Risk factors for severe adverse effects and treatment-related deaths in Japanese patients treated with irinotecan-based chemotherapy: a postmarketing survey.

OBJECTIVES: This analysis was conducted to clarify risk factors for severe adverse effects and treatment-related deaths reported during a postmarketing survey of irinotecan. METHODS: The survey covered all patients treated with irinotecan in Japan between April 1995 and January 2000. The patient background data and adverse drug reactions were collected through case report forms. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses including 14 explanatory variables were performed to determine the risk factors for grade 3-4 leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and diarrhea for all patients and subgroups with five major cancers. Treatment-related deaths were also analyzed. RESULTS: Case report forms of 13 935 patients (94.1% of 14 802 patients registered) treated with irinotecan-based chemotherapy were collected. Major grade 3-4 adverse drug reactions were leukopenia (34.8%), thrombocytopenia (12.4%) and diarrhea (10.1%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk factors (odds ratio ≥1.5) common for all these three adverse drug reactions were performance status (≥3), infection and renal dysfunction before starting irinotecan therapy. Additionally, the risk factors for leukopenia were being female and prior radiotherapy, those for thrombocytopenia were age (≥65 years), while those for diarrhea were pleural effusion and watery stool. The risk factors in each cancer were also identified. The incidence of treatment-related death was 1.3% (176). Myelosuppression-related deaths accounted for 70% and interstitial lung disease for 11% of all treatment-related deaths. Being male, age, performance status ≥3, massive ascites and infection and renal dysfunction were identified as risk factors for treatment-related death. CONCLUSIONS: To ensure the safety of irinotecan therapy, it is important to select appropriate patients by considering the risk factors.

Post-marketing surveillance (PMS) of all patients treated with irinotecan in Japan: clinical experience and ADR profile of 13,935 patients.

OBJECTIVE: The actual condition of drug utilization and the adverse drug reactions profile of irinotecan hydrochloride hydrate (irinotecan), an antitumor drug, were examined on the basis of all the case survey results from April 1995 to January 2000. METHODS: Drug utilization and the adverse drug reactions profile of irinotecan were figured out by checking of the patient conditions at the start of therapy and monitoring during on-therapy period in this survey. RESULTS: Among the 13 935 patients investigated, 32% had non-small cell lung cancer, 16% had colorectal cancer, 15% had ovarian cancer and 14% had small cell lung cancer, all principal cancers in which irinotecan was domestically approved for use. Most frequent regimens of each cancer were concomitant use with cisplatin for non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer (38 and 46%, respectively), concomitant use with cisplatin or mitomycin for ovarian cancer (each 30%) and irinotecan alone for colorectal cancer (51%). The major (grade 3 or more) adverse drug reactions were myelosuppressions such as leukopenia (23.8 and 38.3% for lone and concomitant use, respectively) thrombocytopenia (6.5 and 14.3%) and gastrointestinal tract disorders such as diarrhea (10.2 and 10.0%). CONCLUSIONS: It was reconfirmed that the incidences of serious leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and diarrhea were high among the patients with contraindication or careful administration of its use prescribed in the drug package insert. Therefore, for proper use of irinotecan, it is important to discriminate the patient on the basis of risk status.