freely through the gastrointestinal tract. CASE REPORT: We report a case of a 14-month-old infant who presented bowel obstruction caused by the ingestion of hydrogel beads (sodium polyacrylate). Hydrogel beads are used as sensory and didactic toys that can increase their initial size 200 to 400 times by liquid absorption. An abdominal X-ray was perfomed in anteroposterior supine projection, where a round filling defect at the loop of the right flank was detected; this came to our attention because hydrogel beads are usually radiolucent. The diagnosis was established by abdominal ultrasound where free intraperitoneal fluid was reported with data of small bowel pseudo-obstruction by foreign objects. Conservative treatment was prescribed, finding persistence of increased abdominal perimeter, so an enterotomy was performed for their removal; finding impacted hydrogel beads 30 centimeters from the ileocecal valve. CONCLUSIONS: Hydrogel beads are dangerous for the pediatric population. The evolution of the patient was favorable thanks to the knowledge of the foreign objects ingested. The expectant behavior that had to be executed, stands out because we had no knowledge as to the maximum size of the hydrogel in the gastrointestinal tract.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La obstrucción intestinal por ingesta accidental de cuerpos extraños se presenta muy rara vez en la edad pediátrica debido a que del 80 al 90% de los objetos pueden pasar libremente por el tracto gastrointestinal. CASO CLÍNICO: Se aborda el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino de 1 año 2 meses quien presentó obstrucción intestinal debido a la ingesta de esferas de hidrogel (poliacrilato de sodio). Dichas esferas, que son utilizadas como juguetes didácticos o sensoriales, aumentan de 200 a 400 veces su tamaño inicial mediante la absorción de agua. Se realizó radiografía abdominal en proyección decúbito supino, donde llamó la atención el hallazgo de defecto de llenado redondeado en asa de flanco derecho, ya que las esferas de hidrogel son radiolúcidas. El diagnóstico se estableció mediante ultrasonido abdominal, donde se reportó líquido libre peritoneal con datos de suboclusión por cuerpos extraños a nivel intestinal. Se indicó tratamiento conservador, encontrando persistencia de aumento de perímetro abdominal. Se realizó enterotomía y se encontraron las esferas impactadas a 30 centímetros de la válvula ileocecal. CONCLUSIONES: Las esferas de hidrogel son peligrosas para la población pediátrica. La evolución de la paciente fue favorable debido al conocimiento del objeto extraño ingerido. Sobresale la conducta expectante que se tuvo que desempeñar debido a que se desconocía el crecimiento de las esferas y en qué momento no podrían continuar su paso por el tracto gastrointestinal.

Estrategia educativa utilizando la lengua de señas mexicana para mejorar desarrollo coordinativo motor en niños con discapacidad auditiva

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de un programa de educación física adaptado utilizando la lengua de señas mexicana en niños con discapacidad auditiva sobre el desarrollo coordinativo motor. Materiales y métodos: El diseño del estudio fue cuasi experimental, con muestreo por conveniencia; participando 22 estudiantes (edad 10 ± 1.8 años), diagnosticados con discapacidad auditiva, de dos escuelas de la ciudad de Mexicali, Baja California (México). Los participantes fueron divididos aleatoriamente en un grupo experimental (n=11) y un grupo control (n=11), a los cuales se les evaluó el desarrollo coordinativo motor mediante el test de coordinación corporal para niños KTK. El programa de educación física tuvo una duración de 5 meses, adaptando una programación de clases 2 veces a la semana, con una duración de 50 minutos por sesión, comunicándose con los alumnos mediante la lengua de señas mexicana y una serie de tareas para resaltar la coordinación motora. Resultados: Para comparar las variables de estudio se utilizó el test de análisis de varianza (ANOVA) mixta 2 x 2, y se observó una interacción significativa entre grupo experimental y control, lo cual demostró una significancia positiva en el desarrollo coordinativo motor (p=0.01). Conclusión: La aplicación de un programa de educación física adaptado durante cinco meses puede influenciar una mejora en la coordinación motora en niños con discapacidad auditiva.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of an adapted physical education program using mexican sign language in children with hearing impairment on motor coordination. Materials and methods: The design of the study was quasi-experimental, with convenience sampling, involving twenty-two children with an average age of 10 ± 1.8 years, diagnosed with hearing impairment, from two schools of the city of Mexicali, Baja California. Mexico. The participants were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 11) and a control group (n = 11). The motor coordination was evaluated using the KTK test (Kiphard Körperkoordinationstest für Kindergarten and Schiling, as per the German acronym), through the tests, balancing movements of backs, jumps on one foot, lateral jumps and transposition on a platform. This physical education program was achieved during 5 months, 2 times a week, 50 minutes per session and Mexican Sign Language was utilized and a series of tasks to emphasize motor coordination. Results: Analysis of Variance was applied in order to compare the study variable (ANOVA), mixed 2 x 2. A significant interaction between the two groups (experimental and control) was observed; showing a positive measuring significance in motor coordination (p=0.01). Conclusion: An adapted physical education program using the mexican sign language applied during 5 months can influence an improvement on motor coordination on hearing impaired children.

Identification of a triatomine infected with Trypanosoma cruzi in an urban area of the state of Veracruz, Mexico: A comprehensive study.

Chagas disease, considered a neglected disease, was initially confined to rural localities in endemic areas; however, in recent years through the process of urbanization and migration of infected people, the disease is gaining importance in urban environments. The presence of the vector in urban areas in most cases is due to the passive transport of vectors, but recently, its presence seems to be linked to vector adaptation processes associated with climate change. This paper reports the occurrence of an infected triatomine in the peridomicile of a house in an urban area of Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico, where the species found is described, the molecular characteristics and resistance to BZN and NFX of the Trypanosoma cruzi isolate obtained, as well as serological data of the dwelling inhabitants. These urban disease scenarios make it possible to generate new scientific knowledge and enable the creation of new control strategies for Chagas disease vectors.

Esferas de hidrogel relacionadas con oclusión intestinal / Bowel obstruction related to hydrogel beads

Resumen Introducción: La obstrucción intestinal por ingesta accidental de cuerpos extraños se presenta muy rara vez en la edad pediátrica debido a que del 80 al 90% de los objetos pueden pasar libremente por el tracto gastrointestinal. Caso clínico: Se aborda el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino de 1 año 2 meses quien presentó obstrucción intestinal debido a la ingesta de esferas de hidrogel (poliacrilato de sodio). Dichas esferas, que son utilizadas como juguetes didácticos o sensoriales, aumentan de 200 a 400 veces su tamaño inicial mediante la absorción de agua. Se realizó radiografía abdominal en proyección decúbito supino, donde llamó la atención el hallazgo de defecto de llenado redondeado en asa de flanco derecho, ya que las esferas de hidrogel son radiolúcidas. El diagnóstico se estableció mediante ultrasonido abdominal, donde se reportó líquido libre peritoneal con datos de suboclusión por cuerpos extraños a nivel intestinal. Se indicó tratamiento conservador, encontrando persistencia de aumento de perímetro abdominal. Se realizó enterotomía y se encontraron las esferas impactadas a 30 centímetros de la válvula ileocecal. Conclusiones: Las esferas de hidrogel son peligrosas para la población pediátrica. La evolución de la paciente fue favorable debido al conocimiento del objeto extraño ingerido. Sobresale la conducta expectante que se tuvo que desempeñar debido a que se desconocía el crecimiento de las esferas y en qué momento no podrían continuar su paso por el tracto gastrointestinal.

Abstract Background: Bowel obstruction due to accidental ingestion of foreign objects occurs rarely in children because 80 to 90% of the objects can pass freely through the gastrointestinal tract. Case report: We report a case of a 14-month-old infant who presented bowel obstruction caused by the ingestion of hydrogel beads (sodium polyacrylate). Hydrogel beads are used as sensory and didactic toys that can increase their initial size 200 to 400 times by liquid absorption. An abdominal X-ray was perfomed in anteroposterior supine projection, where a round filling defect at the loop of the right flank was detected; this came to our attention because hydrogel beads are usually radiolucent. The diagnosis was established by abdominal ultrasound where free intraperitoneal fluid was reported with data of small bowel pseudo-obstruction by foreign objects. Conservative treatment was prescribed, finding persistence of increased abdominal perimeter, so an enterotomy was performed for their removal; finding impacted hydrogel beads 30 centimeters from the ileocecal valve. Conclusions: Hydrogel beads are dangerous for the pediatric population. The evolution of the patient was favorable thanks to the knowledge of the foreign objects ingested. The expectant behavior that had to be executed, stands out because we had no knowledge as to the maximum size of the hydrogel in the gastrointestinal tract.

Lesión pulmonar autoinfligida por el paciente / Patient self inflicted lung injury / Lesão pulmonar autoinfligida pelo paciente

Resumen: La optimización del esfuerzo espontáneo en la ventilación mecánica tiene un lugar central en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos; aporta beneficios a los pacientes como la mejoría en el intercambio de gases, ayuda a recuperar la función del diafragma y el mantenimiento de los músculos periféricos. Por otro lado, también puede estar asociado al deterioro de la oxigenación y la lesión pulmonar. El incremento del impulso respiratorio neural aumenta el esfuerzo muscular inspiratorio, lo que condiciona presiones de distensión pulmonar lesivas, que en el contexto del síndrome de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda es de vital relevancia, ya que puede provocar el colapso y la sobredistensión regional alveolar de forma cíclica, con distribución heterogénea del estrés y tensión pulmonar. Existen tres mecanismos de lesión pulmonar por esfuerzo espontáneo: sobredistensión, aumento de la perfusión pulmonar y asincronía paciente-ventilador. La lesión pulmonar causa fuga capilar, edema pulmonar y alteración del intercambio de gases. Esto conduce a un aumento del impulso respiratorio y mayores volúmenes corrientes de las propias respiraciones espontáneas del paciente, que provocan fuga capilar y mayor daño pulmonar de forma similar a la lesión pulmonar inducida por ventilador.

Abstract: The optimization of spontaneous effort in mechanical ventilation has a central place in the intensive care unit; provides benefits to patients such as improved gas exchange, helps to regain function of the diaphragm and maintenance of peripheral muscles. On the other hand, it can also be associated with impaired oxygenation and lung injury. The increase in the neural respiratory drive increases the inspiratory muscular effort, conditioning damaging pulmonary distension pressures, which in the context of acute respiratory distress syndrome is of vital importance, since it can cause collapse and regional alveolar overdistention in a cyclical way. with heterogeneous distribution of pulmonary stress and strain. There are three mechanisms of lung injury due to spontaneous effort: overdistention, increased pulmonary perfusion, and patient-ventilator asynchrony. Lung injury causes capillary leakage, pulmonary edema, and impaired gas exchange. This leads to increased respiratory drive and higher tidal volumes of the patient's own spontaneous breaths, causing capillary leakage and increased lung damage like ventilator-induced lung injury.

Resumo: A otimização do esforço espontâneo na ventilação mecânica tem lugar central na unidade de terapia intensiva; Proporciona benefícios aos pacientes como melhora nas trocas gasosas, auxilia na recuperação da função do diafragma e na manutenção da musculatura periférica. Por outro lado, também pode estar associada ao deterioro da oxigenação e lesão pulmonar. O incremento do impulso respiratório neural aumenta o esforço muscular inspiratório, condicionando pressões de distensão pulmonar prejudiciais, o que no contexto da síndrome de insuficiência respiratória aguda é de vital relevância, pois pode causar colapso e hiperdistensão alveolar regional de forma cíclica, com distribuição heterogênea do estresse e tensão pulmonar. Existem três mecanismos de lesão pulmonar espontânea por esforço: hiperdistensão, aumento da perfusão pulmonar e assincronia paciente-ventilador. A lesão pulmonar causa vazamento capilar, edema pulmonar e troca gasosa prejudicada. Isso leva ao aumento do impulso respiratório e aos volumes correntes mais altos das próprias respirações espontâneas do paciente, causando vazamento capilar e danos pulmonares adicionais semelhantes aos danos pulmonares induzidos pelo ventilador.

A Previously Unrecognized Molecular Landscape of Lynch Syndrome in the Mexican Population.

Lynch syndrome (LS) is the main hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome. There have been few reports regarding the clinical and molecular characteristics of LS patients in Latin America; this is particularly true in the Mexican population, where no information is available. The present study aims to describe the clinical and molecular spectrum of variants in a cohort of patients diagnosed with LS in Mexico. We present a retrospective analysis of 412 patients with suspected LS, whose main site of cancer diagnosis was the colon (58.25%), followed by the endometrium (18.93%). Next-generation sequencing analysis, with an extensive multigene panel, showed that 27.1% (112/414) had a variant in one of the genes of the mismatch repair pathway (MMR); 30.4% (126/414) had a variant in non-MMR genes such as CHEK2, APC, MUTYH, BRCA1, and BRCA2; and 42.5% (176/414) had no genetic variants. Most of the variants were found in MLH1. Pathogenic variants (PVs) in MMR genes were identified in 65.7% (96/146) of the total PVs, and 34.24% (45/146) were in non-MMR genes. Molecular and clinical characterization of patients with LS in specific populations allowed personalized follow-up, with the option for targeted treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors and the development of public health policies. Moreover, such characterization allows for family cascade testing and consequent prevention strategies.

Physical activity during school recess and physical education among deaf school children1 / Atividade física durante o recreio escoiar e educação física em crianças surdas

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine comparatively the physical activity in Physical Education and school recess of hearing-impaired students in Primary Education. Fifty-eigth Physical Education classes and recess in Primary Education were evaluated in a representative way, in specialized educational institutions for people with hearing disabilities. Physical activity was determined using the system for observing fitness instruction time (SOFIT). Inferential statistics, using the Student's t-test, reported significant differences with more moderate to vigorous physical activity performed during recess than in Physical Education. The same pattern was identified in schoolchildren without diagnosed disabilities. It is recommended that teachers guide the content for the development of coordinating skills that favor the gross and fine motor conditions of this population, implementing didactic strategies that increase the amount of moderate to vigorous activity in Physical Education that is greater than that performed during recess.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar comparativamente a atividade física na Educação Física e no recreio escolar de alunos com deficiência auditiva no Ensino Fundamental. Foram avaliadas 58 aulas de Educação Física e o recreio no Ensino Fundamental, de forma representativa, em instituições de ensino especializadas para pessoas com deficiência auditiva. A atividade física foi determinada usando o sistema de observação do tempo de instrução de fitness (SOFIT). A estatística inferencial, usando o teste t de Student, relatou diferenças significativas com atividades físicas mais moderadas a vigorosas realizadas durante o recreio do que na Educação Física. O mesmo padrão foi identificado em alunos sem deficiência diagnosticada. Recomenda-se aos professores orientar o conteúdo para o desenvolvimento de coordenar capacidades que favoreçam as condições motoras grossas e finas dessa população, implementando estratégias didáticas que aumentem a quantidade de atividade moderada a vigorosa na Educação Física que seja maior do que a realizada no recreio.

Impacto de la nutrición enteral temprana en la mortalidad y días de estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos / Impact of early enteral nutrition over mortality and days of stay in the intensive care unit / Impacto da nutrição enteral precoce na mortalidade e dias de permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva

Resumen: Introducción: el retraso en el inicio de la nutrición enteral (NE), a diferencia de la NE precoz, está asociado a resultados adversos en los pacientes críticos. Objetivos: correlacionar el tiempo de inicio de la nutrición con la mortalidad, días de ventilación mecánica, estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) y estancia hospitalaria. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio tipo cohorte, retrospectivo, comparativo de los pacientes hospitalizados durante un periodo de enero a julio de 2022 en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Centro Médico ABC Campus Observatorio. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes ingresados que recibieron nutrición enteral. Resultados: de 242 pacientes, 62.8% son masculinos, con una mediana de edad de 65 (62.8-67.7) años, de los cuales 22% de la población requirió ventilación mecánica, encontrando una mortalidad global de 6.3%. Se observó diferencia significativa con p = 0.001, con un OR 0.210 (0.087-0.509) en la mortalidad de los pacientes con nutrición temprana 5.5 versus 13.2% nutrición tardía, sin diferencia en días de ventilación, estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos adultos (UCIA) ni hospitalización. Conclusiones: el retraso en la NE se asoció significativamente con menos días libres de UCI, estancia más prolongada en la UCI, hospitalizaciones más largas y mortalidad en comparación con la NE temprana.

Abstract: Introduction: the delay in the start of enteral nutrition (EN) or late EN, unlike early EN, is associated with adverse outcomes in critically ill patients. Objectives: to correlate the start time of nutrition with mortality, days of mechanical ventilation, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay. Material and methods: a retrospective, comparative, cohort study of hospitalized patients during the period from January to July 2022 in the ICU of the ABC Medical Center Observatory Campus was carried out. All hospitalized patients who received enteral nutrition were included. Results: of 242 patients, 62.8% were male, with a median age of 65 (62.8-67.7) years, 22% of the population required mechanical ventilation, finding an overall mortality of 6.3%. A significant difference was found with p = 0.001, with an OR 0.210 (0.087-0.509) in the mortality of patients with early nutrition 5.5 vs 13.2% late nutrition, without difference in days of mechanical ventilation, ICU or hospitalization length of stay. Conclusions: delayed EN was significantly associated with less ICU-free days, longer intrahospital length of stay and mortality, compared with early EN.

Resumo: Introdução: o atraso no início da nutrição enteral (NE) ou NE tardia, ao contrário da NE precoce, está associado a desfechos adversos em pacientes críticos. Objetivos: correlacionar o tempo de início da nutrição com mortalidade, dias de ventilação mecânica, internação na UTI e internação. Material e métodos: realizou-se um estudo de coorte, retrospectivo e comparativo de pacientes internados no período de janeiro a julho de 2022 na UTI do Hospital Centro Médico ABC Campus Observatorio. Todos os pacientes admitidos que receberam nutrição enteral foram incluídos. Resultados: dos 242 pacientes, 62.8% são do sexo masculino, com idade média de 65 (62.8-67.7) anos, dos quais 22% da população necessitou de ventilação mecânica, encontrando-se uma mortalidade geral de 6.3%. Uma diferença significativa foi encontrada com p = 0.001, com OR 0.210 (0.087-0.509) na mortalidade de pacientes com nutrição precoce 5.5 vs 13.2% nutrição tardia, sem diferença em dias de ventilação, permanência na UTI ou hospitalização. Conclusões: o atraso da NE foi significativamente associada a menos dias livres de UTI, estadias mais longas na UTI, internações mais longas e mortalidade, em comparação com NE precoce.

[Distribution and risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis in Aysén 2010-2016]. / Distribución y factores de riesgo de equinococosis quística humana en Aysén 2010-2016.

BACKGROUND: In Chile, cystic echinococcosis is endemic throughout the country and hyperendemic in some regions such as La Araucanía and Aysén and continues to be a neglected public health problem. AIM: To estímate the risk of human hydatidosis in Aysén, studying the relationship of notifications and hospital discharge rates with social and environmental factors, such as population, multidimensional poverty index, urbanization, average temperature, average rainfall and sheep population. METHODS: Poisson regressions were used to study the factors associated with notifiable diseases and hospital discharge rates and the Besag-York-Mollie model for relative risk. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Aysén has a high risk, between 2 and 19 times that expected for the region. A significant underreporting of cases was found. The model of hospital discharges had a good fit showing the positive influence of the human and bovine population and the positive effect of temperature. An effect of the multidimensional poverty index was also detected, which is mainly affected by education and working conditions. Excepting one locality, the areas of greatest risk correspond to the eastern cordon of the Aysén region.

Familial erythrocytosis 2 and von Hippel-Lindau disease in the same pediatric patient / Eritrocitosis familiar 2 y enfermedad de von Hippel-Lindau en el mismo paciente

Abstract Background: Patients with familial erythrocytosis type 2 have no increased risk of von Hippel-Lindau-associated tumors, although mutations in the VHL gene cause both pathologies. Case report: We present a case of a compound heterozygote patient with von Hippel-Lindau disease and familial erythrocytosis type 2. One of the mutations found in our patient, c.416C>G (p.Ser139Cys) of the VHL gene, has not been previously reported. This case is the second one reported where von Hippel-Lindau disease and familial erythrocytosis type 2 coexist in the same individual. Conclusions: Despite the low frequency of familial erythrocytosis type 2 in patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease, the possibility of this diagnosis should be considered to avoid unnecessary invasive studies to explain the polyglobulia in these patients and guarantee an adequate follow-up and vigilance of both diseases.

Resumen Introducción: Los pacientes con eritrocitosis familiar tipo 2 no muestran un riesgo incrementado de desarrollar tumores asociados con la enfermedad de von Hippel-Lindau, a pesar de que ambas afecciones están causadas por variantes patogénicas en el gen VHL. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de un paciente heterocigoto compuesto con enfermedad de von Hippel-Lindau y eritrocitosis familiar tipo 2. Una de las variantes patogénicas en el paciente, VHL c.416C>G (p.Ser139Cys), no ha sido previamente reportada. Este es el segundo reporte de caso en que la enfermedad de von Hippel-Lindau y la eritrocitosis familiar tipo 2 coexisten en el mismo individuo. Conclusiones: A pesar de la baja frecuencia de la eritrocitosis familiar tipo 2 en pacientes con enfermedad de von Hippel-Lindau, la posibilidad del diagnóstico debe considerarse con el fin de evitar estudios invasivos innecesarios para explicar la presencia de poliglobulia en estos pacientes y para garantizar un adecuado seguimiento y una correcta vigilancia de ambas enfermedades.

Distribución y factores de riesgo de equinococosis quística humana en Aysén 2010-2016 / Distribution and risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis in Aysén 2010-2016

INTRODUCCIÓN: En Chile, la equinococosis quística o hidatidosis es endémica a lo largo de todo el país e hiperendémica en algunas regiones como La Araucanía y Aysén y sigue siendo un problema de salud pública desatendido. OBJETIVO: Estimar el riesgo de hidatidosis humana en Aysén, estudiando la relación de las notificaciones y egresos con factores sociales y ambientales, tales como población, índice de pobreza multidimensional, urbanización, temperatura media, precipitación media y población ganadera ovina. METODOLOGÍA: Se utilizaron regresiones de Poisson para estudiar los factores asociados a enfermedades de notificación obligatoria y egresos y el modelo Besag-York-Mollie para el riesgo relativo. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Aysén tiene un alto riesgo de hidatidosis humana, entre 2 y 19 veces el esperado para la región. Se encontró una importante sub-notificación de casos. El modelo de los egresos hospitalarios tuvo un buen ajuste mostrando la influencia positiva de la población humana y ovina y el efecto positivo de la temperatura. También se detectó un efecto del índice de pobreza multidimensional sobre los casos y egresos hospitalarios, que es principalmente afectado por la educación y de condiciones de trabajo. Exceptuando la comuna de O'Higgins, las zonas de mayor riesgo corresponden al cordón oriental de la Región de Aysén.

BACKGROUND: In Chile, cystic echinococcosis is endemic throughout the country and hyperendemic in some regions such as La Araucanía and Aysén and continues to be a neglected public health problem. AIM: To estímate the risk of human hydatidosis in Aysén, studying the relationship of notifications and hospital discharge rates with social and environmental factors, such as population, multidimensional poverty index, urbanization, average temperature, average rainfall and sheep population. METHODS: Poisson regressions were used to study the factors associated with notifiable diseases and hospital discharge rates and the Besag-York-Mollie model for relative risk. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Aysén has a high risk, between 2 and 19 times that expected for the region. A significant underreporting of cases was found. The model of hospital discharges had a good fit showing the positive influence of the human and bovine population and the positive effect of temperature. An effect of the multidimensional poverty index was also detected, which is mainly affected by education and working conditions. Excepting one locality, the areas of greatest risk correspond to the eastern cordon of the Aysén region.

Familial erythrocytosis 2 and von Hippel-Lindau disease in the same pediatric patient.

BACKGROUND: Patients with familial erythrocytosis type 2 have no increased risk of von Hippel-Lindau-associated tumors, although mutations in the VHL gene cause both pathologies. CASE REPORT: We present a case of a compound heterozygote patient with von Hippel-Lindau disease and familial erythrocytosis type 2. One of the mutations found in our patient, c.416C>G (p.Ser139Cys) of the VHL gene, has not been previously reported. This case is the second one reported where von Hippel-Lindau disease and familial erythrocytosis type 2 coexist in the same individual. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the low frequency of familial erythrocytosis type 2 in patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease, the possibility of this diagnosis should be considered to avoid unnecessary invasive studies to explain the polyglobulia in these patients and guarantee an adequate follow-up and vigilance of both diseases.

Enseñanza virtual en educación física en primaria en México y la pandemia por COVID-19 / Virtual education in physical education for elementary school in Mexico and the COVID-19 pandemic

La revisión teórica aborda la educación física virtual establecida en México a partir delconfinamiento social por COVID-19, basada en el problema, ya existente en México, de sedentarismo y obesidad infantil en niños de educación primaria, en quienes, derivado del confinamiento social, se estima un aumento de masa cor-poral, lo que conlleva mayores riesgos de salud. Al analizar la bibliografía reciente, que relaciona al COVID-19 con la educación física y la actividad física, se identificala oportunidad del profesorado de educación física, de conducir esquemas virtuales en los contenidos del programa educativo para, de esta manera, coadyuvar en la disminución del sedentarismo en estudiantes de primaria, teniendo como prioridad la alfabetización física.(AU)

The theoretical review addresses the virtual physical education established in Mexico based on social con-finement by COVID-19, based on the problem, already existing in Mexico, of sedentary lifestyle and childhood obesity in primary school children, in whom, derived from social confinement, an increase in body mass is estimated, which carries greater health risks. When analyzing the recent bibliography, which relates COVID-19 with physical education and physical activity, the opportunity for physical education teachers to conduct virtual schemes in the contents of the educational program is identified, in this way, to contribute to the decreasein sedentary lifestyle in primary school students, prioritizing physical literacy.(AU)

Pedagogical Strategies for Gross and Fine Motor Skills Learning Through Physical Education: Intervention in Students with Hearing Impairment / Estratégias Pedagógicas para o Aprendizado de Habilidades Motoras Grossas e Finas por meio da Educação Física: Intervenção em Estudantes com Deficiência Auditiva

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a program that used pedagogical strategies for gross and fine motor skills learning through Physical Education in students with hearing impairment. Fifteen students diagnosed with hearing impairment, with 7.7 ± .3 years old (men n = 9 and women n = 6), took part in a five-month program of 40 Physical Education sessions with pedagogical strategies for gross and fine motor skills learning, in which they communicated through the Mexican Sign Language. The Battelle Developmental Inventory was utilized before and after the program to measure tests of body coordination, locomotion, fine motor skills and perceptual ability, which determine gross and fine motor skills scores. Statistical analysis was performed using the student's t-test for related samples, reporting significant differences in the gross motor skills score (p = .001) and fine motor skills score (p = .001) before and after the intervention. The percentage change was of 21.1 Δ% and 19.2 Δ% respectively. Participation for five months in a Physical Education program positively influences gross and fine motor skills coordination in students with hearing impairment.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de um programa que utilizou estratégias pedagógicas para habilidades motoras grossas e finas de aprendizagem por meio da Educação Física em alunos com deficiência auditiva. Quinze estudantes com diagnóstico de deficiência auditiva, com idade de 7.7 ± .3 anos (homens n = 9 e mulheres n = 6), participaram de um programa de cinco meses de 40 sessões de Educação Física com estratégias pedagógicas para a aprendizagem da motricidade grossa e fina, na qual eles se comunicavam por meio da Língua de Sinais mexicana. O inventário de desenvolvimento de Battelle foi utilizado antes e depois do programa para medir testes de coordenação corporal, locomoção, habilidades motoras finas e habilidade perceptiva, que determinam os escores de habilidades motoras grossas e finas. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o teste t de Student para amostras relacionadas, relatando diferenças significativas no escore de habilidades motoras grossas (p = .001) e no escore de habilidades motoras finas (p = .001) antes e após a intervenção. A variação percentual foi de 21.1% e 19.2%, respectivamente. A participação por cinco meses em um programa de Educação Física influencia positivamente a coordenação de habilidades motoras grossas e finas em alunos com deficiência auditiva.

Contribution of Anthropogenic Factors and Climate Variables to Human Cystic Echinococcosis Mortality in Chile (2001-2011).

Here we assess the effect of weather and anthropogenic environmental variables, particularly urbanization, on cystic echinococcosis mortality in Chile from 2001 to 2011 using a nonparametric regression model, multivariate adaptive regression splines, and Poisson nonlinear regression models. This study integrated data from various sources on weather and anthropogenic variables. The canine population had the greatest influence on human cystic echinococcosis mortality during the period analyzed. Urbanization among anthropogenic variables and temperature and precipitation among the weather-related variables were the main factors related to cystic echinococcosis deaths. Deaths decreased with urbanization level. Temperature showed a nonlinear impact on mortality, with an optimum value ∼11°C. Public policies aimed at improving safe management of companion animal populations are crucial in controlling the spread of this disease. Effective animal management strategies would have wide-ranging public health benefits, advance the welfare of companion animals and livestock, and decrease the number of human cystic echinococcosis cases.

Efecto de un programa adaptado de educación física en niños con discapacidad auditiva sobre la coordinación motora / Effect of an Adapted Program of Physical Education in Children with Hearing Disability on Motor Coordination / Efeito de um programa de educação física adaptado em crianças com deficiência auditiva na coordenação motora

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de un programa de educación física adaptado en escolares con discapacidad auditiva sobre el cociente motor. Método: el diseño del estudio fue cuasiexperimental, con muestreo por conveniencia, participando treinta y ocho niños con una edad promedio de 7.4±0.9 años, diagnosticados con debilidad o pérdida auditiva, de dos escuelas de la ciudad de Mexicali, Baja California. México. Los participantes fueron divididos aleatoriamente en un grupo experimental (n=23) y otro control (n=15), a los cuales se les evaluó el cociente motor mediante el test de coordinación corporal para niños KTK (Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder de Kiphard y Schiling), por sus siglas en alemán, mediante las pruebas: desplazamientos en equilibrio de espaldas, saltos monopódales, saltos laterales y transposición sobre plataforma. El programa se realizó durante 4 meses, 5 veces por semana, con una duración de 50 minutos por sesión, comunicándose con los alumnos mediante el lenguaje de señas mexicano y realizando una serie de tareas que enfatizaran la coordinación motora. Resultados: al comparar los resultados entre grupos de la variable cociente motor, con el análisis de varianza (ANOVA) mixtas 2 x 2 se observó una interacción doblemente significativa entre los grupos y las mediciones (p = 0.01), los porcentajes de cambio (Δ %) fueron 26 % del grupo experimental y 6.5 %. del grupo control (Δ %). Conclusión: se establece que la aplicación de un programa de educación física adaptado durante cuatro meses, mejora la coordinación motora en niños con discapacidad auditiva.

Abstract Aim: To evaluate the effect of an adapted physical education program on students with hearing impairment on the motor quotient. Method: The design of the study was quasi-experimental, with convenience sampling, involving thirty-eight children with an average age of 7.4 ± 0.9 years, diagnosed with weakness or hearing loss, from two schools of the city of Mexicali, Baja California. Mexico. The participants were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 23) and a control group (n = 15). The motor quotient was evaluated using the KTK children's body coordination test (Kiphard Körperkoordinationstest für Kindergarten and Schiling, as per the German acronym), through the tests, balancing movements of backs, jumps on one foot, lateral jumps and transposition on a platform. The program was carried out for four months, five times a week, with a duration of 50 minutes per session. The communication with the students was through the Mexican sign language, and the tasks performed emphasized motor coordination. Results: When comparing the results between groups of the motor quotient variable, with the mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) 2 x 2, a doubly significant interaction between the groups and the measurements was observed (p = 0.01); the percentages of change (Δ %) were 26% for the experimental group, and 6.5% for the control group (Δ%). Conclusion: It is established that the application of a physical education program adapted for four months improves the motor coordination in children with hearing disabilities.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de um programa de educação física adaptado a crianças em idade escolar com deficiência auditiva no quociente motor. Métodos: O desenho do estudo foi quase-experimental, com amostragem por conveniência, envolvendo trinta e oito crianças com idade média de 7,4±0,9 anos, com diagnóstico de fraqueza ou perda auditiva, de duas escolas da cidade de Mexicali, Baja California. México. Os participantes foram divididos aleatoriamente em um grupo experimental (n=23) e um grupo controle (n=15), para os quais o quociente motor foi avaliado pelo teste de coordenação corporal de crianças KTK (Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder de Kiphard y Schiling), pela sigla alemã, por meio de testes, movimentos em contrapeso, saltos monopedais, saltos laterais e transposição em plataforma. O programa foi realizado durante 4 meses, 5 vezes por semana, com duração de 50 minutos por sessão, comunicando-se com os alunos através da linguagem de sinais mexicana e realizando uma série de tarefas que enfatizavam a coordenação motora. Resultados: Ao comparar os resultados entre os grupos da variável quociente motor, com a análise de variância (ANOVA) mista 2 x 2 foi observada uma interação duplamente significativa entre os grupos e as medidas (p = 0,01), os percentuais de variação (Δ%) foram de 26% do grupo experimental e 6,5% do grupo controle (Δ%). Conclusão: Estabelece-se que a aplicação de um programa de educação física adaptado durante quatro meses melhora a coordenação motora de crianças com deficiência auditiva.

Mexican BRCA1 founder mutation: Shortening the gap in genetic assessment for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer patients.

The deletion of exons 9 to 12 of BRCA1 (9-12 del BRCA1) is considered a founder mutation in the Mexican population. We evaluate the usefulness of the target detection of 9-12 del BRCA1 as the first molecular diagnostic strategy in patients with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC). We performed the genetic assessment of 637 patients with suspected HBOC. The region corresponding to the breakpoints for the 9-12 del BRCA1 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). An analysis of the clinical data of the carriers and non-carriers was done, searching for characteristics that correlated with the deletion. The 9-12 del BRCA1 was detected in 5% of patients with suspected HBOC (30/637). In patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer, 13 of 30 were 9-12 del BRCA1 carriers, which represents 43%. We found a significant association between the 9-12 del BRCA1 carriers with triple negative breast cancer and high-grade papillary serous ovarian cancer. We concluded that the detection of the 9-12 del BRCA1 is useful as a first molecular diagnostic strategy in the Mexican population. In particular, it shortens the gap in genetic assessment in patients with triple negative breast cancer and ovarian cancer.

Effects of a 20-week concurrent training program on bone metabolism in elderly women / Efecto de 20 semanas de entrenamiento concurrente sobre el metabolismo óseo de adultas mayores

The present study evaluated the effect of a 20-week concurrent training program on bone metabolism in elderly women. The sample consisted of 51 elderly women living in the municipality of Muriaé (MG), distributed into two groups: a concurrent training group (CTG = 25), with an average age of 69.44 ± 6.82 years, and a control group (CG = 26), with mean age of 68.30 ± 6.34 years. Biophysical parameters were determined based on weight, height and body mass index. Bone metabolism was assessed by collecting second-morning urine samples before and after intervention to analyze levels of the biochemical marker deoxypyridinoline (DPD), which quantifies bone resorption. Results: The results showed a post-intervention decline in DPD content in the GTC when compared to controls (p = 0.007) and an improvement in the variables weight, BMI and DPD between the GTC and GC (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Concurrent training was efficient in improving bone metabolism in the elderly population studied.

El presente estudio evaluó los efectos de 20 semanas de entrenamiento concurrente sobre el metabolismo óseo de adultas mayores. La muestra fue compuesta por 51 mujeres adultas mayores, residentes en el municipio de Muriaé (MG), voluntarias, distribuidas en dos grupos, un grupo participó en entrenamiento concurrente (GTC=25), con una edad media de 69,44±6,82 años y un grupo control (GC=26) con una media de 68,30±6,34 años. Los parámetros biofísicos se determinaron por medio del peso corporal, la estatura e índice de masa corporal. Para la evaluación del metabolismo óseo, se realizó la recolección de la orina matinal en el pre y post-test, utilizando como reactivo el marcador bioquímico de deoxipiridinolina (DPD) que cuantifica la reabsorción ósea. Los resultados mostraron una reducción en la concentración de DPD en el GTC cuando se compararon los grupos (p = 0,007) y la mejora de las variables, peso corporal, IMC y DPD entre el GTC y el GC en el post-test (p = 0,000). Se percibe que el entrenamiento concurrente, para las mujeres adultas mayores fue eficiente en la mejoría de las condiciones de salud del metabolismo óseo.