[Intrathyroidal thymus can cause confusion in the diagnosis of a thyroid mass. A case report]. / Timo intratiroideo: una causa de confusión en el diagnóstico de masas tiroideas infantiles. Reporte de caso.

Intrathyroidal thymus tissue (ITTT) is a rare, benign condition; its diagnosis can prove challenging due to unfamiliarity with this entity. However, it has ultrasonographical and cytological characteristics which can suggest its presence and thus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Presently, immunohistochemistry can be used with fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, thus decreasing the need for unnecessary surgery. We discuss the usefulness of immunohistochemistry in thyroid cytology, with reference to a case of a 10-year-old patient, who underwent partial thyroidectomy for a suspicious thyroid nodule which was eventually diagnosed as ITTT by the histopathology of the surgical specimen.

Angiosarcoma cutáneo en una adolescente con Xeroderma Pigmentoso: Reporte de caso / Cutaneous angiosarcoma in an adolescent girl with Xeroderma Pigmentosum: A case report

Resumen El Xeroderma Pigmentoso (XP) es un trastorno poco frecuente, autosómico recesivo y caracterizado por una extrema sensibilidad a la radiación ultravioleta (RUV) de la luz solar, que produce una reparación defectuosa del daño del ADN y como consecuencia, marcada predisposición al desarrollo de cáncer de piel. Clínicamente, se manifiesta por fotosensibilidad, cambios cutáneos pigmentarios y envejecimiento prematuro de la piel. Este trastorno afecta aproximadamente 1 de cada 250.000 habitantes por año en Estados Unidos. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 12 años con un Xeroderma Pigmentoso detectado a los 6 meses, quien desarrolló una lesión ulcerada en la vertiente nasal izquierda con reporte de patología de Angiosarcoma (AS) con CD31, EGR y CD34 positivos. La paciente fue tratada con resección amplia de la lesión y quimioterapia adyuvante con Plaquitaxel y Doxorrubicina sin radioterapia.

Abstract Xeroderma Pigmentosum is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from sunlight that results in a defective repair of DNA damage and, as a consequence, a marked predisposition to the development of cancer of the skin. Its clinical manifestations are photosensitivity, pigmentary skin changes, and premature aging of the skin. This disorder affects approximately 1 in 250,000 individuals per year in the United States. We present the case of a 12-year-old patient with Xeroderma Pigmentosum detected at 6 months of age, who developed an ulcerated lesion on the left nasal slope with a pathology report of angiosarcoma (AS), which we positive for ERG, CD31, and CD34. The patient was treated with wide resection of the lesion and adjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel and doxorubicin without radiation therapy.

FaTEMa: A Framework for Multi-Layer Fault Tolerance in IoT Systems.

Fault tolerance in IoT systems is challenging to overcome due to its complexity, dynamicity, and heterogeneity. IoT systems are typically designed and constructed in layers. Every layer has its requirements and fault tolerance strategies. However, errors in one layer can propagate and cause effects on others. Thus, it is impractical to consider a centralized fault tolerance approach for an entire system. Consequently, it is vital to consider multiple layers in order to enable collaboration and information exchange when addressing fault tolerance. The purpose of this study is to propose a multi-layer fault tolerance approach, granting interconnection among IoT system layers, allowing information exchange and collaboration in order to attain the property of dependability. Therefore, we define an event-driven framework called FaTEMa (Fault Tolerance Event Manager) that creates a dedicated fault-related communication channel in order to propagate events across the levels of the system. The implemented framework assist with error detection and continued service. Additionally, it offers extension points to support heterogeneous communication protocols and evolve new capabilities. Our empirical results show that introducing FaTEMa provided improvements to the error detection and error resolution time, consequently improving system availability. In addition, the use of Fatema provided a reliability improvement and a reduction in the number of failures produced.

X-ray Microtomography to Quantify Morphological Sandstones Properties

Abstract The sandstones of the Furnas Formation in the State of Paraná, south of Brazil, are located in regions with great importance due to the natural heritage found in the rocky forms and associated flora and fauna. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the internal structure of diverse sandstones of the Furnas Formation. X-ray microtomography allowed 3D characterization of the number, pore size and shape distributions of the sandstones. Images with voxel size of 603 µm3 were utilized to evaluate the sandstone's macroporosity. The main results obtained indicate that higher macroporosities were observed in coarser and some types of silicified sandstones. In general, fine sandstones were characterized by the largest number of pores. As a general conclusion the size and shape distribution of pores seem to have a variable relation with genetic factors as grain size and cement (siliceous and/or ferruginous).

Hemangioendotelioma hepático congénito neonatal, reporte de un caso de autopsia / Congenital neonatal hepatic hemangioendothelioma, case report

Introducción: El hemangioendotelioma hepático infantil es el tumor primario del hígado más comúnen la infancia. Se presenta en pacientes menores de 6 meses, puede ser diagnosticado in útero, donde lasgrandes comunicaciones arteriovenosas producen hidrops fetal no inmune. Objetivo: Se describe un casode un feto muerto con un hemangioendotelioma hepático infantil y se realiza una discusión sobre estetema. Caso clínico: Producto de un embarazo de 33 semanas de gestación de una mujer de 23 años, laecografía obstétrica evidencio hidrops fetal secundario a presencia de tumor hepático, el paciente falleceminutos después de su nacimiento. En la necropsia se evidencia feto de sexo masculino de 3250 gr depeso, con tumor hepático de características sólidas, cuyo examen histopatológico corresponde con unhemangioendotelioma hepático infantil. Conclusión: Se presenta el estudio anatomopatológico de unaautopsia perinatal realizada a un feto con tumor congénito, un hemangioendotelioma hepático infantil queprodujo hidrops fetal no inmune.

Introduction: Infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma (HHI) is the primary liver tumor more commonin childhood. Usually occurs before the 6 months of age. These tumors can be diagnosed in utero,where the large arteriovenous shunting cause non-inmune hydrops fetalis. Objetive: Describe a case ofa dead fetus with a hepatic hemangioendothelioma and a discussion on this topic is done. Clinical case:Product of pregnancy of 33 weeks of gestation in a 23 years old woman, obstetrical ultrasound evidencedfetal hydrops secondary to the presence of liver tumor, the patient died minutes after birth. The necropsyshowed a male fetus of 3250gr in weight, with a liver tumor with solid features, which histopathologicalexamination corresponds to a HHI. Conclusions: We report the pathological study of a perinatal autopsydone to a fetus with a congenital tumor, an HHI that cause non-inmune hydrops fetalis.

Teratoma sacrococcigeo neonatal, reporte de un caso de autopsia / Neonatal sacrococcygeal teratomas, autopsy case report

Introducción: Los teratomas sacrococcígeos, constituyen una neoplasia que pese a su baja frecuencia, esuna de las más comunes en neonatos. Se describe un caso de un feto muerto con hallazgos histopatológicosde un teratoma sacro coccígeo inmaduro. Pacientes y Métodos: Mujer de 26 años de edad en su cuartoembarazo de 32 semanas de gestación, quien presenta amenaza de parto pre término. Se le realiza unaecografía obstétrica que informa la presencia de una masa sacra fetal, e hidrops fetal. Se realizó cesáreay se obtiene un óbito fetal de sexo femenino. El estudio anatomopatológico evidenció un teratomasacrococcígeo inmaduro. Conclusión: En los teratomas sacrococcígeos fetales, el desarrollo de hidropsfetal, insuficiencia cardiaca y gran tamaño tumoral son indicadores de mal pronóstico. El diagnósticoprenatal, la planificación del parto, la estabilización perinatal y la resección quirúrgica del tumor, puedenhacer posible la sobre vida en estos pacientes.

Introduction: Sacrococcygeal teratomas are neoplasm that despite their low frequency, are one of the most common in newborns. We describe a case of a dead fetus with an immature sacrococcygeal teratoma,its radiological and histological findings. Patients and Methods: A 26 years old woman in the fourthpregnancy of 32 weeks’ of gestation, who presented the threat of pre-term birth. We performed obstetric ultrasound reporting the presence of a fetal sacral mass and fetal hydrops. Caesarean section was run andgot a female fetal death. Pathologic study showed immature sacrococcygeal teratoma. Conclusion: In fetalsacrococcygeal teratomas, the development of fetal hydrops, heart failure and large tumor size are indicators of poor prognosis. Prenatal diagnosis, planning delivery, the postnatal stabilization period and surgical resection of the tumor, can make survival possible in these patients.

Hernia diagfragmática congénita derecha en el Hospital Universitario de Santander / Right congenital diaphragmatic hernia at the Hospital Universitario de Santander

Introducción: La hernia diafragmática del lado derecho es una variable poco frecuente de los defectoscongénitos diafragmáticos que permiten el paso del contenido abdominal a la cavidad torácica, causandograves trastornos en el desarrollo pulmonar fetal. Objetivo: Describir las características patológicasencontradas en la autopsia perinatal de un paciente con Hernia diafragmática congénita derecha en elHospital Universitario de Santander. Caso clínico: Neonato de 35 semanas de gestación con diagnósticoprenatal de Hernia Diafragmática Congénita, quien fallece minutos después de su nacimiento debido ainsuficiencia respiratoria aguda. En los hallazgos de autopsia se encuentra ausencia de la mayor parte delhemidiafragma derecho, herniación del contenido abdominal al tórax y una severa hipoplasia pulmonar.Conclusión: La Hernia diafragmática congénita del lado derecho se asocia con alta mortalidad neonataly los hallazgos encontrados en el presente caso se correlacionan con los graves defectos estructuralespulmonares que se describen en otros casos reportados en la literatura.

Introduction: The congenital diaphragmatic hernia of the right side is the least common type ofthe congenital diaphragmatic defects which allows the passage of abdominal contents to the thoraciccavity, causing serious disorders on lung development. Objective: To describe the pathological featuresfound in perinatal autopsy of a patient with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia of the right side at theHospital Universitario de Santander. Case report: 35 weeks gestation neonate with prenatal diagnosisof congenital diaphragmatic hernia, who died due to acute respiratory failure. In the autopsy be founda severe pulmonary hypoplasia and in the microscopic examination, the pulmonary alveoli collapsed.Conclusion: The congenital diaphragmatic hernia of the right side is associated with high neonatalmortality and the findings in this case are correlated with severe pulmonary structural defects that aredescribed in other cases reported in the literature.

Langerhans cells in cutaneous tumours: immunohistochemistry study using a computer image analysis system.

Immunohistochemistry, based on antibody anti-S100 protein, was used to evaluate the Langerhans cells (LC) in benign and malign skin neoplasias. These cells were quantitatively estimated using a computer image analysis (OPTIMAS software system, Version 6.1) in skin biopsies diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma (BCC), epidermoid carcinoma (EpC), trichoepithelioma (TE), keratoacanthoma (KA), seborreic keratosis (SK) and actinic keratosis (AK). The antibody anti-S100 protein recognized them. No significant variations were observed in the number of LC among malignant tumour (BCC = 23.25 +/- 5.81 and EpC = 20.88 +/- 4.24). Benign lesions (AK = 33.04 +/- 7.11; TE = 55.74 +/- 9.35; SK = 42.38 +/- 9.92, and KA = 47.62 +/- 10.4) presented a higher number of LC when they were compared among them and to malignant and normal tissues. No significant differences were observed in LC area and volume between benign and malign neoplasias. These results indicate possibly differences in the immunogenicity between benign and malign epidermic tumours. In conclusion, the experimental computer assessment method was reliable and consistent to morphometric analysis of tumoural tissues.

Heritability estimates for dental caries and sucrose sweetness preference.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine heritability estimates for dental caries traits and sucrose sweetness preference. DESIGN: Participants included 115 pairs of twins 4-7-years-old. Caries exams followed NIDCR criteria where the severity of the lesion was also determined. Twins ranked their preference for five concentrations of sucrose/grape juice solutions (0.15-1.17M) with a Face Scale. Variables submitted to analysis: (1) surface-based caries prevalence rate (SBCPR); (2) lesion severity index (LSI); (3) sucrose sweetness preference score (SSPS). Heritability analyses were performed with the SOLAR software package. RESULTS: Heritability estimates adjusted for age and gender were: SBCPR-h(2)=64.6 (p<.00001), LSI-h(2)=61.7 (p<.00001) and SSPS-h(2)=55.2 (p<.00001). Treating SPSS as a covariate in the SBCPR and LSI models did not alter heritability estimates. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that variation in dental caries traits and sucrose sweetness preference have a significant genetic contribution that is mediated independently.

[Hemorrhagic pericarditis and cardiac tamponade in systemic lupus erythematosus. A case report]. / Reporte de un caso depericarditis hemorrágica y taponamiento cardíaco asociados a lupus eritematoso sistémico.

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that can affect any organ or system. Although pericarditis is the most frequent cardiac manifestation of this entity, usually is not a life threatening situation. Pericardial effusion causing cardiac tamponade is a very rare complication in lupus, with an incidence less than 2%. We report a case of pericardial tamponade due to SLE with severe hemodynamic involvement in a 21-year-old woman associated to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, acute pancreatitis, acute acalculous cholecystitis, pleural effusion, hematologic, cutaneous and neurologic lupus activity. Recognition of this rare manifestation of SLE may be life saving.

Reporte de un caso de pericarditis hemorrágica y taponamiento cardíaco asociados a lupus eritematoso sistémico / Hemorrhagic pericarditis and cardiac tamponade in systemic lupus erythematosus. A case report

El lupus eritematoso sistémico es una enfermedad autoinmune inflamatoria capaz de afectar cualquier aparato y sistema. Aunque la pericarditis es la manifestación cardíaca más frecuentemente observada, usualmente no es una situación que comprometa la vida del paciente. El taponamiento cardíaco ocasionado por derrame pericárdico en el lupus es una situación extremadamente rara, con una incidencia no mayor al 2%. Informamos el caso de una mujer de 21 años de edad con taponamiento cardíaco por lupus eritematoso sistémico, asociado a glomerulonefritis rápidamente progresiva, pancreatitis aguda, colecistitis aguda acalculosa, derrame pleural y actividad lúpica hematológica, cutánea y neurológica. El reconocimiento oportuno de esta rara manifestación del lupus puede salvar la vida de un paciente.

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that can affect any organ or system. Although pericarditis is the most frequent cardiac manifestation of this entity, usually is not a life threatening situation. Pericardial effusion causing cardiac tamponade is a very rare complication in lupus, with an incidence less than 2%. We report a case of pericardial tamponade due to SLE with severe hemodynamic involvement in a 21-year-old woman associated to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, acute pancreatitis, acute acalculous cholecystitis, pleural effusion, hematologic, cutaneous and neurologic lupus activity. Recognition of this rare manifestation of SLE may be life saving.

Uso de oxitocina intraumbilical en el tercer período del parto en gestantes con anemia

Se realizo un ensayo clínico con el objeto de disminuir el sangrado posparto, en pacientes gestantes con anemia, mediante el manejo activo del tercer período del parto con inyección de oxitocina intraumbilical. Se seleccionaron pacientes con gestacion a término, con anemia, en trabajo de parto que son admitidas al centro obstétrico sin otra patología asociada en el período enero-abril de 1999, estas fueron distribuidas al azar en 3 grupos: 49 pacientes recibieron un manejo activo del tercer período, a través de inyección de 20 u de oxitocina intraumbilical, diluidos en 20 cc de suero fisiológico inmediatamente después de la ligadura del cordón umbilical a 20 cm del introito vaginal, 43 pacientes recibieron inyeción intraumbilical de 20 cc de suero fisiológico, inmediatamente después de la ligadura de cordon umbilical a 20 cc del introito vaginal , 43 pacientes recibieron un manejo espectante del tercer periodo del parto. A todas las pacientes se les midio el hematocrito al ingreso a centro obstétrico y a las 24 horas del puerperio. El tiempo del tercer período del parto fueron en promedio de 3.6 min, 8.4 min y 10.4 min, respectivamente mostrando diferencia significativa entre el grupo que recibio oxitocina y los restantes p<0.01. Se compararon edad paridad, tiempo del primer periodo del parto tiempo del segundo peírodo del parto, tipos de alumbramiento, freuencia de alumbramientos incompletos, frecuencia de episiotomías, peso placentario no encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos de estudio.. La conclusión a la que se llego es que el manejo del tercer período del parto mediante la inyección de oxitocina intraumbilical, reduce el tiempo del alumbramiento y la pérdida sanguínea, en pacientes con anemia

Caracteres organoléticos de alimentos e bebidas / Organoleptic characteristics of food and beverages

O exame organolético representa na análise de alimentos e bebidas grande importância por indicar de antemão ao analista a espécie e qualidade do produto analisado. Tal exame deve, portanto, continuar a figurar nos Códigos e Regulamentos Bromatológicos, afim de que os mesmos exijam taxativamente que todos os alimentos e bebidas correspondam às características dos produtos típicos. O exame organolético sendo o primeiro que se procede numa análise bromatológica, deve sempre encabeçar os mapas e paradigmas analíticos dos diversos alimentos e bebidas. Com o auxílio de padrões de cores e expressões próprias e adequadas, os caracteres organoléticos poderão ser expressos com maior facilidade, dando-se aos mesmos certa uniformidade e coerência e permitindo desse modo distinguir-se claramente o que é bom e próprio do que é mau e impróprio (AU).

Teores de Acidez em Farinhas / Acidity Contents in Flours

O autor, analisando a multiplicidade de métodos para a determinação dos teores de acidez em farinhas e suas consequentes diversidades nos resultados obtidos, prevê a necessidade de ser mais bem estudada, definida e unificada tal técnica, afim de que seja adotado um método único e convencional que traga as possibilidades de melhor comparação e juízo sobre os resultados obtidos. O autor, tratando das causas principais determinantes da acidez nas farinhas, indica como grande responsável dessa alteração seus teores oleosos. Desse modo, dita acidez só pode ser verdadeiramente representada pelos teores de acidez total obtidos titrimetricamente, desfazendo desse modo as pretensões de se substituir totalmente essa representação pela da acidez iônica, como foi pleiteada e defendida por interessados em raspas e farinhas de raspas de mandioca. Em algumas centenas de determinações comparativas foi notada grande disparidade entre os resultados, o que provou em conclusão o limitadíssimo e inexpressivo valor da acidez potencial nesses produtos. Conclui, finalmente, diante de grande documentação analítica, que só os teores de acidez total podem ser os representativos da idade e do estado de conservação de ditos produtos por serem os únicos que sistematicamente acompanham o desenvolvimento evolutivo de suas alterações (AU).