Risk factors for severe and critical Covid-19 in pregnant women in a single center in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Risk factors for severe SARS-CoV2 infection in pregnancy have not been extensively studied. This information can help guide the management of pregnant women with COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: Examine risk factors for severe COVID-19 in pregnant women. METHODS: We reviewed the records of all pregnant women with positive SARS-CoV2 tests (qRT-PCR) managed at a single tertiary private maternity in Sao Paulo, Brazil. We categorized women as having non-severe (mild or moderate) or severe (severe or critical) COVID-19. We conducted multivariable analyses to identify differences in sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the two groups as risk factors for severe COVID-19. RESULTS: Between March 13 and June 7 2020, 114 women tested positive for SARS-CoV-2; 80.7% (n = 92) had non-severe disease (69 mild, 23 moderate), 15.7% (n = 18) had severe, and 3.5% (n = 4) had critical COVID-19. Women with severe/critical COVID-19 (n = 22) were significantly older (35.0 ± 5.9 × 31.8 ± 5.1 years, p = 0.011), more likely to have at least one medical comorbidity (81.8% × 52.2%, p = .011) or a history of asthma (18.2% × 3.3%, p = .025), and tended to have a higher median body mass index (30.1 kg/m2, IQR 28.1-33.9 × 28.6, IQR 26.2-32.0, p = .056) than women with non-severe disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified four factors as independent predictors of severe/critical COVID-19: asthma (OR 34.469, 95% CI 1.151-78.030, p = .026), non-white ethnicity (OR 7.932, 95% CI 1.311-47.973, p = .024), maternal age with a best cutoff of ≥ 34 years (OR 1.195, 95% CI 1.001-1.427, p = .048) and gestational age at diagnosis with a best cut-off of ≥ 35 weeks (OR 0.876, 95% CI 0.780-0.983, p = .025). The predictive value of the model including all variables was 0.823 (p < .001). CONCLUSION: A history of asthma, non-white ethnicity, and older maternal age were risk factors for, while higher gestational age was protective against severe/critical COVID-19 in pregnant Brazilian women.

Possible formation of pulmonary microthrombi in the early puerperium of pregnant women critically ill with COVID-19: Two case reports.

BACKGROUND: Limited data are available on the management of pregnant women with severe or critical forms of COVID-19, such as the optimal timing of provider-initiated delivery, and post-partum care, including antithrombotic prophylaxis. We present the clinical course, pre- and post-partum management, and outcomes of two pregnant women critically ill with COVID-19. CASES: Both women had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia with rapid clinical decompensation that required admission to the intensive care unit, intubation, and delivery by emergency cesarean section at 32 and 29 weeks. Both patients clinically improved in the first two postoperative days, but this was followed by clinical, laboratory and radiological deterioration on the third postoperative day; however, they both improved again after full anticoagulation. This pattern suggests the possible formation of pulmonary microthrombi in the early puerperium. We discuss the challenges faced by the multiprofessional team in the management of these patients. CONCLUSIONS: There are few resources to guide health professionals caring for pregnant women with critical COVID-19. These two cases contribute to the rapidly evolving knowledge on the management and outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19.

Factors associated with survival of very-low-birth-weight infants in a Brazilian fee-paying maternity in the 1990s.

This study describes intra-hospital survival rates of very-low-birth-weight infants, as well as factors present at birth associated with survival, during a period of 10 years. This is a Retrospective cohort study performed in a 3rd level nursery at Santa Joana Maternity Hospital, a fee-paying institution in Sao Paulo, Brazil. From January 1991 to December 2000, 963 live-born infants with a birth weight of 500-1499 g, without congenital anomalies, were followed until discharge. Survival was studied according with year of birth, and stratified by birth weight and gestational age. Factors present at birth associated with survival were analyzed by logistic regression. Patient characteristics were: birth weight 500-999 g (38%), gestational ages or=750 g, and gestational age >or=26 weeks.

Sobrevida de recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso em maternidade privada de nível terciário / Survival of very low birth weight infants in level III private maternity hospital

Objetivo: descrever a sobrevida intra-hospitalar dos recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso, de acordo com as faixas de peso ao nascer (PN) e idade gestacional (IG) no período de 4 anos, em naternidade privada de nível terciário. Métodos: Coorte prospectiva de 146 RN com PN de 500 a 1499g, sem anolmalias congênitas incompatíveis com a vida, com IG superior a 22 semanas, que nasceram e permaneceram internados na Maternidade Pro-Matre Paulista até a alta, no período de março de 2000 a fevereiro de 2004. Descreve-se a taxa de sobrevida por faixa de PN e IG e nalisam-se fatores presentes ao nascimento, associados à sobrevida intra-hospitalar por meio de regressão logística. Resultados: características dos 146 RN: PN 1096+-284g, IG 29,4+-3,2 semanas, pequeno/IG 42 por cento, gestações múltiplas 39 por cento, sexo masculino 47 por cento e parto cesáreo 79 por cento. A sobrevida, nas faixas de 500-749g, 1000-1249g e 1250-1499g foi, respectivamente, 39, 78, 85 e 98 por cento. A sobrevida dos pacientes de 23-24, 25-27 semanas, 28-30 e 31-33 semanas foi respectivamente, 36, 69, 86 e 94 por cento. A análise de regressão mostrou que a sobrevida intra-hospitalar aumentou com a elevação do PN (OR 0,995; IC 95 por cento 0,993-0,997) e não teve influêncian dos fatores IG, adequação PN/IG, gestação múltipla, sexo, parto ou ano de nascimento. Conclusões: em 4 anos, a sobrevida foi crescente de acordo com o aumento do peso ao nascer. Esforços devem ser direcionados para que taxas maiores de sobrevida sejam obtidas, em especial, nos nascidos entre 500 e 750g e/ou idade gestacional entre 23 e25 semanas.

Listeriose neonatal / Neonatal listeriosis

Os autores descrevem e discutem três casos de infecçäo por Listeria mono cytogenes no período de janeiro de 1994 a dezembro de 1995, diagnosticados na Unidade Neonatal do Hospital e Maternidade Santa Joana, Säo Paulo. Nos três casos observamos líquido amniótico meconial. Em dois havia história materna de infecçäo de vias urinárias, fisometria e a idade gestacional (IG) era menor que 35 semanas. O quadro clínico nestes casos foi mais grave, evoluindo para óbito em menos de 24 horas. O terceiro recém-nascido(RN) tinha uma IG de 37 semanas, sem antecedentes de patologias maternas e a evoluçäo clínica foi satisfatória. É importante lembrar que o obstetra de estar atento para situaçöes de risco, já que o tratamento precoce da mäe pode modificar a...