Effects of ciprofloxacin or co-amoxicillin with and without antidepressants on behavioral deficit in rats induced with chronic suppurative otitis media.

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is chronic infection of middle ear which is usually managed with antibiotic therapy. This infection may cause the depression and cognitive changes in patients. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of antibiotic (ciprofloxacin and co-amoxicillin) with antidepressant or without antidepressants (bromazepam and imipramine) at low doses on rats with induced with CSOM. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used to induce CSOM by in rat ear (tympanic bulla). The rats were divided into eight groups having six animals in each group. Neuropharmacological activities and gross behavior were observed in open field activity, force swimming cage, maze test, light and dark activity box and traction test. Observations were noted weekly after the administration of ciprofloxacin (15.3mg/kg), co-amoxicillin (15.3mg/kg), imipramine (1.15mg/kg) and bromazepam (0.09mg/kg) intraperitoneally. The altered behavior and depression was observed in control positive but reverted back in groups maintained on antidepressants with antibiotics with significant improved locomotor activity, memory in memory cage, muscular co-ordination and body balance and decreased anxiety. On the other hand, groups treated with only antibiotics showed significant improvement only in force swimming and traction test at day 14. Therefore, the antidepressant effects of the drugs can be employed to attenuate stress and depression in patients with CSOM.

Spectroscopic interactions of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with levocetirizine.

Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) drugs such as glibenclamide and metformin is employed to heterogeneous disorder characterized by alteration in production of glucose due to impairment of both insulin secretion and insulin action. These patients might suffer with allergic rhinitis and in this case, there is a possibility to maintain patient on levocetirizine, an anti-allergic drug commonly used in rhinitis. The object of the present study is to detect possible interaction between glibenclamide or metformin with levocetirizine Current study was performed using UV spectroscopic technique sing simultaneous equation in pH simulated to gastric juice (pH 1), pH 4, pH 7.4 and in pH 9. All drugs followed Beer Lambert's Law. Results showed that glibenclamide and metformin can increase or decrease availability of levocetirizine and in the same way levocetirizine can alter availabilities of glibenclamide and metformin in different pH. Hence, drug interaction between glibenclamide or metformin with levocetirizne occurred. This may be due to his may be due to the charge transfer or binding capabilities of these drugs which resulted in significantly changed availability of NIDDIM as well as levocetirizine. Therefore, co-administration of these drugs should be avoided and furtherinvestigations at clinical and pre-clinical levels should be done.

Hepatotoxicity induced by chronic suppurative otitis media in rats and effects of ceftazidime and amikacin on it.

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is the chronic inflammation with perforation of middle ear. If CSOM is not treated, it may cause secondary inflammation of liver with elevated liver enzymes and histological changes. Present study is aimed to observe the hepatotoxic effects due chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) in CSOM induced rats and alsoto observe the effects of ceftazidime and amikacin to attenuate hepatotoxicity due to CSOM. Liver enzyme tests and histological examinations were performed on rats divided into different groups as G1 (negative control), G2 (positive control), G3 ceftizidime (15mg/kgintraperitonelly) and G4 amikacin (15mg/kg). One-way ANOVA showed that liver enzymes were significantly increased (p=0.000 and F value 6.899) except gamma glutamic transferase in G2 (rats with CSOM without treatment) from G1 (negative control without CSOM) with histological damage of liver. These hepatotoxic effects were attenuated or recover with proper treatment with potent antibiotics (ceftazidime and amikacin). Therefore, study showed that chronic suppurative otitis media can induce hepatic toxicity including elevated liver enzymes level and inflammation, aggregation or infiltration in liver cells in rat model with reversible hepatic damage. If CSOM is treated with adult dose of ceftazidime or amikacin, it may attenuate the damage and prevent risk of liver damage.

Spectroscopic interaction studies of H2 receptor antagonists with levocetirizine.

Patients with allergic rhinitis may also suffer abdominal pain, gastritis or peptic ulcer. In this condition patient may use levocetirizine with famotidine or ranitidine. These drugs have potential to interact with another drug and form complex. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the possible drug drug interaction with each other which may cause increase or decrease of therapeutic effects. For this purpose, validity of Beer Lambert law was checked, lone availability of famotidine (20gm), ranitidine (150gm) and levocetirizine (5mg) were studied in pH simulated to gastric juice (pH 1), pH 4, pH 7.4 and in pH 9 and finally percent availabilities of these drugs were calculated with the help of simultaneous equation. Results showed high percentage of levocetirizine in all pH as 300.32%, 514.41%, 173.38% and 220.68% in presence of famotidine but very low availability of famotidine as 5.36%, 35.38%, 51.87% and 10.89% in presence of levocetirizine. In the case of levocetirizine and ranitidine interaction, zero percent levocetirizine was available at pH 1and 9, 56.28% in pH 4 and 191.1% in pH 7.4. On the other hand, ranitidine was available as 95.36%, 127.93%, 41.47% and 144.3%. These results showed that percentage of all drugs were altered in presence of each other due to drug-drug interaction. This may be due to the charge transfer binding capabilities of the drugs which resulted in significantly changed availability of famotidine, ranitidine as well as levocetirizine.