[Cases of atypical pulmonary diseases under influence of industrial aerosols].

The article includes discharge epicrises of patients working in contact with quartz-containing dust, welding aerosol, cotton dust, irritant gases emitted in wood burning. Description covers cases of lung fibrosis, idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, systemic vasculitis with lungs involvement, sarcoidosis. The authors suggest that further accumulation of materials, further investigations of lung tissue state, epidemiologic studies will help to widen the list of occupational pulmonary diseases.

[Endolaryngeal laser-assisted microsurgery of benign pharyngeal neoplasms: objective evaluation of functional outcome].

A new technique for endolaryngeal microsurgery is proposed. It based on the irradiation of benign laryngeal tumours using Ho:YAG and potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) lasers. A total of 198 patients of either sex aged from 2 to 77 years with a variety of benign laryngeal neoplasms were treated by this method between 2004 and 2007. Its application allowed the results of the treatment to be optimized as confirmed by the statistically significant improvement of the external respiration function, acoustic characteristics of the voice, and positive dynamics of laryngeal endoscopic imaging data.

[Therapeutic exercise in combined treatment of patients with laryngo- and tracheostenosis].

It is shown that staged individual special respiratory exercises targeted at nervous-muscular apparatus of the pharynx and trachea improve external respiration function, activate blood flow and venous-lymphatic outflow in the neck area with stimulation of reparative processes in combined postoperative treatment of patients with cicatricial stenoses of the pharynx and trachea.

[Ventilatory and gas exchange functions of the lungs in occupational and other pulmonary diseases].

AIM: To study lung ventilation and gas exchange in interstitional and obstructive diseases of dust-induced and non-occupational origin for correction of pulmonary diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Diffuse lung capacity (Erich Jaeger unit) and biomechanical properties of the ventilation system (total plethysmography on the bodyplethysmograph made by Erich Jaeger) were investigated in 132 patients including 87 with occupational dust-induced pulmonary diseases (pneumoconiosis, dust bronchitis, exogenic allergic alveolitis, bronchial asthma) and 45 patients with non-occupational diseases: sarcoidosis (n = 28), exogenic allergic alveolitis (n = 10) and bronchial asthma (n = 7). RESULTS: The changes were of the same type but different severity. Diffuse capacity was subnormal in all the groups, most of all in patients with exogenic allergic alveolitis and sarcoidosis of stage 2-4. In patients with occupational diseases DLCO was reduced, residual volume, total lung capacity were elevated, they had hypoxemia. CONCLUSION: The changes in patients with dust-induced diseases of the lungs may be interpreted primarily as disorders of distribution, imbalance between ventilation and perfusion. Diffusion disorders in patients with alveolitis and sarcoidosis correlated with changes in alveolar-capillary membrane.

[Markers of asbestos exposure in workers].

Examination covered 213 workers of asbestos technical ware plant. Standard X-ray examination no pulmonary and pleural changes were revealed. External respiration studies demonstrated moderate ventilation disorders in half of the examinees: in hardware workshop workers--restrictive type disorders, in autofriction components workshop workers--obstructive type ones with hyperventilation. Lower diffusing lung capacity in one-third of the workers in one of two autofriction components workshops proves most likely distributive disorders. Moderately increased serum alveolar mucin 3EG5 in 20% of the examinees could be a predictive criterion of slow formation of chisotyle pulmonary fibrosis.

[Advantages of periodic medical examinations of asbestos plant workers at the Occupational Center]. / Preimushchestva provedeniia periodicheskogo meditsinskogo ostmotra rabochikh asbestovogo zavoda v usloviiakh proftsentra.

The article deals with results of periodic medical examination conducted in Regional Occupational Center MONICI for 90 subjects working in apparatus workshop of asbestos ware plant. Data presented are results of thorough evaluation of respiration biomechanics through electronic spirometry and body plethysmography, serum activity of interstitial alveolomucin 3EG5 and oncologic markers CA-125 and CA-15.3.

[Individual patient sensitivity to glucocorticoids and hormone resistance in bronchial asthma]. / Individual'naia chuvstvitel'nost' bol'nykh k gliukokortikoidam i gormonorezistentnost' pri bronkhial'noi astme.

The paper reports glucocorticoid actions in bronchial asthma, covers problems of individual sensitivity to glucocorticoids and resistance to hormones, illustrates the dependence of beclometasone dipropionate efficacy on condition of glucocorticoid receptors in alveolar macrophages and clinical appearance of the disease, describes physiological features of patients with hormone-resistant bronchial asthma and its new treatment (extracorporeal photohemotherapy) allowing reduction of prednisolone dose in 14 of 15 patients from 29.6 to 11.4 mg/day, on the average.