A novel approach for designing hands-on training programs using Quick Reference code-linked videos.

Providing training on the proper use of technology in the context of a large number of learners and limited faculty availability is a constant challenge to dental schools. We found the implementation of a QR-code-based autonomous program design to be efficient and effective at providing trainees hands-on training with newly installed perioperative equipment.

Cigarette smoking exposure disrupts the regenerative potential of dental pulp stem cells.

INTRODUCTION: Smoking is known to alter the regenerative and immunomodulatory properties of many types of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This study investigates the impact of cigarette smoke exposure on the regenerative potential of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). METHODS: DPSCs were treated with various doses of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) or nicotine. Cell proliferation and survival were evaluated by a water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and a survival assay. DPSC migration, cytokine expression, mutagenesis, and the signaling pathway were also measured during CSC and nicotine treatment. RESULTS: Low concentrations of CSC and nicotine did not impair cell proliferation, but higher concentrations reduced cell proliferation. CSC and nicotine could impede DPSC survival and migration in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the cytokine secretion expression profile was altered with CSC or nicotine treatments. In particular, secretion of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 significantly increased, while TGF-ß1 levels showed different patterns after exposure to CSC or nicotine, as shown by ELISA and quantitative PCR. Nicotine treatment increased AKT (also known as protein kinase B) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Finally, CSC induced higher levels of mutagenicity than nicotine, as shown by the Ames test. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that cigarette smoke exposure alters the regenerative abilities of DPSCs in various ways. Future studies are warranted to further characterize the underlying molecular mechanisms of smoking-mediated damage to DPSCs, which will guide the personalized stem cell treatment plan for smoking patients.

Oral Viral Infections: Diagnosis and Management.

This article focuses on common viral infections in the oral cavity with associated systemic manifestations. Discussed are the clinical features, histopathology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of viral infections in oral cavity. This will be a useful aid for general practitioners and other dental personnel wanting to expand their pathologic knowledge. This article discusses herpes simplex, varicella zoster, mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus, enteroviruses, rubeola, rubella, mumps, and human papillomavirus. After reviewing this topic, the dentist or hygienist will minimally be competent to diagnose the appropriate oral cavity viral infectious diseases and help patients get the appropriate care they need.