RESUMO
The placement of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel spacer is a recently developed technique employed to reduce the radiation dose administered to the rectum during prostate radiotherapy. This procedure has been adopted by urologists and radiation oncologists involved in transperineal prostate biopsy and brachytherapy, and more recently by radiologists with experience in transperineal prostate procedures. Radiologists should be familiar with the product, which may be encountered on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Radiologists may wish to become involved in the delivery of this increasingly utilised procedure. This review familiarises radiologists with the technique and risks and benefits of the use of transperineal delivery of hydrogel spacers with imaging examples.