[Demonstration of a new safe incision for acetabular fractures on cadaveric samples]. / Descripción en cadáver de nueva incisión segura para osteosíntesis de fractura de acetábulo.

BACKGROUND: acetabular fractures are very complex due to their fracture pattern, localization and surrounding anatomical structures. The aim was to demonstrate a safe anatomical corridor that allows a safe osteosynthesis in cadaveric specimens. METHODS: adult cadaveric specimens of any sex were used. A vertical 7 cm incision was made in the union of the second and medial third of a traced line from anterior-upper iliac spine to pubis tubercle. Dissection is done to reach the peritoneum and identification of iliopectineal line and all structures for development an acetabular osteosynthesis were evaluated. RESULTS: in 7 cadavers, 6 were male, the incision was performed bilaterally identifying all necessary structures to make acetabular osteosynthesis. In any case an important anatomical structure were founded thorough the incision. Suprapectineal and infrapectineal plates could be placed without structural damage. CONCLUSIONS: it is possible to perform acetabular osteosynthesis using this incision representing a safe anatomical corridor with lower iatrogenic damage.

Treatment of distal humeral fractures using conventional implants. Biomechanical evaluation of a new implant configuration.

BACKGROUND: In the face of costly fixation hardware with varying performance for treatment of distal humeral fractures, a novel technique (U-Frame) is proposed using conventional implants in a 180 degrees plate arrangement. In this in-vitro study the biomechanical stability of this method was compared with the established technique which utilizes angular stable locking compression plates (LCP) in a 90 degrees configuration. METHODS: An unstable distal 3-part fracture (AO 13-C2.3) was created in eight pairs of human cadaveric humeri. All bone pairs were operated with either the "Frame" technique, where two parallel plates are distally interconnected, or with the LCP technique. The specimens were cyclically loaded in simulated flexion and extension of the arm until failure of the construct occurred. Motion of all fragments was tracked by means of optical motion capturing. Construct stiffness and cycles to failure were identified for all specimens. RESULTS: Compared to the LCP constructs, the "Frame" technique revealed significant higher construct stiffness in extension of the arm (P = 0.01). The stiffness in flexion was not significantly different (P = 0.16). Number of cycles to failure was found significantly larger for the "Frame" technique (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In an in-vitro context the proposed method offers enhanced biomechanical stability and at the same time significantly reduces implant costs.

Benign fibrous histiocytoma of the posterior arch of C1 in a 6-year-old boy: a case report.

STUDY DESIGN: Presented is a unique case report of a rare bone tumor: a benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH) located in the posterior arch of C1 in a 6-year-old child. OBJECTIVE: To describe a benign fibrous histiocytoma of bone and the differential diagnostic considerations based on the authors' case report. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: A BFH is a rare tumor composed of varying degree of fibroblast-like spindle cells, foam cells, and multinucleated giant cells. Approximately 86 cases have been reported in literature. Its exact nature remains somewhat controversial. A lesion may be designated a benign fibrous histiocytoma based on clinical, radiographic, and microscopic criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical symptoms, plain radiographs, computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance images (MRI), bone scintigraphy, and histologic section of the lesion are discussed, evaluated, and compared with other benign bone lesions. RESULTS: This case is, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the first benign fibrous histiocytoma to be reported in the cervical spine of a child. Various benign lesions such as nonossifying fibroma, giant-cell tumor, fibrous dysplasia, aneurysmal bone cyst, osteoblastoma, and eosinophilic granuloma are included in the differential diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Benign fibrous histiocytoma is a rare skeletal tumor. Because of this and its nonpathognomonic microscopic features, the diagnosis can be somewhat troublesome. However, by systematically reviewing patient's symptoms, tumor location, and radiographic and microscopic characteristics, other benign lesions can be eliminated. The diagnosis of a BFH is one of exclusion.

Enfermedad de Moya Moya / Moya Moya disease

Introducción.La enfermedad de Moya Moya(EM)es una vasculopatía oclusiva cerebral progresiva cuyo diagnóstico se realiza por arteriografía digital.Material y Métodos:Evaluación retrospectiva de las historias clínicas de cuatro mujeres y un varón con diagnóstico de EM evaluados en 1987-1996.Resultados:En cuatro niños se inició con episodios de hemiparesia transitoria en uno,con convulsiones parciales a una edad promedio de 2,5 años(rango 1-6 años).Los estudios tomográficos mostraron imágenes hipodensas compatibles con accidente cerebrovascular isquémico.La arteriografía mostró en todos los pacientes imágenes características de EM.Cuatro pacientes tuvieron un seguimiento promedio de 4,2 años(r:2 y 9 años).Todos padecen un severo compromiso motor,tres retardo mental y uno epilepsia de difícil control.A dos pacientes se les realizó tratamiento quirúrgico(encefalodurosinangiosis),falleciendo uno en el posoperatorio inmediato y el restante no reiteró episodios isquémicos en un lapso de observación de 2 años.Conclusiones:La evolución natural de la EM es progresiva,con deterioro neurológico debido a repetidos episodios isquémicos.Actualmente,el tratamiento quirúrgico sería el más apropiado.Sería conveniente que un equipo multidisciplinario evalúe el momento y método terapéutico adecuado

Causas determinantes del fracaso en la reducción quirúrgica de la sindesmosis / Causes for failure of treatment in reduction of the instability of tibio-fibular syndesmosis

El presente es un estudio prospectivo, transversal y descriptivo, en el cual se reintervinieron quirúrgicamante a 35 pacientes que presentaban fracturas trans o suprasindesmales del tobillo, operado por otro médico en el Servicio de Urgencias. El motivo de la reintervención fue que en 17 pacientes se encontró abierta la sindesmosis, en el control radiográfico postoperatorio, de acuerdo con la medición de la línea clara de Chaput (Merle D'Aubigné) y de los 18 pacientes en que se observa cerrada la sindesmosis, en 11, la incisión era demasiado alta y corta para revisarla, en cuatro no se mencionaba revisión, en dos se observaba avulsión del tubérculo de Chaput y en el paciente faltante, se mencionó integridad del ligamanto anterior de la sindesmosis, a pesar de ser una fractura suprasindesmal. Durante la reintervención, sólo en cinco pacientes se encontró realmente reparado el ligamento anterior de la sindesmosis y en cuatro de los pacientes en que se mencionaba integridad de la sindesmosis, se colocó tornillo de situación. En 15 se encontró interposición ligamentaria entre tibia y peroné. En 33 de los 35 pacientes, se logró restaurar la congruencia articular adecuadamente en la reintervención. Se concluyó que las principales causas para el fracaso de la reducción quirúrgica de la sindemosis son la falta del conocimiento integral de la región del tobillo y las lesiones y la falta de experiencia adecuada