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1.
Diagnosis (Berl) ; 5(2): 71-76, 2018 Jun 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29730649

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Clinical reasoning is an essential skill in physicians, required to address the challenges of accurate patient diagnoses. The goal of the study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy in Family Medicine residents, with and without the use of a clinical decision support tool (DXplain http://www.mghlcs.org/projects/dxplain). METHODS: A total of 87 first-year Family Medicine residents, training at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) Postgraduate Studies Division in Mexico City, participated voluntarily in the study. They were randomized to a control group and an intervention group that used DXplain. Both groups solved 30 clinical diagnosis cases (internal medicine, pediatrics, gynecology and emergency medicine) in a multiple-choice question test that had validity evidence. RESULTS: The percent-correct score in the Diagnosis Test in the control group (44 residents) was 74.1±9.4 (mean±standard deviation) whereas the DXplain intervention group (43 residents) had a score of 82.4±8.5 (p<0.001). There were significant differences in the four knowledge content areas of the test. CONCLUSIONS: Family Medicine residents have appropriate diagnostic accuracy that can improve with the use of DXplain. This could help decrease diagnostic errors, improve patient safety and the quality of medical practice. The use of clinical decision support systems could be useful in educational interventions and medical practice.


Assuntos
Sistemas de Apoio a Decisões Clínicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Diagnóstico , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/educação , Internato e Residência , Adulto , Competência Clínica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México
2.
Educ. med. super ; 31(4): 1-17, oct.-dic. 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-953114

RESUMO

Introducción: la reprobación es una de las principales manifestaciones de fracaso escolar, generalmente suele ser relacionada con factores de origen personal, económico, social, cultural, docente o institucional. En otros términos, la reprobación debe ser analizada en un contexto multivariado para identificar sus causas y efectos. Objetivos: identificar los factores que se asocian y predicen la reprobación en alumnos de la carrera de Medicina en 2014. Métodos: estudio exploratorio, transversal, retrospectivo, comparativo. Se analizó un universo de 388 alumnos en servicio social de enero de 2014. Se formaron dos grupos de estudio: Grupo 1 (alumnos que no reprobaron materias durante la carrera) y Grupo 2 (alumnos que sí reprobaron materias durante la carrera). Se elaboró y validó un cuestionario con 58 items relacionadas con: factores sociodemográficos, educativos, de satisfacción de los alumnos y desarrollo de servicio social. De estas, fueron seleccionadas 21 items que pudieran tener relación con la reprobación. Se realizó análisis multivariado, mediante la técnica de análisis discriminante.Resultados: el análisis multivariado reportó que sólo siete de ellas fueron discriminantes significativas asociadas a la reprobación, en orden de importancia son: la edad, ser seleccionado a la residencia, ingreso familiar, sexo, repetición de años durante la primaria o secundaria, años que tardó en ingresar a la carrera y el tipo de actividad realizada durante el servicio social. Conclusiones: la predicción de que un alumno repruebe o no materias en la licenciatura de medicina se debe a la sinergia que se produce entre las siete características mencionadas, no se deben "aislar las variables" para considerarlas predictivas por sí mismas(AU)


Introduction: Academic failure is one of the main school manifestations, usually associated with factors of personal, economic, social, cultural, educational or institutional origin. In other words, Academic failure must be analyzed in a diverse and varied context to identify its causes and effects. Objectives: To identify associated factors and predict failure in students of the medical major in 2014. Methods: Exploratory, cross-sectional, retrospective, comparative study. A universe of 388 students in social service was analyzed in January 2014. Two study groups were formed: group 1 (students who did not fail any subjects during the course) and group 2 (students who failed subjects during the course). A questionnaire was elaborated and validated, containing 58 items related to: sociodemographic and educational factors, student satisfaction and social service performance. 21 of these items were chosen as they could be associated with academic failure. A multivariate analysis was performed, using the discriminant analysis technique. Results: The multivariate analysis reported that only seven were significant discriminants associated with academic failure, arranged by importance are: age, being chosen for the residence, family income, sex, retake of academic years in primary or secondary levels, years to enter the major and the type of activity carried out during the social service. Conclusions: The prediction that a student may fail or may not fail subjects in the medical major depends on the synergy between the seven characteristics that were mentioned; the variables should not be isolated to consider them predictive by themselves(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Estudantes de Medicina , Universidades , Fracasso Acadêmico , México
3.
Gac Med Mex ; 148(3): 284-91, 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22820364

RESUMO

November 22, 1910. During the celebrations of the first one-hundred anniversary of Mexico's Independence War, the solemn reopening of the Universidad Nacional de México takes place. July 22, 1937. Mexico's president general L. Cárdenas and the rector of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, L. Chico Goerne, established an agreement by which the University would extend its function and complete its field of activity through teaching, research, and cultural services. Seventy-five years after the start of the Social Service, its regulations must be reformed to have a better law framework for his important activity. Hence, it is necessary to create a new National System of Social Service or a National Commission of Social Service which, based on general, uniform, equal and fair principles, coordinates, supervises, promotes, and structures students' Social Service for the benefit of the society and the State.


Assuntos
Serviço Social/legislação & jurisprudência , Constituição e Estatutos , México
4.
Gac Med Mex ; 144(3): 189-97, 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18714586

RESUMO

Medical training curricula is a constantly evolving field. The objective of the present study is to analyze the changes the field has undergone. Our sources of information include demographic and health surveys, surveys carried out with students and faculty members and medical school guidelines from prestigious teaching centers. We compared medical curricula offered in Mexico as well as international trends. We analyzed context requirements, current status and future trends in biological, sociomedical and clinical disciplines; research and teaching methods; adequate academic programs. We describe the state of affairs in medical teaching in Mexico and the challenges that academic programs are currently facing. We propose a curricula with horizontal and vertical planning according to skills and competences that focus on health problems to foster scientific reasoning. Teaching strategies that are student-focused and foster significant/long-lasting learning. We suggest the need to include early clinical activities, communication skills and training in technological resources. Finally, there is a need to define a teaching profile that is consistent with training programs, to include experts in technology and modern teaching methods in order to establish permanent monitoring mechanisms, and to offer incentives to academics and administrative personnel.


Assuntos
Currículo , Educação Médica , Faculdades de Medicina , Currículo/tendências , Previsões , Guias como Assunto , México
5.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 144(3): 189-197, mayo-jun. 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-568072

RESUMO

Los planes de estudio para la formación de médicos se encuentran en continua transformación. El presente trabajo es un ejercicio para el análisis y modificación de dichos planes. Se fundamenta en información de fuentes oficiales demográficas y de salud, encuestas de opinión de alumnos y profesores, lineamientos de organismos acreditadores, así como en el análisis de la situación de la formación de médicos en México y las tendencias internacionales en la educación médica. Se analizan demandas del contexto, el estado actual y las tendencias futuras de las disciplinas biológicas, sociomédicas y clínicas, situación de la docencia e investigación, planes de estudios afines, características actuales y tendencias de la formación profesional en el país y retos que enfrentan los planes estudio. La propuesta se basa en un currículo esencial, con congruencia horizontal y vertical, por competencias fundamentadas en problemas prioritarios de salud. Propicia el razonamiento científico, estrategias educativas centradas en el alumno y aprendizaje significativo. Incorpora tempranamente actividades clínicas, habilidades de comunicación y empleo de recursos tecnológicos. Define el perfil docente y programas de formación de profesores. Integra expertos en tecnología y pedagogía modernas. Establece mecanismos de evaluación permanente y para incentivar al personal académico y administrativo.


Medical training curricula is a constantly evolving field. The objective of the present study is to analyze the changes the field has undergone. Our sources of information include demographic and health surveys, surveys carried out with students and faculty members and medical school guidelines from prestigious teaching centers. We compared medical curricula offered in Mexico as well as international trends. We analyzed context requirements, current status and future trends in biological, sociomedical and clinical disciplines; research and teaching methods; adequate academic programs. We describe the state of affairs in medical teaching in Mexico and the challenges that academic programs are currently facing. We propose a curricula with horizontal and vertical planning according to skills and competences that focus on health problems to foster scientific reasoning. Teaching strategies that are student-focused and foster significant/long-lasting learning. We suggest the need to include early clinical activities, communication skills and training in technological resources. Finally, there is a need to define a teaching profile that is consistent with training programs, to include experts in technology and modern teaching methods in order to establish permanent monitoring mechanisms, and to offer incentives to academics and administrative personnel.


Assuntos
Currículo , Educação Médica , Faculdades de Medicina , Currículo/tendências , Previsões , Guias como Assunto , México
8.
Rev. méd. IMSS ; 33(1): 107-11, ene.-feb. 1995. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-174121

RESUMO

En el presente artículo se revisan brevemente las principales características de los canales para iones en las membranas celulares, su participación en diversos eventos fisiológicos y fisiopatológicos y se muestran ciertos aspectos de importancia clínica derivados de su estudio


Assuntos
Canais de Cálcio/fisiologia , Canais de Potássio/fisiologia , Canais de Sódio/fisiologia , Receptores de Glutamato/fisiologia , Receptores de Glicina/fisiologia , Receptores de GABA/fisiologia , Canais Iônicos/fisiologia , Fibrose Cística/diagnóstico , Receptores Colinérgicos/fisiologia
10.
Rev. méd. IMSS ; 31(4): 287-91, jul.-ago. 1993. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-176968

RESUMO

El presente estudio es una investigación histórica que tuvo como propósito identificar los factores políticos, laborales y económicos que precipitaron en el año de 1953, la propuesta de un Sistema Médico Familiar en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Es reproducida una fracción de la célebre ponencia "Médico de familia" expuesta en la ciudad de Panamá en enero de 1954, en el Seminario de Seguridad Social auspiciado por la CISS y la OIT. Se concluye que en los años cincuenta, México fue escenario de un intenso debate sobre la calidad de la atención médica y la racionalización de recursos financieros en las instituciones de seguridad social; lográndose por medio de esas reflexiones, el surgimiento de un Sistema Médico Familiar, que con diversas modificaciones a través de 40 años, continúa vigente


Assuntos
Previdência Social/história , Sistemas de Saúde/organização & administração , Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/história
11.
Rev. méd. IMSS ; 31(4): 287-91, jul.-ago. 1993. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | HISA - História da Saúde | ID: his-10507

RESUMO

El presente estudio es una investigación histórica que tuvo como propósito identificar los factores políticos, laborales y económicos que precipitaron en el año de 1953, la propuesta de un Sistema Médico Familiar en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Es reproducida una fracción de la célebre ponencia "Médico de familia" expuesta en la ciudad de Panamá en enero de 1954, en el Seminario de Seguridad Social auspiciado por la CISS y la OIT. Se concluye que en los años cincuenta, México fue escenario de un intenso debate sobre la calidad de la atención médica y la racionalización de recursos financieros en las instituciones de seguridad social; lográndose por medio de esas reflexiones, el surgimiento de un Sistema Médico Familiar, que con diversas modificaciones a través de 40 años, continúa vigente(AU)


Assuntos
/história , Sistemas de Saúde/organização & administração , Medicina Geral/história , Previdência Social/história , México , Assistência Médica , Política de Saúde , Política Pública
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