RESUMO
From a clone library containing microsatellite DNA fragments of Norwegian spruce, seven pairs of primers were selected. These primers were tested to be the markers in the genetic structure analysis of nine populations of Eurasian spruce species Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Picea obovata Ledeb. Five pairs of these primers identified polymorphic loci with the allele numbers from 6 to 15. In the populations examined, the observed and expected heterozygosity values assessed at five loci varied from 0.1778 to 0.6556 and from 0.7800 to 0.900, respectively. In the populations examined, the values of F(st) index varied from 0.0691 to 0.2551 with the mean value of 0.1318. On the dendrogram based on Nei genetic distances, the populations formed three groups: Pskov-Ciscarpathia, Komi-Tatarstan-Arkhangelsk, Kazakhstan-Karelia(natural)-Karelia(culture)-Krasnoyarsk. Five of the primer pairs tested proved useful for analysis of the population genetic structure in Eurasian spruce species.
Assuntos
Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Picea/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Alelos , Primers do DNA , Genética Populacional , Filogenia , Federação RussaRESUMO
Using AP-PCR, the genome of Kamchatka mykiss (Parasalmo (O.) mykiss) was examined. Polymorphic fragments, implying geographic differences among the samples, were selected, cloned, and sequenced. Based on these sequences, longer, specific SCAR primers were selected and constructed. Using the BLAST software program, the sequences were analyzed for analogy to those from the GenBank database. It seemed likely that all sequences obtained belonged to earlier unexamined repeated sequences, variable in the populations of the species of interest. A total of seven SCAR markers, characterized by population-significant variability of the DNA products in Kamchatka geographic group of rainbow trout were constructed. These markers can be used for further investigation of the species Parasalmo (O.) mykiss. The SCAR marker sequences were deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers EU805500 to EU805506.
Assuntos
Oncorhynchus mykiss/genética , Sequências Repetitivas de Ácido Nucleico/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Marcadores Genéticos , Genética Populacional/métodos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , SibériaRESUMO
The populations of mykizha Parasalmo (O.) mykiss from western and eastern coasts of Kamchatka were studied by restriction analysis of a fragment of fish mitochondrial genome that included the control region and the region of the cytochrome b gene (cytb). The restriction patterns obtained with five enzymes (MspI; Tru1I; RsaI; BsuRI; DdeI) were identical in all studied individuals. Sequencing of the cytb gene showed high similarity between all samples (99.6-100%). In general, the geographical group of mykiss from Kamchatka is monophyletic with low genetic divergence at the population level. Shantarian mykiss originates most likely from that native to Kamchatka.
Assuntos
Citocromos b/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Oncorhynchus mykiss/genética , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , SibériaRESUMO
Taxonoprint (a modification of DNA restrictase analysis) allows to distinguish sympatric species, that do not mate or produce hybrid offspring that are sterile or not viable. It is shown that taxonoprints of whitefish are very similar of identical. Sympatric whitefish are continuing to be separate despite they easily mate in experiments and in nature (up to 30% of individuals in nature are hybrids) and hybrids offspring have some features of heterosis. However it appears that hybrids of the second generation are not viable and can exist only because of back crossing with parents. In allows to keep a species independence in the process of gene exchange and to use heterosis of the first generation. Similar isolation mechanism is determined for other fish families (Acipensepidae, Clupeidae, Cyprinidae, Percidae) and some mammals (camels, sheep, bulls).
Assuntos
Reprodução/fisiologia , Salmonidae/fisiologia , Animais , Feminino , Hibridização Genética/genética , Hibridização Genética/fisiologia , Masculino , Reprodução/genética , Mapeamento por Restrição/métodos , Mapeamento por Restrição/veterinária , Salmonidae/classificação , Salmonidae/genéticaRESUMO
Genetic divergence in repetitive sequences of nuclear DNA of wild and domestic sheep was studied by general restriction endonuclease mapping (i.e., the taxonoprint method). The PCR RAPD method with one and two arbitrary primers was also used to analyze the nuclear DNA polymorphism in some other regions. The taxonoprint method, performed using six endonucleases, showed specificity and virtually complete similarity in the patterns of repetitive DNA sequences of two wild forms, argali and mouflon, and five domestic sheep breeds. Central Asian breeds, Kazakh fine-fleeced, karakul, ghissar, and eadeelbay, and an English breed, Lincoln, were examined. The results confirm the opinion that wild and domestic sheep may be considered one polytypic species. The PCR-RAPD method, both with one and two arbitrary primers, revealed a closer similarity of all the sheep breeds examined when argali, rather than with mouflon, was used. These results indicate that the domestication area of sheep was much broader than was earlier presumed. Otherwise, hybridizations of domestic and wild forms could occasionally occur in the area of their coexistence. The amplification patterns of PCR-RAPD products are the most promising population genetic markers.
Assuntos
DNA/genética , Variação Genética , Ovinos/genética , Animais , Animais Domésticos , Animais Selvagens , Sequência de Bases , Primers do DNA , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Sequências Repetitivas de Ácido Nucleico , Mapeamento por Restrição , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Due to some suggestion [8] the parthenogenesis in vertebrates is the result of interspecies hybridization, and some species seem to be the main candidates participating in this process. DNA parts, which may be revealed using polymerase chain reaction in AP-RAPD modification, were compared in parthenogenetic lizards forms and in supposed parental species for them. As it was shown by other authors and confirmed by us, arbitrary primed randomly amplified DNA products are species specific and may be used as a molecular taxonomic criterion. It was shown that each parthenogenetic species studied has the patterns containing only the bands of one or another supposed parents and no more. This is in favour of the hypothesis mentioned above. Investigation of 103 10-nucleotide primers in PCR was done.