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1.
Nature ; 380(6570): 159-62, 1996 Mar 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8600390

RESUMO

Spermiogenesis is a complex process by which postmeiotic male germ cells differentiate into mature spermatozoa. This process involves remarkable structural and biochemical changes including nuclear DNA compaction and acrosome formation. Transcription activator CREM (cyclic AMP-responsive element modulator) is highly expressed in postmeiotic cells, and CREM may be responsible for the activation of several haploid germ cell-specific genes involved in the structuring of the spermatozoon. The specific role of CREM in spermiogenesis was addressed using CREM-mutant mice generated by homologous recombination. Analysis of the seminiferous epithelium in mutant male mice reveals postmeiotic arrest at the first step of spermiogenesis. Late spermatids are completely absent, and there is a significant increase in apoptotic germ cells. We show that CREM deficiency results in the lack of postmeiotic cell-specific gene expression. The complete lack of spermatozoa in the mutant mice is reminiscent of cases of human infertility.


Assuntos
Apoptose , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/fisiologia , Proteínas Repressoras , Espermatogênese , Espermatozoides/citologia , Animais , Modulador de Elemento de Resposta do AMP Cíclico , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Feminino , Fertilidade/genética , Fertilidade/fisiologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Mutagênese Insercional , Proteínas/genética , Contagem de Espermatozoides , Espermatozoides/metabolismo
3.
Cell Growth Differ ; 4(11): 931-7, 1993 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7916662

RESUMO

The CREM (cyclic AMP-responsive element modulator) gene encodes multiple regulators of the cyclic AMP transcriptional response. CREM expression has been linked with several key physiological aspects of neuroendocrine pathways. We investigated the conservation of CREM during evolution. Here, we show conservation of CREM sequences in the pig, humans, the chicken, the lemur, and Xenopus. We have also determined the chromosomal localization of the CREM and CREB genes both in the mouse and in humans. We cloned the full human CREM complementary DNA sequence and demonstrate that it has a high degree of sequence identity with the mouse gene. Finally, we show the conservation of CREM cyclic AMP transcriptional inducibility in humans and establish that the induced transcripts correspond to the mouse ICER products.


Assuntos
Sequência Conservada , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Evolução Biológica , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Modulador de Elemento de Resposta do AMP Cíclico , Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico/química , Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/química , Feminino , Genes Reguladores , Humanos , Hibridização In Situ , Masculino , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Proteínas Repressoras/química , Homologia de Sequência , Transdução de Sinais/genética
5.
J Biol Chem ; 267(31): 22460-6, 1992 Nov 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1429597

RESUMO

The proteins Fos and Jun dimerize to constitute the transcription factor AP-1 which is known to respond to treatment with phorbol esters. AP-1 binds to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-responsive elements (TREs) palindromic sequences. cAMP-responsive elements (CREs) are very similar to TREs and CRE-binding proteins are similar in structure to Fos and Jun. Thus, the two main signal transduction pathways have closely related nuclear effectors which could possibly overlap and/or cross-talk. The gene CRE modulator (CREM) encodes both antagonists and an activator of the cAMP transcriptional response by alternative splicing. In this report we show that CREM antagonists are able to block the transcriptional activation elicited by c-Jun. The mechanism by which this repression is obtained does not require heterodimerization between CREM and the Fos and/or Jun proteins. In contrast, we show that both CREM and CRE-binding proteins (CREB) are able to bind TREs and therefore compete with c-Jun for this site. Removal of the phosphorylation domain in CREM does not affect the down-regulatory function. We also show that c-Fos does not affect the inhibitory function of CREM on c-Jun and that the transcriptional activation elicited by the other members of the jun family (JunB, JunD, and v-Jun) is also down-regulated by CREM.


Assuntos
Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-jun/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Sequência de Bases , Sítios de Ligação , Ligação Competitiva , Modulador de Elemento de Resposta do AMP Cíclico , Técnicas In Vitro , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Oligodesoxirribonucleotídeos/química , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Ativação Transcricional
6.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 89(10): 4226-30, 1992 May 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1584756

RESUMO

The cAMP-responsive-element modulator (CREM) gene encodes both antagonists (CREM alpha/beta/gamma) and an activator (CREM tau) of cAMP-responsive transcription by alternative splicing. In adult mouse brain a predominant 21-kDa protein, not corresponding to any previously characterized transcript, is detected with specific CREM antibodies. A developmental switch occurs in brain as expression changes at birth from CREM alpha/beta to the 21-kDa protein. We show that the 21-kDa protein corresponds to S-CREM (short CREM), a protein produced by the use of an internal AUG initiation codon in the CREM tau transcript. S-CREM shares with the other CREM proteins the basic DNA-binding and leucine-zipper dimerization domain. S-CREM functions as a transcriptional repressor of cAMP-induced transcription. Thus, two proteins with opposite functions are generated by alternative translation using two AUG codons within the same reading frame.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Genes Reguladores , Splicing de RNA , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Transcrição Gênica , Animais , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Linhagem Celular , Cloranfenicol O-Acetiltransferase/genética , Cloranfenicol O-Acetiltransferase/metabolismo , Deleção Cromossômica , Códon , Modulador de Elemento de Resposta do AMP Cíclico , Vetores Genéticos , Camundongos , Proteínas Repressoras , Transfecção
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