Measurement of mandibular incisive canal diameter using cone beam computed tomography.

Cone beam computed tomography was used for measuring the diameter of a Mandibular incisive canal. The dental practice can now visualize small bone structures with low dose and high spatial resolution due to the introduction of CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography). Therefore, it is of interest to measure the diameter of the MIC (Mandibular Incisive Canal) using the CBCT. Fifty CBCT scans obtained for implant placement preoperative planning were included in the study material. Observers carefully examined the CBCT data to determine the MIC's presence & position. The inner diameter of the MIC was measured by taking the longest distance between the inner cortical borders of the canal which was further analyzed using software CS3D software. The collected data were further subjected to statistical analysis. The average mean of the population was 1.7130±.5178. The average diameter of MIC in males was 1.735±.5406 and in females was 1.6800±.4934. Complications from implant surgery in the anterior mandible may be prevented by utilizing CBCT scans to analyze the smallest diameter of the MIC.

Efficacy of Laser-assisted Periodontal Therapy vs. Conventional Scaling and Root Planing.

Background: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of laser-assisted periodontal therapy (LAPT) with conventional scaling and root planing (CSRP) in the treatment of periodontal disease. The objective was to assess the outcomes of these two treatments on a sample of 30 patients in each group. Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 60 patients diagnosed with periodontal disease were divided into two groups: the LAPT group and the CSRP group, with 30 patients in each group. The LAPT group received periodontal treatment using laser therapy, while the SRP group underwent traditional SRP. The patients were evaluated for periodontal parameters, including probing depth and clinical attachment level before and after the treatments. Results: After the treatment interventions, both the LAPT group and the CSRP group showed significant improvements in periodontal health. The mean reduction in probing depth was 2.5 mm in the LAPT group and 2.2 mm in the SRP group. In addition, the clinical attachment level increased by 2.8 mm in the LAPT group and 2.5 mm in the SRP group. Statistical analysis using the paired t-test demonstrated a P-value of less than 0.05, indicating the significance of these improvements in both groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that both LAP and CSRP are effective in improving periodontal health in patients with periodontal disease.

Assessment of Potentially Malignant Disorders among Men and Women in South Bihar Population.

Oral cancer is detected in 270,000 people per annum or around 3% of all malignancies. It ranks sixth among males and twelve among females in terms of prevalence. Mostly, all oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are responsible for 92-95% of cases. Oral carcinoma starts five years before the average age of PMD patients, who range in age from 5th to 6th decade of life. Thus, the goal of this study is to identify any relevant risk factors and assess the incidence of oral possibly malignant disorders in both men and women living in rural Bhojpur District, Bihar. A cross-sectional study has been carried out at the Sadar Hospital in Bhojpur by surveying volunteers at various oral health screening and treatment camps held from January 2022 to July 2022. A pre-validated questionnaire adapted and modified from Kumar S et al. was utilized to collect data in a qualitative interview. It was discovered that (17%) of all people had an oral possibly malignant disease. OSMF was the lesion with the greatest prevalence (7%) and lichen planus having the smallest prevalence (1%). Malignancy frequently develops from oral potential malignant diseases. Diabetes and BMI were inversely related, which is expected provided the socioeconomic position.

Comparing Patient Outcomes for Teeth Treated with Traditional Root Canal Therapy Versus Pulpotomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Root canal therapy (RCT) and pulpotomy are two common treatment modalities for managing dental pulp infections, but their comparative effectiveness in terms of patient outcomes remains unclear. This root canal therapy (RCT) aimed to assess and compare patient outcomes between teeth treated with traditional RCT and pulpotomy. Materials and Methods: In this single-center RCT, a total of 120 patients presenting with symptomatic dental pulp infections were randomly assigned to either the RCT group or the pulpotomy group. The RCT group received conventional root canal treatment, which involved complete removal of infected pulp and obturation of the root canals. The pulpotomy group underwent a procedure where only the coronal pulp tissue was removed, followed by the placement of a medicament. Pain levels, infection resolution, and tooth survival were assessed at 6 months and 1 year posttreatment. Results: At the 6-month follow-up, patients in the RCT group reported significantly lower pain scores (2.5 ± 0.8) compared with the pulpotomy group (4.3 ± 1.2, P < 0.001). Infection resolution was also higher in the RCT group (92%) compared with the pulpotomy group (78%) at 6 months. Tooth survival rates at 1 year were significantly higher in the RCT group (95%) compared with the pulpotomy group (81%, P < 0.05). Conclusion: This RCT demonstrates that traditional RCT is superior to pulpotomy in terms of pain reduction, infection resolution, and tooth survival. Patients who underwent RCT experienced less pain, faster infection resolution, and better tooth survival rates compared with those who received pulpotomy. These findings support the use of RCT as the preferred treatment modality for dental pulp infections.

Dermatoglyphic Pattern Assessment in Smokeless Tobacco Users in the North Gujarat Population: A Comparative Case-Control Study.

Introduction: Dermatoglyphic patterns identify genetic conditions as they develop early in pregnancy and remain constant throughout life. Multiple studies suggest that there is a genetic link to smokeless tobacco use. So, this study has been conducted to assess dermatoglyphic patterns among smokeless tobacco users in the North Gujarat population with nonconsumers. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 cases were investigated for "ATD" angle and patterns, of which 250 subjects of smokeless tobacco are assessed for statistical significance via comparing them to 250 subjects of nonconsumers. Student's t-test was employed for evaluating quantitative factors (also known as the "ATD" angle), and the Chi-square test was used to analyze qualitative variables (also known as fingerprint patterns). A P value of 0.05 or less was considered significant. Results: In this study, the angle "ATD" was found to be reduced in both the palms of males (P 0.001) and females (P 0.001) when compared to controls, which was statistically highly significant. In our study, we discovered that the number of whorls and arches is lower in male cases as compared to male controls, which is highly significant (P = 0.020 and P = 0.010). Male cases had a greater number of loops than male controls, which was statistically significantly greater (P 0.001). Conclusion: In this latest study, an association between smokeless tobacco users and palmar dermatoglyphics was identified. Though dermatoglyphics solely is unable to identify individuals who abuse alcohol and/or cigarette packs, the results of this research could serve to further develop diagnostic guidelines.

Comparative Evaluation of CBCT and MRI in Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Disorders and their Relationship to Periodontal Health.

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are diagnostic tools frequently employed to evaluate temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, yet their comparative efficacy remains a subject of interest. In this study, we conducted a comparative evaluation of CBCT and MRI in diagnosing TMJ disorders and assessing their association with periodontal health. We recruited a sample of 100 patients presenting with TMJ symptoms and divided them into two groups. Group A underwent CBCT imaging, while Group B received MRI scans. Clinical assessments of periodontal health were performed using established periodontal indices. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and interobserver agreement were calculated for each imaging modality. In the current study, CBCT demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy (85%) compared to MRI (72%) in identifying TMJ disorders. Sensitivity and specificity for CBCT were 87% and 83%, respectively, while for MRI, sensitivity was 68%, and specificity was 76%. Interobserver agreement was substantial for CBCT (κ = 0.75) and moderate for MRI (κ = 0.56). In addition, CBCT revealed a significant correlation between TMJ disorders and periodontal health (P < 0.05), while MRI showed a weaker association (P < 0.1). We concluded from this study and suggest that CBCT is a more accurate imaging modality for diagnosing TMJ disorders compared to MRI. Moreover, CBCT provides valuable insights into the relationship between TMJ disorders and periodontal health, highlighting the importance of comprehensive dental assessments.

Correlation of Body Mass Index (BMI) with Saliva and Blood Glucose Levels in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients.

Background: To compare and correlate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and blood and salivary glucose (mean values) in patients with diabetes and non-diabetic control group patients. Materials and Methods: In the study, 100 patients were included, 50 patients each-patients with diabetes and non-diabetic control group. Each patient had their BMI measured as well as unstimulated whole saliva collected and blood drawn. Results: When compared to BMI, blood glucose (mean), and salivary glucose (mean) in healthy controls, BMI, blood glucose, and salivary glucose values in diabetic patients were considerably higher. Conclusion: Patients who have a higher BMI are more likely to develop diabetes.

Dermatoglyphic Patterns in Patients Having Impacted and Erupted Third Molars-A Comparative Study.

Background: The dermatoglyphics have been used in several researches for predicting various pathologies of oral cavity like periodontitis, dental caries, impacted teeth, mal-occlusion, developmental defects such as cleft lip and palate, and potentially malignant disorders. Impacted teeth may be associated with various pathologies such as caries, pericoronitis, dentigerous cysts, and keratocystic odontogenic tumors; therefore, predicting impacted teeth through dermatoglyphic patterns can help in diagnosis and future treatment planning of such event. Aims and Objectives: The aim and objective of the study were to evaluate and compare various dermatoglyphic patterns in the patients with the impacted maxillary and/or mandibular third molar (group 1) and patients having erupted maxillary and/or mandibular third molar (group 2). Materials and Methods: This study comprised totally 300 patients, which were divided into two groups, according to erupted or impacted maxillary and/or mandibular third molar visiting outpatient department, who fulfilled the selection criteria for the study. After a comprehensive clinical examination, dermatoglyphic patterns were recorded from the same individuals. Panoramic radiographs were taken to confirm the diagnosis. Data collected were entered in the spreadsheet and analyzed. For all tests, P value was set at <0.05 and was considered statistically significant. Result: There was statistical significance noted in frequencies of whorl pattern in patients of group 1 and loop pattern in patients of group 2. Conclusion: This study concluded that dermatoglyphic patterns can be used to assess the prevalence of impacted wisdom teeth.

Gender Determination from Maxillary Sinus using Computed Tomography Scans - A Radiographic Study.

Aims and Objective: Purpose of this research was to check the precision of gender identification using computed tomography (CT) head and neck scans and volumetric analysis of the maxillary sinus. Materials and Methods: For 50 patients (25 females and 25 males), left and right maxillary sinus scans were acquired, and linear measurements (width, length, height, and volume) were assessed. Both maxillary sinus measurements' means and standard deviations were computed and contrasted. Results: Males have been found to have considerably larger maxillary sinuses than females. Conclusion: Accurate gender determination is possible with the use of maxillary sinus.

Assessment of Serum Fucose Level among Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Serum glycoproteins, which are made up of various monosaccharides, are altered in malignancy, a disorder of cellular conduct. L-fucose, a methyl pentose that serves as the last sugar in the majority of plasma glycoproteins, is one of the monosaccharides. Numerous illness conditions and cancers have been linked to increased levels of protein-bound fucose. Materials and Methods: In the current study, the serum fucose levels of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy individuals were assessed and compared. The present study included a total of 30 OSCC patients and 30 healthy controls. The Winzler method was used to estimate the serum L-fucose levels using a spectrophotometer (Spectronic 20, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). Results: Age and sex had no effect on serum fucose levels. In contrast to healthy individuals, OSCC patients' mean serum fucose levels significantly increased. In conclusion, patients with OSCC can benefit from the use of serum fucose as an investigative biomarker.

Minimal Invasive Endodontics: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.

It is the aim of any surgical procedure to restore the tooth to its normal form and function, as well as to restore the tooth's appearance when it is appropriate to do so. One of the primary purposes of endodontic therapy is to clear out the root canal system of germs, pulpal remains, and other foreign matter. A tooth's biomechanical properties have to be compromised in order to achieve this goal; hence the tooth has a poor prognosis for restorative success. The remaining dental structure and restorations have a significant impact on the long-term viability of an endodontically treated tooth. Minimally invasive endodontics (MIE) is an endodontic technique that aims to maintain as much of the healthy coronal, cervical, and radicular tooth structure as possible. Access opening, root canal cleaning and shaping, and surgical endodontics are all possible applications for MIE in endodontic treatment. The objective of new-age endodontics is minimum intervention, and this review article examines a variety of methods that may be combined at each level of endodontics to reach this goal. A favorable outcome with minimally invasive treatment may be achieved while preserving the tooth's natural structure with careful case selection.

Evaluation of serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA) in potentially malignant disorders of oral cavity - A case control study.

BACKGROUND: Only few studies have been done to evaluate level of serum immunoglobulins (IgG,IgM,IgA) in patients with Potentially Malignant Disorders (PMD) like Leukoplakia, Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) and Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) as tumour markers. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To estimate the serum immunoglobulins level (IgG, IgM, IgA) in leukoplakia, OSMF and oral lichen planus (OLP) patients and its comparison with levels among control groups and Weather these values can be used to predict severity of disease or not. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 patients with different potentially malignant disorders like leukoplakia, OSMF and oral lichen planus and 30 healthy controls were selected at random and subjected for analysis of serum IgG, IgA, IgM. Statistical methods employed were mean, standard deviation and ANOVA test. RESULTS: We observed significant elevated levels of all the immunoglobulins in leukoplakia, OSMF and oral lichen planus when compared with the control group and levels were increasing with clinical stages of OSMF (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: All these immunoglobulins are indicative of tumour burden or transformation of malignancy in higher stage and might be employed as prognostic indicators in these disorders.

Amelogenesis imperfecta: Four case reports.

Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) represents a group of developmental conditions, genomic in origin, which affect the structure and clinical appearance of enamel of all or nearly all the teeth in a more or less equal manner. AI is a serious problem that reduces oral health-related quality of life and causes some physiological problems. We presented here four case reports of AI (Hypoplastic and Hypomaturation) which we diagnosed on the basis of classical clinical and radiographic features.

Reversal of dental fluorosis: A clinical study.

AIM: This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical reversal of dental fluorosis with various combinations of calcium, vitamin D3, and ascorbic acid, along with changes in levels of certain biochemical parameters concerned with dental fluorosis. The role of fluoride level of drinking water in the etiology of dental fluorosis and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in both dentitions and teeth were also assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total number of 50 patients with clinical features of dental fluorosis without trauma and any adverse habits were selected. Of these, in 30 co-operative patients, estimation of water fluoride level and pretreatment and post-treatment serum and urine fluoride levels were done with ion selective electrode method. The selected 30 patients were divided into three groups, that is, group A, group B, and group C, and were given various combinations of medications like calcium with vitamin D3 supplements, ascorbic acid with vitamin D3 supplements, and chlorhexidine mouthwash (placebo) for three months, respectively. These 30 patients were assessed for any change in the clinical grading of dental fluorosis. RESULTS: No change in clinical grading of dental fluorosis was noted. Considerable reduction in serum and urine fluoride levels was noted in both group A and group B patients. Dental fluorosis was noted in permanent teeth more commonly than deciduous teeth, and permanent maxillary central incisors had the highest prevalence rate. CONCLUSION: This study comprises only 30 patients with three months of follow-up. So, this sample of patients and duration of follow-up period are conclusive to observe changes in biochemical parameters but not sufficient to observe changes in clinical grading.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of palate.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare tumor arising from the minor salivary glands;, the palate being the commonest site. Distant metastasis and perineural invasion areis common in adenoid cystic carcinoma. Diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma is made usually with the help of clinical features, radiographic features and histologic features. We reported a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of palate involving left maxillary sinus. The diagnosis of the case and brief review of literature of adenoid cystic carcinoma is discussed. The aim here is to highlight the importance of diagnosis, treatment and long-term follow-up of the patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma.

From esophagus to gingiva: A rare case of metastatic adenocarcinoma.

Localized gingival enlargement is often associated with systemic medications, abscess formation, trauma, or reactive lesions. Very few reports are available reporting enlargement of gingiva due to metastasis of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. A case of localized gingival growth affecting right maxillary and mandibular gingiva was reported in a 60-year-old male patient in which excisional biopsy of the lesion was done. Histopathological examination showed metastatic signet ring cell adenocarcinoma, which on further examination showed lower one-third of esophagus as the primary site of metastasis.