Assessing the post hoc effectiveness of tixagevimab-cilgavimab for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infections in solid organ transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND: Tixagevimab-cilgavimab (Tix-Cil) was authorized for prophylaxis against COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients from December 2021 through January 2023. Real-world effectiveness for solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients has been unclear. METHODS: We enrolled 911 SOT recipients into a longitudinal COVID-19 serology study, of whom 381 (42%) received ≥1 dose of Tix-Cil. We collected and analyzed data on incident SARS-CoV-2 infections and antibody kinetics for all patients from January 2022 to March 2023, including periods dominated by Omicron BA and BQ subvariants. RESULTS: Over 253 ± 131 days of follow-up, there were 324 new-onset SARS-CoV-2 infections: 117 (31%) in Tix-Cil treated and 207 (39%) in Tix-Cil untreated patients (p = .012). In analyses adjusting for demographic, clinical, and COVID-19 exposure factors, any Tix-Cil treatment was associated with lower infection risk (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.27-0.96, p = .039) throughout the surveillance period including when more resistant BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 subvariants had emerged (12/1/2022 onwards). Among treated patients, receiving a Tix-Cil dose was associated with substantial and sustained increase in anti-spike IgG antibody and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 binding inhibition levels (Abbott Architect assay) that together also demonstrated association with lower infection risk (p = .042). During the full surveillance period, the frequency of infections requiring hospitalization was low overall (N = 26, 2.9% of the total cohort) and not significantly different between Tix-Cil recipients (N = 12, 3.2% of treated patients) and non-Tix-Cil recipients (N = 14, 2.6% of untreated patients) with unadjusted p = .31 for between-group difference. CONCLUSION: In a large cohort of SOT recipients, we found that Tix-Cil reduced infection risk even amidst emergent Omicron subvariants. Additionally, the extent of measurable humoral response to Tix-Cil may indicate relative effectiveness. Pre-exposure monoclonal antibody therapy may represent a strategy that will continue to offer clinical benefit for immunocompromised persons who are known to derive limited protection from vaccinations.

Disección coronaria espontánea: a propósito de un caso / Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: concerning a case

RESUMEN Fundamento: la disección coronaria espontánea, aunque infrecuente, es causa de infarto agudo de miocardio. Objetivo: presentar el caso de una paciente con disección coronaria espontánea como causa de infarto agudo de miocardio. Presentación del caso: paciente de 55 años, raza blanca, sexo femenino, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial esencial sistodiastólica estadio I controlada, sobrepeso, que asociado a esfuerzo físico comienza con dolor precordial típico de enfermedad coronaria. Tras realización de estudios con biomarcadores de daño miocárdico, electrocardiográficos e imagenológicos se diagnostica un síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del ST, tipo infarto agudo de miocardio no Q, Killip Kimball I; se realiza estudio coronariográfico con diagnóstico de disección coronaria espontánea, se opta por tratamiento conservador con adecuada evolución de la paciente. Conclusiones: la disección coronaria espontánea, aunque infrecuente es causa de infarto agudo de miocardio. Su presentación clínica puede ser similar a la de un síndrome coronario agudo de causa ateroesclerótica. La coronariografía es una prueba valiosa para el diagnóstico. Según sea el caso se puede elegir un tratamiento médico conservador, endovascular con colocación de stent o quirúrgico.

ABSTRACT Background: the spontaneous coronary artery dissection causes an acute myocardial infarction. Objective: to present the case of a patient suffering from spontaneous coronary artery dissection, this causes an acute myocardial infarction. Case report: a 55 years old, white, female patient with antecedents of essential systodiastolic systemic arterial hypertension stage I, overweight. Related to a physical effort, the patient begins complaining of an oppressive pre-cordial pain with typical characteristics of coronary illness. After the performance of cardiac biomarkers, electrocardiographic and imaging studies was diagnosed a non ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome type Q, Killip Kimball I acute myocardial infarction; after that a corona-graphic study was carried out with a diagnostic of spontaneous coronary dissection, and it was decided a conservative treatment, with a good recovery. Conclusion: the spontaneous coronary artery dissection, although infrequently, is cause of acute myocardial infarction. Its clinical presentation can be similar to an acute coronary syndrome caused by an atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. The coronary angiography is a valuable test for the diagnosis. As it is the case we can choose between a conservative, endovascular with stent placement treatment or surgical treatment.

Explaining age differences in the memory-experience gap.

Emotions and symptoms are often overestimated in retrospective ratings, a phenomenon referred to as the "memory-experience gap." Some research has shown that this gap is less pronounced among older compared to younger adults for self-reported negative affect, but it is not known whether these age differences are evident consistently across domains of well-being and why these age differences emerge. In this study, we examined age differences in the memory-experience gap for emotional (positive and negative affect), social (loneliness), and physical (pain, fatigue) well-being. We also tested four variables that could plausibly explain age differences in the gap: (a) episodic memory and executive functioning, (b) the age-related positivity effect, (c) variability of daily experiences, and (d) socially desirable responding. Adults (n = 477) from three age groups (21-44, 45-64, 65+ years old) participated in a 21-day diary study. Participants completed daily end-of-day ratings and retrospective ratings of the same constructs over different recall periods (3, 7, 14, and 21 days). Results showed that, relative to young and middle-aged adults, older adults had a smaller memory-experience gap for negative affect and loneliness. Lower day-to-day variability partly explained why the gap was smaller for older adults. There was no evidence that the magnitude of the memory-experience gap for positive affect, pain or fatigue depended on age. We recommend that future research considers how variability in daily experiences can impact age differences in retrospective self-reports of well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

The Effect of Training on Participant Adherence With a Reporting Time Frame for Momentary Subjective Experiences in Ecological Momentary Assessment: Cognitive Interview Study.

BACKGROUND: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has the potential to minimize recall bias by having people report on their experiences in the moment (momentary model) or over short periods (coverage model). This potential hinges on the assumption that participants provide their ratings based on the reporting time frame instructions prescribed in the EMA items. However, it is unclear what time frames participants actually use when answering the EMA questions and whether participant training improves participants' adherence to the reporting instructions. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the reporting time frames participants used when answering EMA questions and whether participant training improves participants' adherence to the EMA reporting timeframe instructions. METHODS: Telephone-based cognitive interviews were used to investigate the research questions. In a 2×2 factorial design, participants (n=100) were assigned to receive either basic or enhanced EMA training and randomized to rate their experiences using a momentary (at the moment you were called) or a coverage (since the last phone call) model. Participants received five calls over the course of a day to provide ratings; after each rating, participants were immediately interviewed about the time frame they used to answer the EMA questions. A total of 2 raters independently coded the momentary interview responses into time frame categories (Cohen κ=0.64, 95% CI 0.55-0.73). RESULTS: The results from the momentary conditions showed that most of the calls referred to the period during the call (57/199, 28.6%) or just before the call (98/199, 49.2%) to provide ratings; the remainder were from longer reporting periods. Multinomial logistic regression results indicated a significant training effect (χ21=16.6; P<.001) in which the enhanced training condition yielded more reports within the intended reporting time frames for momentary EMA reports. Cognitive interview data from the coverage model did not lend themselves to reliable coding and were not analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provide the first evidence about adherence to EMA instructions to reporting periods and that enhanced participant training improves adherence to the time frame specified in momentary EMA studies.

Enfoque integral del dolor por cáncer en pacientes en edad pediátrica / Comprehensive Approach to Cancer Pain in Pediatric Patients

RESUMEN El cáncer se consideraba una enfermedad rara en niños y adolescentes, sin embargo, en las últimas décadas ha habido un aumento considerable de este padecimiento. Según la Unión Internacional Contra el Cáncer las estadísticas señalan que cada año más de 160 mil niños son diagnosticados. El dolor es un síntoma cardinal en estos pacientes. La evaluación es compleja y requiere entrenamiento en el uso de escalas diseñadas y validadas para las distintas edades. El manejo del dolor por cáncer en los niños es un gran reto, pero al mismo tiempo una oportunidad para el personal de la salud de ejercer sus conocimientos y habilidades para ayudarlos. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo exponer las principales características del dolor por cáncer en pediatría, su evaluación y manejo, sobre la base de los conocimientos fisiopatológicos, teniendo en cuenta los aspectos referenciados en lo más actualizado de la literatura especializada. Se realizó un enfoque integral que incluye tanto medidas farmacológicas como no farmacológicas.

ABSTRACT Cancer was considered a rare disease in children and adolescents; however, in recent years there has indicate that each year more than 160 thousand children are diagnosed. Pain is a cardinal symptom been a considerable increase in this disease. According to the International Union Against Cancer, statistics in these patients. The evaluation is complex and requires training in the use of scales designed and validated for different ages. Managing cancer pain in children is a great challenge, but at the same times an opportunity for health personnel to exercise their knowledge and skills to help them. This work aims to expose the main characteristics of pain from cancer in pediatrics, its evaluation and management, based on the pathophysiological knowledge, taking into account the aspects referenced in the most current specialized literature. All through a comprehensive approach that includes both pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures.

Calidad en la anestesia espinal con bupivacaína más fentanyl para pacientes con fractura intertrocantérica de cadera / The spinal anesthesia using Bupivacain plus Fentanyl for patients presenting with hip intertrochanter fracture: Its quality

Introducción: La anestesia espinal es la técnica más utilizada en la cirugía de la fractura de cadera. Se ha intentado disminuir las dosis de anestésico local al añadir opioides, sin que se afecte su calidad. Objetivo: Analizar el comportamiento de la tensión arterial media, así como la calidad de la anestesia al emplear bajas dosis de bupivacaína con fentanyl subaracnoidea en el anciano operado de fractura de cadera de urgencia. Metodología: Se diseñó un estudio prospectivo aleatorizado y doble ciego en 430 pacientes con fractura intertrocantèrica de cadera, distribuidos en dos grupos. En el grupo F se suministró fentanilo 50 µg y bupivacaína 5 mg, en el grupo B 10 mg de bupivacaína. Después de la raquianestesia fueron analizadas las variables tensión arterial media, necesidad de vasoconstrictor, tiempo de latencia para bloqueo motor y sensitivo, así como la calidad del bloqueo de los mismos y la presencia de efectos adversos Resultados: Los grupos fueron homogéneos. El grupo F presentó mayor estabilidad de la tensión arterial media. El nivel de bloqueo fue suficiente en todos los casos para realizar la intervención aunque la intensidad del bloqueo motor fue menor en los pacientes del grupo F (p< 0,01). En el grupo F el efecto secundario mas frecuente fue el prurito (p< 0,01) y en el grupo B la hipotensión arterial (p< 0,01). Conclusión: La asociación de fentanyl al anestésico local en la anestesia subaracnoidea en el paciente anciano es una técnica efectiva que permite mantener una mayor estabilidad hemodinámica, con una reducción de la dosis de bupivacaína.

Introduction: Spinal anesthesia is the more used technique used in the surgery of hip fracture. We tried to decrease the local anesthesia dose adding opiates without affection of its quality. Objective: to analyze behavior of mean arterial tension, as well as of anesthesia quality using low doses of Bupivacain plus Fentanyl by subarachnoid route in the elder operated on from a emergence hip fracture. Methodologies: We designed a double-blind, randomized and prospective study in 430 patients presenting with hip intertrochanter fracture divided into two groups. In the F group we gave Fentanyl (50µg and Bupivacain (5 mg) and in the B Bupivacain (10 mg). After rachial-therapy we analyzed the following variables: mean arterial tension, need of vasoconstrictor, latency time for a motor and sensitive blockade, as well as its quality of both drugs, and the presence of adverse effects. Results: Both groups were homogenous. Group F had a greater stability of mean arterial tension. Blockade level was enough in all cases to perform the intervention although motor blockade intensity was minor in all patients of group F (p < 0, 01), in this same group, secondary the effect was more frequent was the pruritus (p < 0,01), and in group B, arterial hypotension one (p <0,01). Conclusion: Association of Fentanyl-local anesthetic agent in subarachnoid anesthesia in elder is an effective technique allows maintaining a greater hemodynamic stability, with a reduction of Bupivacain dose.