[Organ-conserving operations in treatment of breast cancer]. / Organosokhraniaiushchie operatsii v lechenii raka molochnoi zhelezy.

The report deals with the results of conservative surgery carried out in 261 patients with breast tumors T1-2N0-1M0. Special procedure was employed to assess edges of removed segments of tumor tissue in 46. A classification of edge condition is offered. It was found that degree of intervention should depend on whether tumor segments are left in the edge. The end results were evaluated on the basis of tumor dissemination to the regional lymph nodes, survival duration and frequency of locally-advanced relapse. Five-year survival was 91.4%; localized recurrence incidence--3.8%.

[Diagnostic tactics in localized fibroadenomatosis of the breast]. / Diagnosticheskaia taktika pri lokalizovannom fibroadenomatoze molochnoi zhelezy.

Results of the examination and treatment of 203 patients with localized fibroadenomatosis of the mammary gland are described. The authors give an estimation of diagnostic algorithms used when detecting the physical signs of the disease. It was shown that the examination of patients with the palpation signs of nodular mastopathy should necessarily include mammography which can eliminate unwarranted risk of hypodiagnosing carcinoma of the mammary gland and determine the group of patients in whom the emergency operation is not necessary.

[Surgical treatment of rectal cancer in middle-aged and elderly patients]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie raka priamoi kishki u bol'nykh pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta.

This article presents results of surgical treatment of 439 patients with cancer of the rectum, including 310 (70.6%) patients older than 60. The transabdominoperineal extirpation of the rectum was made in 48.1% of the elderly and senile patients, the anterior (transabdominal) resection--in 33.6%, Gartman's operation--in 12.6%, transanal excision of the tumor--in 11 patients. Lethal outcomes after the surgical interventions was 4.8%.

[How often is breast fibroadenomatosis asymptomatic?]. / Kak chasto fibroadenomatoz molochnykh zhelez imeet bessimptomnoe techenie?

The results of clinico-morphological examinations of 386 women having no complains of discomfort in the mammary glands are presented. Methods of palpation, mammography and morphological investigation have detected fibroadenomatosis without subjective symptoms of the disease in 38%, 67% and 78% of the patients correspondingly. This variant of the disease is called asymptomatic since the woman can not notice it and so it is out of the field of attention of oncologists. High incidence of asymptomatic fibroadenomatosis requires a revision of the current assessment of it as a disease because it does not take into account a variant of the disease when the patient has no complains of painful indurations in the mammary glands.

[The goals and possibilities of drug therapy in mastopathies (results of a questionnaire addressed to oncologists in various regions of Russia)]. / Zadachi i vozmozhnosti lekarstvennogo lecheniia i dispanserizatsii bol'nykh mastopatiei (rezul'taty oprosa onkologov raznykh regionov Rossii).

The results of a questionnaire-based investigation involving 126 oncologists who treat mastopathy are presented. The study failed to establish any significant decrease in breast cancer morbidity as a result of treating mastopathy by medication. It was found that the whole problem of treatment and follow-up of dibraodenoma mammae needs to be re-considered.

[Does a sector resection of the breast cure nodal mastopathy?]. / Izlechivaet li sektoral'naia rezektsiia molochnoi zhelezy uzlovuiu mastopatiiu?

Results of the clinico-morphological investigation of 265 patients with localized mastopathy who were submitted to sectorial resection showed that in the margins of the operative wound there were morphological signs of mastopathy in 252 (95.1%) patients. The results obtained confirm the opinion that structural alterations of the tissues known to be the essential feature of fibroadenomatosis can not be local, they are of diffuse character. So, the sectorial resection performed for localized mastopathy can not be radical and is of no therapeutic significance. The indication to surgical intervention must be determined not so much by the necessary treatment as by the real risk of hypo-diagnosis of breast cancer. So, there is no need to fulfil the sectorial resection for localized mastopathy. It is enough to make operation of less volume (excision biopsy).

[Differential diagnosis of nipple discharge]. / Diagnosticheskaia taktika pri vedeleniiakh iz soska molochnoi zhelezy.

An analysis of results of contrast mammography in 42 women having spontaneous, persistent and unilateral discharge from the nipple of the breast of serous, serous-hemorrhagic and hemorrhagic character was made. The cause of the discharge was found to be intraductal papillomas and cystadenopapillomas in 55% of the cases, breast cancer--in 2% which were not diagnosed by noncontrast mammography.

[Nodular basalioma of the skin]. / Noduliarnaia bazalioma kozhi.

Nodular basalioma is responsible for 83.5% of cases of all types of this tumor. It has 3 forms, one transforming into other (a tumor with intact integument epithelium eventuating in tumor with atrophic and then ulcerating epithelium). The choice of the treatment strategy depends on the tumor site and patients's age and status.

[Enterosorption in the preparation of patients for surgery of the large intestine]. / Enterosorbtsiia pri podgotovke bol'nykh k operatsiiam na tolstoi kishke.

Enterosorption was used in the preparation of 30 patients for operations for carcinoma of the colon in order to make detoxication of the organism and to reduce the amount of postoperative pyo-inflammatory complications. The effectiveness of detoxication was confirmed by laboratory analysis. The amount of postoperative complications were reduced from 40% to 17.6%, the duration of the postoperative period at the hospital became shorter - 19.3 days instead of 26.7.

[Enterosorption in the preoperative period in patients with cancer of the large intestine]. / Enterosorbtsiia v predoperatsionnom periode u bol'nykh rakom tolstoi kishki.

Polifepan was used for preoperative detoxication by enterosorption in 40 cases of cancer of the large bowel. The results were compared in the study group and controls who had received standard premedication. Postoperative complication frequency dropped 35-10% and postoperative inpatient stay duration--28.3-17.8 days.

[Angiotensometry in intra-abdominal resection of the rectum and sigmoid in cancer]. / Angiotenzometriia pri vnutribriushnoi rezektsii priamoi i sigmovidnoi kishki po povodu raka.

The transilluminative occlusive angiotensometry was used for the determination of viability of the sutured segments of the colon in 93 intraabdominal resection for carcinoma. The use of angiotensometry has reduced the incompetence of anastomosis sutures in intraabdominal resections of the rectum and sigmoid colon from 13.6% to 8.6%.

[Angiotensometry in peritoneo-anal resection of the rectum in cancer]. / Angiotenzometriia pri briushno-anal'noi rezektsii priamoi kishki po povodu raka.

Angiotensometry was used in 66 patients for assessing the viability of a large bowel transplant in the course of peritoneoanal resection of the rectum for cancer. The procedure assured reliable evaluation of intramural blood circulation in the segment of the colon transposed downwards. As a result, necrosis development in the colon was reduced to 10.4%.

[Emergency operations in complicated forms of cancer of the colon]. / Neotlozhnye operatsii pri oslozhnennykh formakh raka obodochnoi kishki.

Direct outcomes of 215 urgent operations for complicated forms of carcinoma of the colon were analyzed. Operations for acute ileus were performed in 147 patients, for perforation of the bowel and peritonitis in 45 patients, for profuse intestinal bleedings in 23 patients. The lethality after the urgent operations was 32.5%. Operations with the removal of the primary tumor give better direct and remote results.

[Combined operations in stomach cancer]. / Kombinirovannye operatsii pri rake zheludka.

Experience with 217 combined operations for gastric cancer have shown them to be expedient. Five-years survival after combined operations for locally spread gastric cancer was obtained in 26,4 +/- 4,2% of the discharged patients.

[Possibilities of the local removal of villous tumors of the large intestine]. / O vozmozhnostiakh mestnogo udaleniia vorsinchatykh opukholei tolstoi kishki.

The study was concerned with the long-term results of local removal of villous tumors of large bowel in 144 cases. A statistical analysis of the treatment results versus such factors as patient's age, size and anatomical pattern of tumor, tumor invasion, villous tumor multiplicity and the concomittance of the latter with tubular adenoma of large bowel as well as the procedure of local removal furnished fresh evidence in support of local intervention provided tumor is free of invasive growth. Radical surgery should be indicated in cases of invasion or villous tumor growing per continuitatem.

[Operations for rectal and sigmoid cancer in persons younger than 40]. / Operatsii pri rake priamoi i sigmovidnoi kishok u lits molodzhe 40 let.

The results of 57 sphincter-preserving operations for cancer of the rectum and sigmoid in persons under 40 years of age are analysed. Of 40 patients, operated upon 5 years ago and longer, 28 patients (70%) are alive. The prognosis for cancer of the sigmoid and rectum in young patients is greatly influenced by the depth of tumor infiltration of the intestinal wall, metastatic involvement of regional lymph nodes and the histological structure of the tumor.