Makeup calls in organizations: An application of justice to the study of bad calls.

In this article, we assess whether actors provide makeup calls as amends for their wrongdoing following bad calls. We examined these effects using organizational justice as a lens. Two archival data sets from Major League Baseball and financial analysts (Study 1 and Study 3), one experimental data set (Study 2), and one mixed-method data set from a field study (Study 4) provided evidence for the positive relationship between bad calls and makeup calls. We also found evidence for a mediating effect of guilt and a first-stage moderating effect of outcome gravity. This article contributes to the literature not only by providing insight into the experience of actors who provide unfair treatment to others but also by exploring the behavioral remedies that actors use to restore justice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Like a jar of flies? A study of self-control in an organizational social dilemma with large stakes.

We study the practice of self-control in an organizational social dilemma when the stakes are large, using 47 years of vital census data from 18th century Sweden. From 1750 to 1800, eighty percent of Sweden lived in a simple-structure organization called a bytvång or village commons. The amount of resources a village family received was a function of their size. During this period, crop failures left the population facing starvation. Using autoregressive time-series modeling, we test whether the people of Sweden continued to take steps toward increasing the stress on the commons by marrying and birthing children or practiced self-control. We find evidence that the peasantry-with little education, archaic agricultural practices, strong barriers to abortion and infanticide, and pressures by the Church and State to procreate-were less likely to marry and birth children (in or outside of wedlock) when the quality of the previous year's harvest was poor compared to when it was bounteous. Post hoc analyses support the idea that the reason behind declining fertility after a famine was human decision rather than human physiology. Our findings are consistent with the idea that human population growth is not a social dilemma called a collective trap-which has been the assumption for 50 years. Rather, human population growth may be an individual dilemma-suggesting that members of simple-structured organizations can unilaterally exercise self-control and manage resources through self-organizing.

You can't put old wine in new bottles: the effect of newcomers on coordination in groups.

A common finding in social sciences is that member change hinders group functioning and performance. However, questions remain as to why member change negatively affects group performance and what are some ways to alleviate the negative effects of member change on performance? To answer these questions we conduct an experiment in which we investigate the effect of newcomers on a group's ability to coordinate efficiently. Participants play a coordination game in a four-person group for the first part of the experiment, and then two members of the group are replaced with new participants, and the newly formed group plays the game for the second part of the experiment. Our results show that the arrival of newcomers decreases trust among group members and this decrease in trust negatively affects group performance. Knowing the performance history of the arriving newcomers mitigates the negative effect of their arrival, but only when newcomers also know the oldtimers performance history. Surprisingly, in groups that performed poorly prior to the newcomers' arrival, the distrust generated by newcomers is mainly between oldtimers about each other rather than about the newcomers.