Millennials' and Z Generation's Knowledge on Child Immunization and the Role of Media in the Digital Era in Jabodetabek, Indonesia.

Vaccine hesitancy is a threat for global health. Shortly, millennials and Z generation (gen-Z), the digital natives, are responsible for the future of the children. No study was found yet regarding child immunization and the usage of media in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi (Jabodetabek), Indonesia. This study aim to determine factors affecting millennials' and Z generation's knowledge about child immunization and the usage of media as the source of health information. Online questionnaire was distributed from 25th September to 20th November 2020 to students and workers in Jabodetabek. Subjects with child and/or <15 or >40 years old are excluded. Analysis was done with SPSS 20. Total of 376 subjects with mean age 18 (15-38) years old were collected. Subject's varies from high school students (48.4%), university students (46.2%) and workers (1.6%). Total of 357 (94.9%) subjects willing to complete their future child's immunization. Internet was the primary source of health information for 357 (94.9%) subjects, especially Instagram for 129 (34.3%) subjects. Concluded that subjects' immunization status affects their willingness to fully vaccinate their future children. Digital media (Instagram) is the primary source of health information. Educational background affects their consideration in trusting online sources.

Incidence of Allergic Drug Eruption due to Cotrimoxazole in HIV-Positive Individuals with CD4 ≤200 Cells/ul.

Allergic drug eruptions (ADE) remain a challenge in people living with HIV (PLWH), requiring more studies to guide clinical approaches. While cotrimoxazole is widely used as prophylaxis in PLWH, relationship between client characteristics toward the occurrence of cotrimoxazole ADEs is still poorly understood.A retrospective cohort study followed PLWH initiated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) in St. Carolus Hospital between January 2009 to December 2021. ADE occurrence due to cotrimoxazole were tested for significance using Pearson's Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Test (significant outcome measured as p < 0.05) against CD4 levels at very low (0-100 cells/ul) and low (101-200 cells/ul) groups, comorbidities, and retention status.Cotrimoxazole-related ADEs occurred in 258 (14%) of 1789 subjects with CD4 levels ≤200 cells/ul. Comorbidities of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and M. tuberculosis infections were found in 11, 4, and 95 subjects respectively. 151 (59%) of ADE group had very low CD4 levels (p value > 0.05). No significant difference was found in ADE incidence between age groups, genders, CD4 levels, comorbidities, and ART retention.Cotrimoxazole-induced ADE is unrelated to CD4 levels, and ART retention was not affected. ADE severity ranges from mild to serious manifestations, and close monitoring is crucial to ensure ADEs are treated ART are well-maintained.

Cardiac manifestations, treatment characteristics, and outcomes of paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) (PIMS-TS) is a rare clinical syndrome associated with a multiorgan system dysfunction, especially acute cardiac injury, and mandates a higher level of care. AIM OF REVIEW: To investigate cardiac manifestations, treatment characteristics, and outcomes of PIMS-TS. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW: Twenty-six studies were included with 1228 pooled subjects, with a mean age of 8.6 years, which were dominated by male gender (53%), and African ethnicity (31%). 732 (38%) patients were reactive on a serological test, and 457 patients (45%) were positive on SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. ST-segment abnormalities were the most common ECG findings (16%, n/N: 34/212). Various markers of troponin and the pooled mean of BNP and NT-pro-BNP levels were elevated. Cardiomegaly and pericardial effusion (21.8%, n/N: 164/751) were the most common chest X-ray findings. In echocardiography, the majority of patients' left ventricular ejection fraction was reduced (59.0%, n/N: 180/305), with pericardial effusion/ pericarditis seen the most (17.44%, n/N: 221/1267), and Z score ≥ 2 in 28% (n/N: 42/139). Cardiac MRI findings were consistent with acute myocarditis. Intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, and vasoactive drugs were frequently utilized. The mean length of stay was 6 days, with most patients (71%, n/N: 834/1163) were admitted to the ICU. However, the overall prognosis was favorable, with 98% alive (n/N: 1235/1260), and more than 50% of patients experienced recovery of left ventricular systolic functions at discharge (116 out of 206 patients).