Effectiveness of an oral and pharyngeal cancer awareness program for health professionals.

BACKGROUND: Of approximately 31,000 patients diagnosed as having oral/pharyngeal cancers (OPCs) each year in the United States, about half will die of the disease within five years, for reasons associated with patient behaviors as well as delays in diagnosis by health care professionals. METHODS: To address an apparent lack of OPC knowledge of health care professionals, a brief, non-discipline-specific, multi-component educational intervention was designed and presented to 352 health care professionals in community health centers and hospital training programs. OPC knowledge was assessed before and three months after the intervention. RESULTS: A 44% post-intervention response rate was obtained. There were significant (p < or = 0.05) increases in knowledge regarding oral sites at risk for OPC, etiologic factors, and early signs and symptoms. There were significant interactions (p < or = 0.01) between increases in knowledge and various health provider groups. A significant increase in perceived competency in OPC knowledge (p < or = 0.001) was reported, and significantly fewer participants felt the need for additional training. CONCLUSION: A brief, multi-component educational intervention can increase health care professionals' knowledge regarding OPC.

Health professionals' baseline knowledge of oral/pharyngeal cancers.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate: self-perceived competency in screening for oral/pharyngeal cancers (OPCs); knowledge about their signs, symptoms, and risk factors; and percentage of patients routinely examined. METHODS: Of 352 health professionals who completed an assessment, a subgroup of 110 physicians and dental providers was identified. Thirty-three of those had advanced training (AT) related to the oral cavity and 77 were primary care physicians (PCPs). RESULTS: Only 7% of the PCPs reported examining 100% of their patients for OPCs. A greater percentage of the PCP group than the AT group felt their knowledge about OPCs was not up to date (p < 0.05) and inaccurately identified common signs and sites of early OPCs. A greater percentage (p < 0.05) of the PCP group also reported the need for additional training. CONCLUSION: These results suggest the need for OPC educational programs aimed toward health care providers without advanced training related to the oral cavity.

Morphology of azurophil lysosomes in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from humans with rapidly progressive periodontitis.

Previous investigations have shown that subjects with rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP), an early-onset aggressive form of periodontitis, have polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) with increased intracellular levels of beta-glucuronidase, a characteristic enzyme of azurophil lysosomes. The current study attempted to account for that increase. Ten healthy controls and 10 otherwise healthy subjects with RPP participated. PMNs from peripheral blood were separated, fixed and reacted for peroxidase to identify azurophil lysosomes. Using transmission electron microscopy, 20 PMNs per subject were photographed at 10,000x. Photographs were subsequently digitized and analyzed by computer. RPP PMNs had a higher percentage of the area of the cell profile occupied by azurophil lysosomes compared to control subjects' PMNs. The RPP subjects also had greater absolute numbers of azurophil lysosomes per cell. Lysosome shape was assessed visually. There were no differences between RPP and control groups for lysosome shape, with the majority of lysosomes in each group exhibiting a round or oval shape. RPP lysosomes did exhibit a significantly greater mean size.

Evaluation of attitudes--dental class of 1991: a nine-year longitudinal study.

A longitudinal sample of students at a Midwest dental school was surveyed with regard to eleven attitudes about their choice of a dental career, their feelings about dental education, and their views of the dental profession. The survey was repeated seven times for the same respondents: at freshman orientation, at the end of the first, second, third, and fourth years, two and a half years, and five years following graduation. Respondents reported being optimistic about the profession, with the exception of a consistent loss of confidence in the validity of initial licensure examinations. They also felt positive about their education; although the third year placed the most stress on their positive views.

The impact of WIC dental screenings and referrals on utilization of dental services among low-income children.

PURPOSE: This cross-sectional study examined whether referrals from nondental health professionals impacted utilization of dental services by low-income populations. METHODS: A sample of 309 mothers enrolled in the Women, Infant, and Children (WIC) clinic in Jackson County, Missouri, completed a self-administered, 32-item questionnaire to assess the mother and child's oral health behavior and past use of dental services. Dental utilization, the primary dependent variable, was defined as whether or not the child had ever been to a dentist. RESULTS: Findings showed 27% of the children in the sample had been referred for dental care. Bivariate analysis indicated that a dental referral, age of the child, age of the mother, mother's perceived dental need for the child, household size, number of children in the household, and dental insurance for the child were associated with a child having a dental visit. Logistic regression, however, indicated that only age was significantly related to utilization. CONCLUSION: The results showed a strong effect of increasing age being related to dental utilization, while additional research is needed to clarify the importance of WIC referrals.