Ameloblastoma metastásico / Metastatic ameloblastoma

77REPERT MED CIR. 2023;32(1):77-80Mario Alexander Melo MD*María Camila PiñerosbAna María TorresbFabián Parra F. MDcRafael Baracaldo A. MDda Patología. Grupo de Patología Oncológica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Universidad El Bosque. Bogotá DC, Colombia. b Odontólogía, Patología Oral y Medios Diagnósticos, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá DC, Colombia. c Radiología e Imágenes Diagnósticas, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá DC, Colombia. d Patología, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud. Bogotá DC, Colombia.Introducción: el ameloblastoma es un tumor epitelial benigno de origen odontogénico, de crecimiento progresivo, caracterizado por expansión ósea y tendencia a la recurrencia local si no se trata en forma adecuada. De acuerdo con las características clínicas y radiográficas se clasifica en ameloblastoma uniquístico, periférico/extraóseo y el metastásico. Presentación del caso: el presente manuscrito se quiere reseñar el caso clínico de un ameloblastoma metastásico, el cual es capaz de producir siembras a pesar de su apariencia histológica benigna. Discusión y conclusiones: las variadas formas clínicas y radiográficas hacen que el ameloblastoma metastásico requiera, desde su diagnóstico inicial, un estudio detallado ya que es importante entender el concepto de esta patología como lesión clínica que realiza metástasis a distancia, pero su comportamiento histológico es benigno

Introduction: ameloblastoma is a benign epithelial odontogenic tumor that progresses slowly and is characterized by bone expansion and tendency for local recurrence if not treated properly. According to the clinical and radiographic characteristics, it is classified as unicystic, peripheral/extraosseous and metastatic ameloblastoma. Case presentation: the present manuscript aims to review the clinical case of a metastatic ameloblastoma, which can metastasize in spite of a benign histological appearance. Discussion and conclusions: the various clinical and radiographic forms of metastatic ameloblastoma require, from its initial diagnosis, a detailed study, since it is important to understand the concept of this clinico-pathological entity as a lesion with distant metastases but benign histological features

Transoral robotic surgery for parapharyngeal carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (Ca ex-PA) comprises 0.5% of head and neck neoplasms. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is an approach being used to treat a variety of benign and malignant head and neck neoplasms. Recently, this technique has gained popularity as an alternative for parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumor resection. To our knowledge, this is the first case of Ca ex-PA managed successfully by TORS of the PPS. CASE: Fifty-nine-year-old male with incidental mass in PPS, initial diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma, who underwent transoral robotic resection. The histopathology diagnosis with minimally invasive Ca ex-PA findings and malignant component of high-grade epithelial/myoepithelial carcinoma and salivary duct carcinoma. Patient discharged on the fifth post-operative day without complications. CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, TORS may be a safe procedure to remove selected Ca ex-PA from the PPS; however, further research is needed.

Androgen receptor expression and prognosis in Hispanic/Latino women with triple negative breast cancer.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype that has no available molecular targets. It occurs most often in premenopausal African-American and Hispanic/Latino women. In Colombia, its prevalence has been reported to be 20.6%. Androgen receptor (AR) belongs to the steroid nuclear receptor family and has been recently considered a potential biomarker for breast cancer. Considering the high prevalence of TNBC in Colombian women and the lack of knowledge of AR expression, our aim was to determine the frequency of AR expression and its association with pathological variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 149 women diagnosed with TNBC between 2011 and 2014 were included. Clinical and pathological data were obtained from medical and pathology reports. Information on hormone receptor status, Ki67 expression and HER2 was reevaluated by a pathologist. AR expression was considered positive when it exceeded 1% of nuclear staining in tumor cells. RESULTS: AR expression was detected in 41.6% of the samples. Although we did not find statistically significant differences in clinic-pathological variables according to AR expression, patients with AR expression over 50% were younger (53.92 years vs. 60.78 years, p=0.027) and presented higher Ki67 expression (64.06% vs. 47.32%, p=0.05), compared to patients with a low AR expression. The median overall survival in our sample of TNBC patients was 2.45 years. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of AR in our sample was similar to the expression in populations of European descent. We found statistically significant differences in age at diagnosis and Ki67 expression according to AR expression.

Hidradenoma papilífero de la vulva con componente de carcinoma in situ: reporte de caso y revisión de la bibliografía / Papilliferous hidradenoma of the vulva with carcinoma in situ component: case report and literature review

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El cáncer de vulva es relativamente raro, representa menos del 1% de los tumores malignos de la mujer; su incidencia aumenta con la edad. La variedad más frecuente es el carcinoma escamoso (80 al 90%), seguido del melanoma. En este reporte se revisa un carcinoma de origen glandular, como el hidradenoma papilífero del tipo glándula mamaria (mammary-like) de la vulva. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 50 años, con una lesión papular en la vulva de dos años de evolución, con crecimiento lento y progresivo, ocasional sensación de masa y dolor, con colposcopia negativa, sin antecedentes de patología mamaria y con una biopsia previa que reportó hidradenoma papilífero vulvar. Se trató con resección completa de la lesión, con anestesia regional, con bordes libres, no se identificó algún componente infiltrante. En la actualidad permanece sin evidencia de recaída ni requerimiento de tratamientos adicionales durante el seguimiento. CONCLUSIÓN: El hidradenoma papilífero es una lesión benigna, poco frecuente, relacionada con las glándulas anogenitales de tipo mammary-like, con buen pronóstico. El tratamiento recomendado es la escisión quirúrgica, que casi siempre es curativa.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Vulvar cancer is relatively rare, representing less than 1% of malignant tumors in women; its incidence increases with age. The most frequent variety is squamous cell carcinoma (80 to 90%), followed by melanoma. In this report we review a carcinoma of glandular origin, such as papilliferous hydradenoma of the vulva of the mammary gland (mammary-like) type. CLINICAL CASE: We present a 50-year-old patient with 2 years evolution of a papular lesion on the vulva with slow and progressive growth, intermitent sensation of mass and pain, with negative colposcopy, no history of breast pathology and with a previous biopsy that reported vulvar papilliferous hydradenoma. She was treated with complete resection of the lesion under regional anesthesia, with free margins, without identifying an infiltrating component and currently without evidence of relapse or requirement of additional treatments. CONCLUSION: Papilliferous hidradenoma is a rare benign lesion related to the mammary-like anogenital glands, with a good prognosis and its recommended treatment is surgical excision, which is generally curative.

Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma of the Tongue in an Adolescent.

Alveolar soft part sarcoma is a rare malignant soft tissue neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis and aggressive clinical behavior. Alveolar soft part sarcoma arises in the head and neck in 27% of cases, with 25% of head and neck cases occurring in the tongue. Herein the case of a pediatric patient diagnosed with alveolar soft tissue sarcoma of the tongue, who received surgical treatment with total resection of the lesion and chemotherapy without radiotherapy, is presented. To date, the patient is in remission of the disease.

Odontogenic Mixoma in a Ten-Year-Old Patient.

Odontogenic myxomas are benign, rarely seen intraosseous tumors arising from the embryonic connective tissue associated to tooth formation. The authors present the case of a 10-year-old patient affected by this entity.

Cutaneous Collision Tumor Associated With Porocarcinomatous and Angiosarcomatous Components: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall.

Sarcomatoid eccrine porocarcinoma (SEP) is a very rare malignancy including epithelial and mesenchymal components exhibiting pleomorphic cells, nuclear hyperchromasia, and high mitotic activity in both elements. To date, only 6 cases of this uncommon neoplasm have been reported, corresponding to women over 70 years of age with ulcerated skin lesions. The authors describe the first sarcomatoid eccrine porocarcinoma in a 75-year-old male patient with a right hallux lesion, presenting a collision tumor with a mixed population of epithelial cells and a spindle cell angiosarcomatous mesenchymal component each expressing distinct and nonoverlapping morphologic and immunohistochemical features of epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation.

Tumor filoide en una mujer indígena colombiana / Phyllodes tumor in a Colombian indigenous woman

El tumor filoide es una neoplasia fibroepitelial de la glándula mamaria, constituida por la proliferación del componente estromal y epitelial. Se clasifica según sus características histológicas como benigno, de malignidad intermedia y maligno. Pese a que la presencia de tumor filoide se ha descrito en mujeres colombianas, no se encuentran reportes sobre su ocurrencia en mujeres indígenas. Se presenta un caso de un tumor filoide benigno en una indígena colombiana de la tribu Embera Chami, con la respectiva descripción clínica y quirúrgica, y el análisis histopatológico y de inmunohistoquímica.

The phyllodes tumor is a fibroepithelial mammary gland tumor, constituted of stromal and epithelial component. It is classified according to the histological features as benign, intermediate and malignant. Although the presence of phyllodes tumor has been described in Colombianwomen, the presentation of this tumor in indigenouswomen has not been reported. A case of a benign phyllodes tumor in a Colombian indigenouswoman from the Embera Chami tribe is presented with the clinical, surgical, histopathological and immunohistochemical description and analysis.

The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology in Colombia: Correlation with histopathological diagnoses in oncology and non-oncology institutions.

AIM: To determine the correlation between the results of thyroid fine-needle aspirations interpreted using the Bethesda system and final histopathological reports for patients at an oncology hospital (OH) and non-oncology hospitals (NOHs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed to compare the cytology and histopathology results for patients with thyroid nodules in three Colombian hospitals. The final correlation of diagnoses between the two methods is reported. In Colombia, the health system provides the existence of general care hospitals and hospitals specializing in care of patients with cancer. RESULTS: A total of 196 reports were reviewed, of which 53% were from OH and 47% were from NOHs. A greater proportion of category V (37.5%) was diagnosed at the OH, whereas NOHs diagnosed a greater proportion of category II (42.3%). The global correlation between diagnoses made using cytology and histopathology was 93.3% for categories V and VI (based on the final malignant diagnosis) and 86.9% for benign category II. Significant differences between institution types were observed when category IV and V and malignant histopathology were compared (56.3% OH vs. 23.5% NOH; P = 0.05 for category IV, 97.4% OH vs. 82.3% NOH; P = 0.03 for category V), while no significant difference between institution types was observed when category II and final benign diagnosis were compared (P = 0.6). CONCLUSIONS: The Bethesda system for thyroid cytology correlates adequately with final histopathological diagnosis in Colombia. Significant differences were identified in the diagnostic correlation for malignant lesions between the OH and NOHs in categories IV and V caused by selection bias of the population.

Implementación del Sistema Bethesda para el informe de citologia aspirativa de tiroides con seguimiento histopatológico: experiencia en un centro de tratamiento de cáncer / Implementation of the Bethesda system for cytology reporting of thyroid fine needle aspirates with histological follow-up: experience in a cancer treatment center

Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de los diagnósticos histológicos finales en el seguimiento de los estudios de citología por aspiración con aguja fina de tiroides implementados con el Sistema Bethesda (SB). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo corte transversal comparando los resultados de citología aspirativa de tiroides implementados con el SB y el resultado final de histopatología de pacientes con lesiones en la glándula tiroides que consultaron al Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Colombia, durante los años 2010 a 2012. Resultados: Se revisaron informes de citopatología y de histopatología de 104 pacientes (n = 104) con nódulos tiroideos. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 51,59 años. Los resultados de citopatología, por categorias del SB, fueron: 37,5% categoria V, 30,8% categoria VI, 15,4% categoria IV, 6,7% categorias I y II, y 2,9% categoria III. Entre los diagnósticos de histopatología, el carcinoma papilar fue el más frecuente con 76%, seguido de bocio con 6,7% de los casos. En el análisis comparativo, las categorias IV, V y VI de la citologia tenían en el diagnóstico final de histopatologia una lesión maligna en el 89,8% de los casos, y los de citologia de categoria II, benignos, en el 77% de los mismos el resultado final de histopatologia era una lesión benigna. Conclusiones: La citologia aspirativa de la glándula tiroides interpretada con el SB en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia tiene una alta calidad diagnóstica en la detección de malignidad tiroidea al compararla con el diagnóstico final de histopatologia.

Objective: To determine the frequency of the final histological diagnosis in the follow-up of cytology results of thyroid fine needle aspirates implemented using the Bethesda system (BS). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted comparing the cytology results of thyroid fine needle aspirates implemented with the BS, and the final histopathology result in patients with thyroid gland lesions, who were seen in the Colombia National Cancerology Institute during the years 2010 to 2012. Results: A review was made of the cytopathology and histopathology reports of 104 patients with thyroid nodules. The mean age of the patients was 51.9 years. The results of the cytopathology by BS categories were: 37.5% category V, 30.8% category VI, 15.4% category IV, 6.7% categories I and II, and 2.9% category III. Papillary carcinoma was the most frequent histopathology diagnosis of all the cases, with 76%, followed by goiter with 6.7%. In the comparative analysis, the cytology categories IV, V and VI, 89.8% of the cases had a malignant lesion in the final histology report, and 77% of those of category II (benign) had the same result in the final histopathology diagnosis. Conclusions: The cytology of thyroid fine needle aspirates interpreted using the BS in the National Institute of Cancerology is of high diagnostic quality in the detection of thyroid malignancy when compared with the final histopathology diagnosis.

Diagnóstico histopatológico de colitis microscópica: enfoque práctico / A practical approach to histopathologic diagnosis of microscopic colitis

La colitis linfocítica y la colitis colagenosa son las dos formas histológicas de la colitis microscópica (CM), condición médica reconocida hace más de 30 años, habitual en pacientes adultos con diarrea crónica acuosa, sin cambios endoscópicos en la mucosa del colon y cuyo diagnóstico se establece exclusivamente en el examenhistopatológico de las biopsias de colon. El objetivo de la presente revisión es familiarizar a los médicos patólogos quirúrgicos en práctica general con la morfología de la colitis linfocítica y la colitis colagenosa, así como con la importancia de los informes de patología y la de una buena comunicación con el médico endoscopista para el correcto diagnóstico de estas entidades, y brindar a estos pacientes el tratamiento adecuado.

Lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis are two histologic forms of microscopic colitis, a condition whichwas first recognized over 30 years ago. It is often found in adults with chronic, watery diarrhea although endoscopic examination of the colon is frequently normal. The diagnosis is based on microscopic examination of colonic biopsies. The aim of this review is to familiarize general surgical pathologists with the morphologic features of lymphocytic and collagenous colitis. In additional, this review emphasizes good communication with the endoscopist to allow correct recognition and ensure appropriate treatment.

Tumor del estroma gastrointestinal gástrico con metástasis inusual al cráneo / Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor with unusual skull metastasis

Los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal GIST, se originan en la pared del tracto digestivo desde el esófago al ano. Aproximadamente 25% de los GIST gástricos son clínicamente malignos y desarrollan metástasis principalmente al hígado, menos comúnmente a tejidos blandos y hueso. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con GIST gástrico y metástasis al hígado e inusualmente al cráneo.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) originate in the wall of the digestive tract from the esophagus to the anus. Approximately 25% of gastric GISTs are clinically malignant. Most often they metastasize to the liver, less commonly to soft tissues and bone. The clinical case of a patient with a gastric GIST, liver and unusual cranial metastasis is presented.

Spindle cell oncocytoma of the adenohypophysis.

Spindle cell oncocytoma of the adenohypophysis (SCO) is defined as spindle to epithelioid cells with oncocytic appearance presenting in the adenohypophysis. In contrast to pituitary adenomas, the SCO does not show immunoreactivity for neuroendocrine markers and pituitary hormones but co-expressed vimentin, S-100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and antimitochondrial antibody MU213-UC clone 131-1. We describe an SCO in an adult, a 42-year-old woman whose magnetic resonance (MR) images documented an intrasellar lesion located in the hypophysis. Histopathological examination showed a tumor composed predominantly of spindle cells. Immunohistochemical studies showed positivity for vimentin, S10, EMA, and antimitochondrial antibody MU213-UC clone 131. Cytokeratin (CK) (AE1/AE3), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), chromogranin, synaptophysin, PGP9.5, CD57, desmin, D2-40, smooth muscle actin (SMA), Bcl-2, progesterone receptor, and CD34 were negative. Neuropeptides were negative. With electron microscopy, the neoplastic cells appear filled with mitochondria, well-formed desmosomes, but lacked secretory granules. SPO is a rare non-endocrine neoplasm of the adenohypophysis with benign biological behavior corresponding to WHO grade I.

Primary yolk sac tumor of the urachus.

INTRODUCTION: Neoplasms originating from the urachus are rare. The most common urachal malignancy is adenocarcinoma, whereas extragonadal germ cell tumors, primarily of the urachus, are an extremely rare finding. OBJECTIVE: To describe a primary yolk sac tumor (YST) of the urachus in an adult. CASE REPORT: A 44-year-old woman presented with 6 months of pelvic pain associated with a sensation of progressive mass growth. At the time of tumor resection, the tumor was found to be attached by a pedicle to the dome of the bladder, with no injury to the adjacent organs. Pathological study showed a neoplasm with epithelioid cells, pseudocysts, a myxomatous background, and Schiller-Duval body formations. Immunohistochemistry stains showed positivity to AE1/AE3, α-1-fetoprotein, and α-1-antitrypsin and negativity to other markers. CONCLUSION: An unusual case of a YST in the urachus is presented. This is the first reported adult case based on the authors' bibliographic search.

Tumor fusocelular hialinizante con rosetas gigantes: reporte de un caso / Hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes: case report

Introducción: El tumor fusocelular hialinizante con rosetas gigantes es una neoplasia constituida por dos componentes histológicos, uno celular con elementos fusiformes, y el segundo representado por islas bien delimitadas casi acelulares, llenas de material hialino, rodeadas de células redondas u ovales, las cuales muestran un perfil inmunohistoquímico inusual, e histogénesis incierta. Objetivo: instruir a los patólogos y clínicos sobre este tumor, su forma de presentación y diagnósticos diferenciales. Metodología y resultados: Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 42 años con masa ubicada en región inguinal, de crecimiento progresivo (1 año), que se reseca quirúrgicamente anatomía patológica informó un tumor fusocelular hialinizante con rosetas gigantes, según hallazgos morfológicos e inmuno histoquímicos, en correlación con su localización y cuadro clínico. Conclusión: Se hace necesario ampliar el conocimiento sobre esta entidad y de esta forma obtener una adecuada evaluación de sus criterios pronósticos histológicos, comportamiento clínico y tratamiento.

Introduction: The hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes is a neoplasia characterized by both histologic components, one of which is cellular, with spindle-shaped elements and the second represented by well defined almost acellular islands filled with hyaline material surrounded by round to oval cells, which shows an unusual immunohistochemical profile and uncertain histogenesis. Objective: Educate pathologists and clinicians about this tumor, its presentation and differential diagnosis. Methods and results: A case of a 42 year old woman with a mass located in the inguinal region, with progressive growth (1 year), surgically resected and histopathology reported as Hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes according to morphological, immunohistochemical findings correlates with its location and clinical. Conclusion: It is necessary to expand awareness about this condition and thus obtain a proper assessment of histological prognostic criteria, clinical behavior and treatment.

Condroblastoma pélvico / Pelvic Chondroblastoma

Este artículo describe el caso de una mujer de 24 años de edad con un condroblastoma de localización pélvica, con una masa a la altura de la cresta iliaca derecha, de seis meses de evolución y crecimiento progresivo. Los rayos X mostraron una lesión osteolítica con densidad heterogénea y extensión hacia los tejidos blandos; el estudio histopatológico evidenció un condroblastoma. Los condroblastomas son tumores óseos benignos productores de cartílago que aparecen en las epífisis de los huesos largos de personas jóvenes. Alrededor del 75% de estos tumores afectan los huesos largos, principalmente el fémur, la tibia y el húmero; excepcionalmente se localizan en los huesos planos craneofaciales y en los huesos pélvicos. Los condroblastomas tienen características radiológicas e histopatológicas distintivas, y pese a su comportamiento biológico benigno, pueden causar una alta morbilidad para los pacientes, debido a su localización y a su tratamiento exclusivamente quirúrgico.

This article describes the case of a 24-year old woman with a pelvic chondroblastoma localized at the top of the right iliac crest, with six months of evolution and progressive growth. X-rays revealed an osteolytic lesion with heterogeneous density, extending toward soft tissue; the hisopathologic study provided evidence of chondroblastoma. Chondroblastomas are benign bone tumors producers of cartilage which appears in the long bone epiphysis of young people. Nearly 75% of such tumors affect the long bones, principally the femur, the tibia, and the humerus; exceptions include those in the flat craniofacial bones and the pelvis bones. Chondroblastomas have distinct radiological and histopathologic characteristics, and despite their benign biological behavior, can cause elevated morbidity among patients due to their localization and being treated exclusively with surgery.

Sarcoma sinovial digital / Digital Synovial Sarcoma

El sarcoma sinovial es una entidad bien definida clínica y morfológicamente y, a pesar de su nombre, es muy raro en las cavidades articulares. Este sarcoma afecta zonas sin relación aparente con las estructuras sinoviales y representa entre el 5% y el 10% de todos los sarcomas de los tejidos blandos. Se encuentra con mayor frecuencia en las extremidades, especialmente en las inferiores, donde tiende a localizarse en la vecindad de las grandes articulaciones; se han informado muy pocos casos de sarcomas sinoviales en las manos o los pies, con una evolución clínica favorable. Así mismo, es más frecuente de 15 a 40 años de edad (con una edad media de 34 años). Este artículo presenta el caso de una mujer adulta a quien se le realizó el diagnóstico histopatológico e inmunohistoquímico de un sarcoma sinovial en el quinto dedo de la mano derecha.

Synovial sarcoma is a clinically and morphologically well defined entity which, in spite of its name, is rare in joint cavities. This sarcoma affects zones without any apparent relation to synovial structures and represents from 5% to 10% of all sarcomas in soft tissues. It is most frequently found in the extremities, especially the lower ones, where it tends to be located in the vicinity of the major articulations; there are very few favorable reports on the clinical evolution of synovial sarcomas in the hands or feet. It is most frequent between the ages of 15 to 40 (median age, 34). This article presents the case of an adult woman who underwent histopathologic and immunohistochemical diagnosis of a synovial sarcoma on the little finger of her right hand.

[Bellini collecting duct renal carcinoma: case report]. / Carcinoma renal de los túbulos colectores de Belunin: presentación de caso clínico patológico.

OBJECTIVE: The collecting duct carcinoma (Bellini's carcinoma) is an unfrequent lesion; its macro and microscopic characteristics can help diagnosis. 65-year-old Colombian woman presenting left-flank and hypochondrio stub-type episodic pain associated with hematuria, nausea and weight loss. RESULTS: The diagnosis was of collecting duct carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical characteristics, macrocospic features, histology and immunohistochemistry are analyzed; we also perform a bibliography review.