The Chickahominy T.R.U.T.H. (Trust, Research, Understand, Teach, and Heal) Project-A Tribal Community-Academic Partnership for Understanding the Impact of Structural Factors on Perceived Cancer Risk in Rural Virginia.

In 2022, the Virginia Chickahominy Indian Tribe partnered with Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center to investigate concerns about a potential cancer cluster near a local landfill. While investigating cancer clusters is complex due to long latency and multifactorial causes, the community's concerns about structural factors driving cancer risk warrant exploration. Thus, the Chickahominy T.R.U.T.H. (Trust, Research, Understand, Teach, and Heal) Project was created as a community-academic partnership to (1) identify structural factors and barriers associated with perceived cancer risk and care; (2) assess cancer knowledge, care access gaps, and perceived risks, including testing private and community water sources; (3) develop and deploy culturally tailored cancer education and resource navigation, including groundwater safety education, policies, and remediation. We will conduct 150 in-person interviews and water tests among residents within a four-mile radius of the landfill, and deploy 1000 structured questionnaires among Charles City County residents. In this paper, we provide an overview of the ongoing project design, development, and progress in support of the project's objectives. This collaborative investigation aims to address cancer health disparities, enhance research and health policy advocacy, and honor the sacred knowledge of an underserved community, laying the groundwork for a long-term partnership to guide future research questions.

Círculos de la palabra con líderes vecinales: sistematización de la experiencia

Se realizó una sistematización de la experiencia de: "círculos de la palabra" con líderes barriales del municipio de Villamaría, Caldas, Colombia entre 2016 y 2019, con base en los lineamientos de los autores: Jara, Ghiso y Verger. La experiencia permitió identificar tres hitos: "conocernos, el acompañamiento y los sueños", "sujetos de conocimiento" y "la experiencia construida socialmente". Los círculos de la palabra se configuraron para dar a los líderes de las comunidades un espacio donde tener voz y promover la reflexión movilizadora, construir tejidos y crear redes sociales de apoyo para conseguir un buen vivir.

A systematization of the experience titled: "word circles" with neighborhood leaders in Villamaría - Caldas (Colombia) between 2016 and 2019, was conduc ted based on Jara, Ghiso, and Verger guidelines. This experience allowed to iden tify three milestones: "getting to know each other, accompaniment and dreams," "subjects of knowledge," and "experience socially constructed". The word circles were created to provide to community leaders a place where they may have a voice and to foster mobilizing reflection, to build social fabric, and creating support networks to achieve a good life.

Updated geographical distribution and natural infection of Panstrongylus geniculatus (Latreille, 1811) in Antioquia department, Colombia.

The increase in outbreaks of Chagas disease in Colombia has required the strengthening of entomological surveillance with the active participation of the affected communities and the monitoring of the natural infection of the collected kissing bugs recollected inside households. The natural infection with Trypanosoma cruzi of triatomines collected by inhabitants of some municipalities of the department of Antioquia in 2019 was evaluated by molecular methods. This study described the intradomiciliary presence of Panstrongylus geniculatus (Latreille, 1811) in four cities of Antioquia: Barbosa, Liborina, Ituango, and Puerto Triunfo. This vector is reported for the first time in the municipalities Liborina, Barbosa, and Ituango. Furthermore, the natural infection with T. cruzi , DTUI, was reported in Barbosa and Liborina. The epidemiological implications of these findings are analyzed within the context of recent reports of outbreaks of Chagas disease in Antioquia.

Corrigendum: Neuroinflammation and Cytokines in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): A Critical Review of Research Methods.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01033.].

Análisis de usuarios para el diseño de un sistema de información para cuidados paliativos

Objetivo. Explorar el acceso a las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) de los usuarios de cuidados paliativos. Métodos. Se trabajó sobre el marco de análisis de tareas, usuarios, representaciones y funciones (TURF) usado para caracterizar los usuarios de cuidados paliativos de dos instituciones de salud de Medellín, Colombia. Las instituciones se visitaron entre mayo y septiembre de 2017 de acuerdo con el reporte de nuevas hospitalizaciones o cuando los investigadores detectaban la hospitalización de nuevos pacientes. En total, se realizaron 64 encuestas: 35 pacientes y a 39 cuidadores, el instrumento incluía preguntas acerca de factores demográficos, clínicos, el uso de TIC en la vida cotidiana, variables clínicas y síntomas de los pacientes y cuidadores. Las variables categóricas fueron mostradas de estadísticas descriptivas como porcentajes y frecuencias. Resultados. La mayoría de pacientes fueron mujeres, residentes de áreas urbanas quienes tenían acceso a las tecnologías de información y comunicación, con poca frecuencia en su uso. Los cuidadores fueron usuarios habituales de las tecnologías de información y comunicación, especialmente de redes sociales. Conclusión. Las instituciones que presten cuidados paliativos que busquen implementar las TIC en el cuidado a sus pacientes deberán hacer énfasis en los cuidadores y en el acceso de estos a las redes sociales.

Objective: To explore access to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for palliative care users. Method: The framework for the analysis of tasks, users, representation, and function (TURF) was used to characterize the users of palliative care of two health institutions in Medellín, Colombia. The institutions were visited between May and September 2017 according to the report of new hospitalizations or when the researchers detected the hospitalization of new patients. A total of 64 surveys were conducted: 35 patients and 39 caregivers, the instrument included questions about demographic and clinical factors, the use of ICT in daily life, clinical variables, and symptoms of the patients and caregivers. The categorical variables were shown from descriptive statistics as percentages and frequencies. Results: most patients were women, residents of urban areas who had access to information and communication technologies, with little frequency in their use. The caregivers were regular users of Information and Communication Technologies, especially social networks. Conclusion: Institutions that provide palliative care and seek to implement ICT in the care of their patients should center their efforts in caregivers and their access to social networks.

Complicaciones y factores de riesgo en pacientes sometidos a colagiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica en una clínica de tercer nivel de Medellín desde el 2014 hasta el 2017 / Complications and risk factors in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a third level clinic in Medellín from 2014 to 2017

Introducción. La colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica es la herramienta de elección para el manejo de una gran cantidad de enfermedades pancreáticas y biliares. Al ser un procedimiento invasivo, trae consigo riesgos que aumentan la morbimortalidad en los pacientes en quienes se practica. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las complicaciones más prevalentes relacionadas con el procedimiento, de los pacientes de una institución de tercer nivel de Medellín, entre los años 2014 y 2017.Métodos. Se presenta un estudio observacional, retrospectivo y analítico. Se analizaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes sometidos a colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica con diagnóstico de enfermedades biliares y pancreáticas. La información fue analizada usando estadística descriptiva e inferencial, mediante análisis univariado y multivariado, y se calculó la razón de momios (odds ratio, OR) con un intervalo de confianza del 95 %; se tomó como significativo un valor de p inferior a 0,25 en los análisis bivariados.Resultados. En los 1.546 pacientes sometidos a colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica, la edad promedio fue de 57,6 ± 19.3 años y el 59,1 % eran mujeres. Las complicaciones identificadas fueron: pancreatitis en 57 pacientes (3,7 %), sangrado en 28 (1,8 %), perforación en 8 (0,5 %) y mortalidad no discriminada de 42 pacientes (2,7 %). Como factores de riesgo con significancia estadística, se encontraron la papilotomía y el contraste del conducto de Wirsung (OR=3 y OR=3,55, respectivamente).Discusión. Los resultados obtenidos se encuentran en concordancia con los de la literatura mundial, con tasas de complicaciones y mortalidad similares. Por otra parte, el perfil sociodemográfico de la población de estudio difiere de las cifras internacionales, con predominancia de la enfermedad estudiada en edades mayores y con mayor cantidad de comorbilidades

Introduction: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is the tool for the management of a large number of pancreatic and biliary diseases. Being an invasive procedure, it brings risks that increase morbidity and mortality in patients in whom it is practiced. The objective of this study was to analyze the most prevalent complications related to the procedure of the patients of a third level institution in Medellin between 2014 and 2017.Methods: An observational, retrospective and analytical study is presented. The information was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, by univariate and multivariate analysis, and the odds ratio (odds ratio, OR) was calculated with a 95% confidence interval; a value of p less than 0.25 was taken as significant in the bivariate analyzes. Results: In the 1,546 patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, the average age was 57.6 ± 19.3 years and 59.1% were women. The complications identified were: pancreatitis in 57 patients (3.7%), bleeding in 28 (1.8%), perforation in 8 (0.5%) and non-discriminated mortality of 42 patients (2.7%). As risk factors with statistical significance, papillotomy and Wirsung duct contrast were found (OR = 3 and OR = 3.55, respectively).Discussion: The results obtained are consistent with those of the world literature, with similar complication and mortality rates. On the other hand, the sociodemographic profile of the study population differs from international figures, with a predominance of the disease studied in older ages and with a greater number of comorbidities

Perineuronal Nets, Inhibitory Interneurons, and Anxiety-Related Ventral Hippocampal Neuronal Oscillations Are Altered by Early Life Adversity.

BACKGROUND: In humans, accumulated adverse experiences during childhood increase the risk of anxiety disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In rodents, the ventral hippocampus (vHIP) is associated with anxiety regulation, and lesions in this region alter both anxiety-like behavior and activity levels. Neuronal oscillations in the vHIP of the theta frequency range (4-12 Hz) have been implicated in anxious states and derive in part from the activity of inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus, some of which are enwrapped with perineuronal nets (PNNs), extracellular matrix structures known to regulate plasticity. We sought to investigate the associations among early life stress-induced anxiety and hyperactivity with vHIP neuronal oscillations, inhibitory interneurons, and PNNs in mice. METHODS: We used repeated maternal separation with early weaning (MSEW) to model accumulated early life adversity in mouse offspring and studied the underlying cellular and electrophysiological changes in the vHIP that are associated with excessive anxiety and hyperactivity. RESULTS: We found increased anxiety-like behavior and activity levels in MSEW adult males, along with increased theta power and enhanced theta-gamma coupling in the vHIP. MSEW mice showed reduced intensity of parvalbumin as well as increased PNN intensity around parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the vHIP. We further observed that MSEW increased orthodenticle homeobox protein 2, a transcription factor promoting PNN development, in the choroid plexus, where it is produced, as well as in parvalbumin-positive interneurons, where it is sequestered. CONCLUSIONS: These findings raise the possibility of causal links among parvalbumin-positive interneurons, PNNs, orthodenticle homeobox protein 2, and MSEW-induced anxiety and hyperactivity.

Corrigendum: Neuroinflammation and Cytokines in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): A Critical Review of Research Methods.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01033.].

La Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria como fuente de cuidados de Salud Mental / Family and Community Medicine as source of Mental Health Care / Medicina Familiar e Comunitária como fonte de cuidados em Saúde Mental

En la Séptima Cumbre Iberoamericana de Medicina Familiar, Cali ­ Colombia 2018, el grupo de trabajo Salud Mental (SM) reflexionó sobre como la Medicina Familiar (MF) puede actuar para apoyar a las personas que enfrentan situaciones de estrés frente a la vida diaria, conflictos (armados/no armados), emergencias y desastres naturales. Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal basado em una encuesta de 42 preguntas a 99 profesionales sanitarios iberoamericanos provenientes de 15 países, 98 médicos y 1 psicólogo, 8% residentes de MF, 85% especialistas en MF, 4% médicos generales, 2% psiquiatras y 1% internista. El 47% de los médicos percibe como buena la capacidade de los médicos de familia en el abordaje de la SM. En cuanto a los problemas de SM observados, 30% indica Trastorno de Ansiedad, 27% depresión, 17% insomnio, 10% alcoholismo, 7% adicción a drogas ilícitas, 5% trastornos alimentarios y 4% trastorno de estrés postraumático. En este contexto se realizaron las recomendaciones para la Carta de Cali que consideran la formación en SM necesaria para los Médicos Familiares, con estrategias de autocuidado costo efectivas, mediante el fortalecimiento del trabajo comunitario. El cuerpo docente de las residencias de MF debe hacerse cargo de acciones tendientes al autocuidado de los alumnos, propendiendo a facilitar el processo de aprendizaje y la preparación para ejercer la profesión en un medio tan complejo como son los centros del primer nivel de atención o en cualquier contexto en el que se trabaje con la estratégia de Atención Primaria de Salud.

During the Seventh Iberoamerican Summit of Family Medicine, Cali Colombia 2018, the Mental Health (MH) working group reflected on how Family Medicine (FM) can act to support people facing stressful situations in daily life as well as in conflicts (armed/unarmed), emergencies and natural disasters. Descriptive cross-sectional study, based on a survey of 42 questions to 99 Iberoamerican health professionals from 15 countries; 98 physicians and 1 psychologist. 8% residents of family medicine, 85% family physicians (FP), 4% general doctors, 2% psychiatrists and 1% internists. 47% of physicians perceive as good the ability of FP in the approach to MH. Concerning the MH problems observed, 30% where anxiety disorder, 27% depression, 17% insomnia, 10% alcoholism, 7% illicit drug abuse, 5% eating disorders and 4% post-traumatic stress disorder. Wich such results, recommendations for the Cali Declaration consider the necessary MH training for Family physicians, with cost-effective self-care strategies through strengthening community work. The teachers of FP must take actions tending to the self-care of their students, to facilitate the learning process and the preparation to practice the profession in such a complex environment as the Primary Care (PC) centers or in any place based on PC strategy.

Na Sétima Cúpula Ibero-Americana de Medicina Familiar, Cali ­ Colombia 2018, o grupo de trabalho Saúde Mental (SM) refletiu sobre como a Medicina de Família (MF) pode atuar em para apoiar a saúde integral das pessoas que enfrentam situações de estresse na vida diaria, como conflitos armados/desarmados, emergências e desastres naturais. Estudo descritivo transversal com base em um levantamento de 42 perguntas a 99 profissionais de saúde ibero-americanos provenientes de 15 países; 98 médicos e 1 psicólogo. 8% de residentes de MF, 85% de especialistas em MF, 4% de clínicos gerais, 2% de psiquiatras e 1% de internistas. 47% dos médicos percebem como boa a capacidade dos médicos de família na abordagem da SM. Em relação aos problemas SM, 30% indicam Transtorno de Ansiedade, 27% de depressão, 17% de insônia, 10% de alcoolismo, 7% de dependência de drogas ilícitas, 5% de transtornos alimentares e 4% de transtorno de estresse pós-traumático. Neste contexto, foram feitas recomendações para a Carta de Cali que consideram o treinamento de SM necessário para médicos de família, com estratégias de autocuidado custo-efetivas através do fortalecimento do trabalho comunitário. O corpo docente das residências do MF deve se encarregar de ações que promovam o autocuidado dos alunos, visando facilitar o processo de aprendizagem e o preparo para a prática da profissão em um ambiente tão complexo como os centros de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) ou em qualquer contexto em que se trabalhe com a estratégia APS.

Design of an Information System for Palliative Care: User Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the demographic factors and the level of knowledge related to information and communication technologies of potential users of a palliative care information system. METHODS: The Task, User, Representation, Functionality (TURF) framework was applied to characterize potential users (patients and caregivers) of an information system for palliative care in a private clinic in Medellin, Colombia, through a survey. RESULTS: We analyzed 35 patients and 39 caregivers. The majority were women, that lived in urban area and belonged to middle-income socioeconomic stratum. Caregivers, in contrast to patients, are common users of information and communication technologies. CONCLUSION: An information system should focus on the needs of caregivers, and it would be targeted to subjects facing challenges related to technology adoption; information and communication technologies are interesting and important tools for the improvement of health team.

Neuroinflammation and Cytokines in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): A Critical Review of Research Methods.

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is the label given to a syndrome that can include long-term flu-like symptoms, profound fatigue, trouble concentrating, and autonomic problems, all of which worsen after exertion. It is unclear how many individuals with this diagnosis are suffering from the same condition or have the same underlying pathophysiology, and the discovery of biomarkers would be clarifying. The name "myalgic encephalomyelitis" essentially means "muscle pain related to central nervous system inflammation" and many efforts to find diagnostic biomarkers have focused on one or more aspects of neuroinflammation, from periphery to brain. As the field uncovers the relationship between the symptoms of this condition and neuroinflammation, attention must be paid to the biological mechanisms of neuroinflammation and issues with its potential measurement. The current review focuses on three methods used to study putative neuroinflammation in ME/CFS: (1) positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging using translocator protein (TSPO) binding radioligand (2) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) neuroimaging and (3) assays of cytokines circulating in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. PET scanning using TSPO-binding radioligand is a promising option for studies of neuroinflammation. However, methodological difficulties that exist both in this particular technique and across the ME/CFS neuroimaging literature must be addressed for any results to be interpretable. We argue that the vast majority of ME/CFS neuroimaging has failed to use optimal techniques for studying brainstem, despite its probable centrality to any neuroinflammatory causes or autonomic effects. MRS is discussed as a less informative but more widely available, less invasive, and less expensive option for imaging neuroinflammation, and existing studies using MRS neuroimaging are reviewed. Studies seeking to find a peripheral circulating cytokine "profile" for ME/CFS are reviewed, with attention paid to the biological and methodological reasons for lack of replication among these studies. We argue that both the biological mechanisms of cytokines and the innumerable sources of potential variance in their measurement make it unlikely that a consistent and replicable diagnostic cytokine profile will ever be discovered.

Factores de servicios de salud y satisfacción de usuarias asociados al acceso al control prenatal / Fatores de serviços de saúde e satisfação de usuarias associados ao aceso ao controle pré-natal / Factors of health services and users satisfaction associated to antenatal care access

Objetivo: Describir los factores de los servicios de salud y satisfacción de usuarias que se asocian con el acceso al control prenatal (CP) en instituciones de salud de Manizales y Cali. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de casos y de controles con una muestra de gestantes que asistieron al CP en 7 instituciones. Se aplicó un cuestionario para la recolección de información a 823 gestantes. Otro cuestionario fue aplicado a 4 enfermeras encargadas de manejar los programas de CP. La variable dependiente fue el acceso al CP y las independientes: la presencia de barreras administrativas, económicas, geográficas y percepción del trato, orientación brindada y aspecto físico de los servicios de salud. Las variables que indagaron por las estrategias de búsqueda activa fueron: proporción de gestantes inscritas en el primer trimestre, utilización de folletos y carteles informativos para generar conciencia sobre la importancia del acceso oportuno al CP. Resultados: Factores como la etnia (P = 0, 01), el tipo de afiliación al régimen de salud (P = 0,001), actividad de la madre en el último mes (P = 0,04), baja capacidad económica (P = 0,038), no estar afiliada al Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud (SGSSS) (P < 0,001) y la tramitología (P = 0,003) presentaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos. En ambos grupos se encontraron valoraciones positivas del trato, orientación y aspecto físico en los servicios de salud. Conclusiones: Aspectos como la disminución del gasto de bolsillo, las incomodidades derivadas de la atención y de las instalaciones, además del buen trato, respeto, empatía con las gestantes deben ser parte de los planes de mejoramiento de la calidad de la atención del CP

Objectives: Describe the Factors of health services and users’ satisfaction associated to the access to antenatal care (AC) at health institutions in Manizales and Cali. Materials and Methods: Case-control case study with a sample of pregnant women attending the AC in seven centers. A questionnaire was applied to 823 pregnant women to collect information. Another questionnaire was applied to four nurses in charge of the AC programs. The dependent variable was the access to the AC and the independent variables were the presence of administrative, economic, and geographic barriers, and perception of care, guidance provided and the physical appearance of health services. The variables that queried about active search strategies were: the proportion of pregnant women registered in the first trimester, use of brochures or posters raise awareness of timely access to AC. Results: Factors such as ethnicity (P = 0.01), the type of health insurance (P = 0.001), activity of the mother in the last month (P = 0.04), low economic capacity (P = 0.038), not being Affiliated to any health system (P < 0.001) and paperwork (P = 0.003) had significant differences between the groups. Both groups had positive opinions about treatment, counseling and physical appearance of health services. Conclusions: Aspects such as the decreased spending, the inconvenience arising from the care and facilities, in addition to good treatment, respect, empathy with pregnant women should be part of plans for the improvement of the quality of care of the AC

Objetivo: Descrever os fatores dos serviços de saúde e satisfação de usuárias que se associam com o aceso ao controle pré-natal (CP) em instituições de saúde de Manizales e Cali. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo de casos e de controles com uma amostra de gestantes que assistiram ao CP em 7 instituições. Aplicou se um questionário para a relação de informação a 823 gestantes. Outro questionário foi aplicado a 4 enfermeiras encarregadas de manejar os programas de CP. A variedade dependente foi o aceso ao CP e as independentes: A presencia de barreiras administrativas, econômicas, geográficas e percepção do trato, orientação brindada e aspeto físico dos serviços de saúde. As variáveis que indagaram pelas estratégias de busca ativa foram: proporção de gestantes inscritas no primeiro trimestre, utilização panfletos e cartaz informativos para gerar consciência sobre a importância do aceso oportuno ao CP. Resultados: Fatores como a etnia (P = 0, 01), o tipo de afiliação ao regime de saúde (P = 0,001), atividade da mãe no ultimo mês (P = 0,04), baixa capacidade econômica (P = 0,038), não estar afiliada ao Sistema Geral de Segurança Social em Saúde (SGSSS) (P < 0,001) e o excesso de tramites (P = 0,003) apresentaram diferencias significativas entre os grupos. Os dois grupos encontraram se valorações positivas do trato, orientação e aspecto físico nos serviços de saúde. Conclusões: Aspectos como a diminuição do gasto de bolso, o incomodam o derivado da atenção e das instalações, além do bom trato, respeito, empatia com as gestantes devem ser parte dos planos de melhoramento da qualidade da atenção do CP

Calidad del control prenatal realizado por profesionales de enfermería en una IPS pública, Manizales 2007 / Qualidade do control pre-natal realizado por profissionais de enfermaria em uma IPS publica, Manizales 2007 / Prenatal control quality performed by nursing professionals in a public health service provider, Manizales 2007

Este estudio descriptivo tiene como principal objetivo determinar algunos aspectos de la calidad del control prenatal realizado por el profesional de enfermería en una IPS pública de Manizales en el año 2007, basados en el grado de adherencia a la Norma técnica de detección temprana de las alteraciones del embarazo contenida en la Resolución 412 de 2000; con la información obtenida a partir de las historias clínicas, se evaluó la calificación obtenida en cada ítem de acuerdo a los criterios obtenidos en el Anexo 1. La población fue de 613 gestantes inscritas en el programa de control prenatal de dicha IPS, y 120 mujeres escogidas para la muestra por medio de la técnica de distribución de frecuencia; para la graficación de los resultados se utilizaron diagramas de barras mostrados de manera comparativa. Los resultados muestran que algunas variables tales como: temperatura, educación a la gestante, solicitud y análisis de paraclínicos, remisión al curso de preparación para el parto, remisión al odontólogo, y la adopción de una conducta en caso de alteraciones del peso materno o de la altura uterina, se registraron entre un 25% y un 70%. Las variables evaluadas en cuanto a la satisfacción de las usuarias fueron: percepción del beneficio obtenido, preferencia por el control con la enfermera(o), satisfacción con la prestación del servicio; fueron calificadas por las usuarias con niveles superiores al 80%. Además se realizó una evaluación de la infraestructura y dotación de los consultorios, comparando la información recolectada con el formato de evaluación contenido en la Resolución 1043 del Sistema Obligatorio de Garantía de Calidad del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud, para la habilitación de los servicios de salud. En cuanto a esta evaluación no se encontraron camillas con estribos, espéculos y portaobjetos dentro de los consultorios. En conclusión, este estudio...

The main objective of this descriptive study is to identify some aspects regarding the quality of prenatal care conducted by the nursing professionals in a public Health Service Provider (IPS by its initial in Spanish) in Manizales in 2007, based on the degree of adherence to the technical norm for early detection of changes in the pregnancy included in Resolution 412 of 2000. The study was done using information obtained from medical records, evaluating the points earned in each item according to the criteria in Annex 1. The population included 613 pregnant women enrolled in the prenatal control program of said IPS, and 120 women selected for the sample using the frequency distribution technique. For diagramming the results, bar charts were used displayed in a comparative manner. The results show that some variables such as temperature, education to pregnant women, application and analysis of paraclinical exams, referral to the childbirth preparation course, dentist referral, and the adoption of conducts in case of maternal weight and uterine height alterations, were in a 25% and 70%. The variables evaluated regarding the users’ satisfaction included the perception of the benefit obtained, preference for a particular nurse during the check-ups, service satisfaction, were described by the users with levels above 80%. In addition, an evaluation of the infrastructure and provision of the doctors’ offices was also made, comparing the information collected in the assessment form, included in Resolution 1043 of the Quality Mandatory System for the General Social Welfare Health System, for enabling health services. This evaluation found lack of stretchers with stirrups, speculums and slides within the doctors’ offices. In conclusion this study shows that the adhesion of nursing professionals to Resolution 412 of 2000 is between 70 and 90%.

Esta pesquisa descritiva tem como principal objetivo determinar alguns aspectos da qualidade do control pré-natal realizado por o profissional de enfermaria numa IPS publica de Manizales no ano 2007, baseados no grau de aderência à Norma técnica de detecção prematura das alterações da gestação conteúda na Resolução 412 de 2000; com a informação obtida a partir das historias clinicas, se avaliou a qualificação obtida em cada item de acordo a los critérios obtidos em o Anexo 1. A povoação foi de 613 gestantes inscritas no programa do control pré-natal de dita IPS, e 120 mulheres escolhidas para a mostra por médio da técnica de distribuição de freqüência, para a gratificação dos resultados se utilizaram diagramas de barras mostrados de maneira comparativa. Os resultados mostram que algumas variáveis como: temperatura, educação à gestante, solicitude e análise de paraclinicos, remissão ao curso de preparação para o parto, remissão ao dentista, e a adoção de uma conduta em caso de alterações do peso materna o da altura uterina, se registraram entre 25% e um 70%. As variáveis avaliadas em quanto à satisfação das usuárias foram: percepção do beneficio obtido, preferência por o control com a enfermeira(o), satisfação com a prestação do serviço; foram qualificadas pelas usuárias com niveles superiores ao 80%. Alias se realizou uma avaliação da infra-estrutura e dotação dos consultórios, comparando a informação recolhida com o formato de evacuação conteúda na Resolução 1043 do Sistema Obrigatório de Garantia de Qualidade do Sistema Geral de Seguridade Social em Saúde, para a habilitação dos serviços de saúde. Em quanto a esta evacuação não encontraram se macas com estribo, especulas um logo apropriado para guardar instrumentos médicos dentro dos consultórios. Em conclusão, este estudo demonstra que a aderência dos profissionais de enfermaria à Resolução 412 de 2000, esta entre o 70 e o 90%.

Leishmaniasis mucocutánea verrucosa: una manifestación inusual / Verrucous mucocutaneous leishmanianis: an unfrequent variant disease

La leishmaniasis es una enfermedad parasitaria producida por un protozoario flagelado del género Leishmania, y transmitida al hombre por la picadura del mosquito hembra del género Lutzomia. Las manifestaciones clínicas son variables y están relacionadas con la especie de Leishmania infectante, con el medio ambiente y con la respuesta inmune del hospedero. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con leishmaniasis mucocutánea verrucosa, una variante poco frecuente de la enfermedad, que se presenta por lo general en individuos de raza negra con un curso crónico, lo cual puede crear dificultades para el diagnóstico y requiere por lo tanto alta sospecha clínica.

Factores sociales, culturales e históricos que influyeron en la perdida dental de adultos mayores. Valle de Aburra 2000 / Social, cultural and historic factors which influenced tooth loss in elder adults in The Aburra Valley, 2000

El propósito de este estudio fue explorar las causas de la perdida dental a partir de relacionados con el desarrollo de la comunidad, costumbres, hábitos, educación y experiencias de atención a través de la experiencia vivida por adultos mayores, permite describir diferentes factores socioculturales relacionados con la perdida dental, dentro del marco del desarrollo histórico de la odontología. Se recolectó la información mediante entrevistas informales, no estructuradas, e individuales. Las entrevistas se analizaron siguiendo el procedimiento de codificación abierta, determinación de categorías con muestreo teórico y codificación axial. Se obtuvo como categoría central: el dolor dental. El cual es la principal causa de perdida dental en los adultos mayores. Se concluye que no hay preocupación por la enfermedad bucal, sino por la presencia del dolor dental. Entre muchos intentos por curarlo y prevenirlo ha existido desde épocas remotas un tratamiento definitivo: la extracción dental. Se encontró cómo la urgente necesidad de curarlo en un medio carente de recursos, conducía a la pérdida dental. La influencia familiar y la moda difundieron un pensamiento “sacarse los dientes es lo mejor”. Concepto difundido por generaciones. El enfoque de la prevención odontológica debe fundamentarse en el conocimiento popular.