RESUMO
The NCCN Guidelines for Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) provide recommendations for diagnostic workup, clinical stage, and treatment options for patients. The panel meets annually to discuss updates to the guidelines based on comments from expert review from panel members, institutional review, as well as submissions from within NCCN and external organizations. These NCCN Guidelines Insights focus on the introduction of a new page for locally advanced disease in the setting of clinical node negative status, entitled "Clinical N0 Disease, Locally Advanced MCC." This new algorithm page addresses locally advanced disease, and the panel clarifies the meaning behind the term "nonsurgical" by further defining locally advanced disease. In addition, the guideline includes the management of in-transit disease and updates to the systemic therapy options.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Célula de Merkel , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Humanos , Carcinoma de Célula de Merkel/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Célula de Merkel/terapia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/terapiaRESUMO
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of skin cancer in the United States. Due to the high frequency, BCC occurrences are not typically recorded, and annual rates of incidence can only be estimated. Current estimated rates are 2 million Americans affected annually, and this continues to rise. Exposure to radiation, from either sunlight or previous medical therapy, is a key player in BCC development. BCC is not as aggressive as other skin cancers because it is less likely to metastasize. However, surgery and radiation are prevalent treatment options, therefore disfigurement and limitation of function are significant considerations. The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) outline an updated risk stratification and treatment options available for BCC.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Basocelular , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Humanos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Basocelular/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Basocelular/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Basocelular/etiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/etiologia , Luz Solar , Oncologia , IncidênciaRESUMO
Although the harmful effects of smoking after a cancer diagnosis have been clearly demonstrated, many patients continue to smoke cigarettes during treatment and beyond. The NCCN Guidelines for Smoking Cessation emphasize the importance of smoking cessation in all patients with cancer and seek to establish evidence-based recommendations tailored to the unique needs and concerns of patients with cancer. The recommendations contained herein describe interventions for cessation of all combustible tobacco products (eg, cigarettes, cigars, hookah), including smokeless tobacco products. However, recommendations are based on studies of cigarette smoking. The NCCN Smoking Cessation Panel recommends that treatment plans for all patients with cancer who smoke include the following 3 tenets that should be done concurrently: (1) evidence-based motivational strategies and behavior therapy (counseling), which can be brief; (2) evidence-based pharmacotherapy; and (3) close follow-up with retreatment as needed.
Assuntos
Neoplasias , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Produtos do Tabaco , Humanos , Fumar , OncologiaRESUMO
The NCCN Guidelines for Lung Cancer Screening recommend criteria for selecting individuals for screening and provide recommendations for evaluation and follow-up of lung nodules found during initial and subsequent screening. These NCCN Guidelines Insights focus on recent updates to the NCCN Guidelines for Lung Cancer Screening.
Assuntos
Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Programas de RastreamentoRESUMO
The NCCN Guidelines for Squamous Cell Skin Cancer provide recommendations for diagnostic workup, clinical stage, and treatment options for patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. The NCCN panel meets annually to discuss updates to the guidelines based on comments from panel members and the Institutional Review, as well as submissions from within NCCN and external organizations. These NCCN Guidelines Insights focus on the introduction of a new surgical recommendation terminology (peripheral and deep en face margin assessment), as well as recent updates on topical prophylaxis, immunotherapy for regional and metastatic disease, and radiation therapy.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Células Epiteliais , Humanos , Imunoterapia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/terapiaRESUMO
Gene therapy is being considered for the delivery of therapeutic proteins. We evaluated the delivery of the hormone erythropoietin (EPO) into cynomolgus macaques through intramuscularly administered adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. As expected, the animals developed supraphysiologic levels of EPO and polycythemia. However, severe anemia ensued in some animals because of an autoimmune response to endogenous and transgene derived EPO. This is the first example of gene therapy leading to inadvertent auto-immunity in primates.