Long-Term Consequences of COVID-19 in Predominantly Immunonaive Patients: A Canadian Prospective Population-Based Study.

Background: Lingering symptoms are frequently reported after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, a condition known as post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). The duration and severity of PCC in immunologically naïve persons remain unclear. Furthermore, the long-term consequences of these chronic symptoms on work and mental health are poorly documented. Objective: To determine the outcome, the risk factors, and the impact on work and mental health associated with post-COVID-19 symptoms. Methods: This prospective population-based study assessed acute COVID-19 symptoms and their evolution for up to nine months following infection. Individuals aged 18 years and older with COVID-19 in three Canadian regions between 1 November 2020 and 31 May 2021 were recruited. Participants completed a questionnaire that was either administered by trained student investigators over the phone or self-administered online. Results: A total of 1349 participants with a mean age of 46.6 ± 16.0 years completed the questionnaire. Participants were mostly unvaccinated at the time of their COVID-19 episode (86.9%). Six hundred and twenty-two participants (48.0%) exhibited one symptom or more, at least three months post-COVID-19. Among participants with PCC, 23.0% to 37.8% experienced fatigue at the time of survey. Moreover, 6.1% expressed psychological distress. Risk factors for PCC and fatigue included female sex (OR = 1.996), higher number of symptoms (OR = 1.292), higher severity of episode (OR = 3.831), and having a mental health condition prior to the COVID-19 episode (OR = 5.155). Conclusions: In this multicenter cohort study, almost half (47%) of the participants reported persistent symptoms >3 months after acute infection. Baseline risk factors for PCC include female sex, number and severity of symptoms during acute infection, and a previous diagnosis of mental health disorder. Having PCC negatively impacted health-related quality of life and these patients were more likely to exhibit psychological distress, as well as fatigue.

Congenital Paraduodenal Hernia: A Case Report

Paraduodenal hernia is a rare congenital anomaly that arises from an alteration in the midgut rotation during embryogenesis. Consequently, the small intestine becomes trapped in a sac of the posterior mesentery of the colon. This entity can compromise the intestinal segment's viability and the patient's life. Its diagnosis is difficult, rarely suspected, and often confused with other causes of abdominal pain. We present the case of a 29-year-old male patient with a documented paraduodenal hernia during surgery, its correction, and follow-up, in which no complications were reported.

La hernia paraduodenal es una anomalía congénita poco frecuente que surge de una alteración en la rotación del intestino medio durante la embriogénesis. En consecuencia, el intestino delgado queda atrapado en un saco del mesenterio colónico posterior. Dicha entidad puede comprometer la viabilidad del segmento intestinal y la vida del paciente. Su diagnóstico es difícil, pocas veces sospechado y muchas veces confundido con otras causas de dolor abdominal. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 29 años con una hernia paraduodenal documentada durante la cirugía, su corrección y seguimiento, en el cual no se documentaron complicaciones.

Tratamiento mínimamente invasivo del síndrome de Wilkie / Minimally invasive management of Wilkie´s syndrome

Introducción. La compresión de la tercera porción del duodeno debido a la formación de un ángulo inadecuado de la unión aortomesentérica, se configura como el síndrome de arteria mesentérica superior o síndrome de Wilkie. Se trata de una entidad rara, de modo que es escaso su reporte en la literatura y poco aplicado su manejo quirúrgico mínimamente invasivo. Materiales y métodos. Se hace una revisión no sistemática de la literatura y posteriormente se expone el caso de un paciente con síndrome de Wilkie. Se muestran las imágenes de tomografías y un vídeo del procedimiento quirúrgico al que fue sometido. Discusión. El tratamiento quirúrgico del síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior es el último recurso que se ofrece en pacientes con esta entidad. La duodenoyeyunostomía es el procedimiento con mejor evidencia en pacientes con compromiso severo del estado nutricional. Se describen los puntos esenciales de esta técnica utilizada en el caso que se reporta. Conclusiones. Cualquier entidad que cause la disminución del paquete graso entre la arteria mesentérica superior y la aorta puede causar síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior. El diagnóstico es de exclusión y constituye un reto para el equipo médico. El tratamiento inicial es conservador, en tanto que la última opción es el manejo quirúrgico, idealmente por vía laparoscópica. Dentro de las técnicas mínimamente invasivas, la duodenoyeyunostomía es una buena herramienta

Introduction: Compression of the third portion of the duodenum due to an inappropriate angle of the aortamesenteric junction is known as the superior mesenteric artery syndrome or Wilkie's syndrome. A rare entity, reason why the reports in the literature are scarce and the minimally invasive surgical management is scarcely used. Materials and methods: A non-systematic review of the literature was carried out, and the case of a patient with Wilkie's syndrome is reported. The images, tomographies and a video of the surgical procedure are presented.Discussion: The surgical management of the superior mesenteric artery syndrome is the ultimate management to be offered in patients with this entity. Duodenojejunostomy is the procedure with the best evidence to be offered to patients with severe malnutrition. The essential points of this technique, used for the case reported, are described. Conclusions: Any entity that causes the reduction of the fatty pack between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta can cause superior mesenteric artery syndrome. The diagnosis is made by exclusion and constitutes a challenge for the medical team. The initial treatment is conservative, and the last option is the surgical management, ideally laparoscopic; among the minimally invasive techniques, duodenojejunostomy is a good tool

Manifestaciones dermatológicas en pacientes con VIH: seguimiento en 349 pacientes / Dermatologic manifestations in HIV-positive patients: follow up of 349 patients

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los pacientes VIH positivos presentan frecuentes y variadas manifestaciones dermatológicas, que tienden a ser más graves y con formas de presentación atípicas, lo cual dificulta su diagnóstico y tratamiento. OBJETIVOS: Describir las manifestaciones dermatológicas que presentó un grupo de pacientes VIH positivos que asistieó a un programa ambulatorio de VIH/sida de la ciudad de Medellín. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, de cohorte, prospectivo, con análisis porcentual, en el cual se recolectó información (previo consentimiento informado) acerca de las características clínicas de las diferentes manifestaciones dermatológicas de un grupo de pacientes VIH positivos que asistieron a un programa ambulatorio de VIH/sida en la ciudad de Medellín durante un período de cuatro años. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 349 pacientes VIH positivos, en los cuales predominó el sexo masculino; el promedio de edad fue de 38 años; el 70% estaban recibiendo HAART y el promedio de CD4 fue de 274/ml. Se diagnosticaron 863 problemas dermatológicos. Se incluyeron 256 infecciones virales, principalmente por virus del papiloma humano (HPV), 255 infecciones fúngicas (candidiasis y tiñas), 35 infecciones bacterianas, principalmente sífilis y 26 infecciones parasitarias (escabiosis). Adicionalmente se encontraron otra serie de entidades dermatológicas no infecciosas como dermatitis seborreica, xerosis, melasma y toxicodermias. CONCLUSIONES: Las manifestaciones dermatológicas de las diferentes entidades que afectan a los pacientes VIH positivos son altamente prevalentes, siendo su presentación y gravedad muy variadas.

El control de la diabetes mellitus y sus complicaciones en Medellín, Colombia, 2001-2003 / Controlling diabetes mellitus and its complications in Medellín, Colombia, 2001-2003

OBJETIVOS: Identificar las principales características sociodemográficas, clínicas y conductuales de los pacientes que participaban en los programas de atención al diabético en Medellín, Colombia, y evaluar el cumplimiento de las metas de control metabólico y de los estándares de control en el diabético. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal mediante el análisis de las historias clínicas de todos los pacientes que asistían a los programas de atención al diabético desde al menos 6 meses en nueve instituciones de salud entre enero de 2001 y diciembre de 2003. Se tomaron datos sociodemográficos (edad y sexo), clínicos (tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad, tipo y tratamiento de la diabetes y enfermedades concurrentes y su tratamiento), sobre los hábitos de vida (práctica de ejercicios físicos, hábito de fumar y consumo de azúcar y grasas) y sobre las complicaciones crónicas y los resultados de las pruebas de laboratorio del último año. Todos los datos confusos o faltantes se registraron como ausentes. RESULTADOS: De las 3 583 historias clínicas evaluadas, se logró conocer el tipo de diabetes que padecían 3 554 pacientes, de ellos 95,1 por ciento correspondieron a pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. En general, 56,9 por ciento (intervalo de confianza de 95 por ciento [IC95 por ciento]: 55,2 a 58,6 por ciento) de los pacientes realizaban ejercicios periódicos; 15,1 por ciento (IC95 por ciento: 13,9 a 16,3 por ciento) aún fumaba en el momento del corte, 17,7 por ciento (IC95 por ciento: 16,4 a 19,0 por ciento) había dejado de fumar y 67,2 por ciento (IC95 por ciento: 65,6 a 68,8 por ciento) nunca había fumado. En total, 21,0 por ciento (IC95 por ciento: 19,6 a 22,5 por ciento) de los pacientes consumía azúcar regularmente, mientras 24,8 por ciento (IC95 por ciento: 23,3 a 26,3 por ciento) consumía grasas y solo 19,5 por ciento (IC95 por ciento: 17,8 a 21,3 por ciento) realizaba automonitoreo de la glucemia con una frecuencia semanal...

OBJECTIVES: To identify the principal sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics of patients participating in diabetic care programs in the city of Medellín, Colombia, and to evaluate progress toward the goal of metabolic control and diabetic care standards. METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was done, analyzing the clinical records of patients who had been participating for at least 6 months in the diabetic care programs of nine health care centers in Medellín. The study period ran from January 2001 to December 2003. The following data were collected: sociodemographic (age and sex), clinical (time since disease onset, diabetes type and treatment, and concurrent illnesses and their treatment), lifestyle habits (exercise routine, smoking, and sugar and fat consumption), chronic complications, and laboratory test results from the prior year. Questionable or missing data were categorized as unavailable. RESULTS: Of the 3 583 clinical histories evaluated, we were able to confirm the form of diabetes for 3 554 patients. Of those 3 554, 95.1 percent had type 2 diabetes. Overall, 56.9 percent (95 percent confidence interval (95 percent CI): 55.2 percent to 58.6 percent) of the patients exercised regularly, 15.1 percent (95 percent CI: 13.9 percent to 16.3 percent) were current smokers, 17.7 percent (95 percent CI: 16.4 percent to 19.0 percent) were former smokers, and 67.2 percent (95 percent CI: 65.6 percent to 68.8 percent) had never smoked. In all, 21.0 percent (95 percent CI: 19.6 percent to 22.5 percent) of the patients consumed sugar regularly, while 24.8 percent (95 percent CI: 23.3 percent to 26.3 percent) consumed fats and only 19.5 percent (95 percent CI: 17.8 percent to 21.3 percent) were self-monitoring their glucose levels at least weekly. Among the type 2 diabetics, 68.8 percent had high blood pressure, and 98.2 percent had dyslipidemia. The average body mass index was 28.0 kg/m² (95 percent CI: 27.8 to...

[Controlling diabetes mellitus and its complications in Medellín, Colombia, 2001-2003]. / El control de la diabetes mellitus y sus complicaciones en Medellín, Colombia, 2001-2003.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the principal sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics of patients participating in diabetic care programs in the city of Medellín, Colombia, and to evaluate progress toward the goal of metabolic control and diabetic care standards. METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was done, analyzing the clinical records of patients who had been participating for at least 6 months in the diabetic care programs of nine health care centers in Medellín. The study period ran from January 2001 to December 2003. The following data were collected: sociodemographic (age and sex), clinical (time since disease onset, diabetes type and treatment, and concurrent illnesses and their treatment), lifestyle habits (exercise routine, smoking, and sugar and fat consumption), chronic complications, and laboratory test results from the prior year. Questionable or missing data were categorized as unavailable. RESULTS: Of the 3 583 clinical histories evaluated, we were able to confirm the form of diabetes for 3 554 patients. Of those 3 554, 95.1% had type 2 diabetes. Overall, 56.9% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 55.2% to 58.6%) of the patients exercised regularly, 15.1% (95% CI: 13.9% to 16.3%) were current smokers, 17.7% (95% CI: 16.4% to 19.0%) were former smokers, and 67.2% (95% CI: 65.6% to 68.8%) had never smoked. In all, 21.0% (95% CI: 19.6% to 22.5%) of the patients consumed sugar regularly, while 24.8% (95% CI: 23.3% to 26.3%) consumed fats and only 19.5% (95% CI: 17.8% to 21.3%) were self-monitoring their glucose levels at least weekly. Among the type 2 diabetics, 68.8% had high blood pressure, and 98.2% had dyslipidemia. The average body mass index was 28.0 kg/m(2) (95% CI: 27.8 to 28.2). The average number of medications that the patients were taking to treat type 2 diabetes was 1.3; to treat high blood pressure, 1.9; and to treat dyslipidemia, 0.6. There were no data on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in 44.8% of the clinical records, and no data on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in 16.4% of the records. Among the complications, the most common were ocular ones (31.8%; 95% CI: 30.1% to 33.5%), followed by renal ones (25.9%; 95% CI: 24.4% to 27.5%), and cardiovascular ones (22.5%; 95% CI: 21.1% to 23.8%). Cholesterol control achievement was inadequate for LDL (reached by only 14.2% of the patients), for triglycerides (36.9% of patients), and HDL (47.4% of patients). CONCLUSIONS: Among the study population in Medellín, the three chronic complications with the greatest impact on prognosis and health care costs of the diabetics were nephropathy, retinopathy, and dyslipidemia. The noticeable amount of unavailable data in the clinical records could be greatly reduced by standardizing the clinical record forms and by periodic quality checks of the records themselves.