Mindfulness-based interventions for the treatment of smoking: a systematic literature review.

OBJECTIVES: Smoking is a chronic process in which craving and negative affect are considered the main barriers to maintaining abstinence in patients who have gone through treatment. Mindfulness-based interventions have presented encouraging preliminary results in follow-up lasting up to 6 months. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic literature review on the effects of mindfulness-based interventions for the treatment of smoking. METHODS: Of 198 articles on mindfulness and smoking, 13 controlled empirical studies were selected for the analysis. The search included papers published through April 14, 2014. The databases used were Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus. RESULTS: Scientific interest on mindfulness-based interventions for the treatment of smoking has increased over the past decade. All articles reported promising results, especially for smoking cessation, relapse prevention, number of cigarettes smoked, the moderation of mindfulness on the strength of relationship between craving and smoking, and the development of coping strategies to deal with triggers to smoke. Most of the articles corresponded to pilot or feasibility randomized controlled trials with low risk of bias regarding random sequence generation, attrition, and reporting. However, few articles reported sufficient data on selection, performance, and detection bias. CONCLUSIONS: Mindfulness appears to induce positive effects on mental health, which might contribute to the maintenance of tobacco abstinence. Despite the promising results regarding the responses of tobacco smokers to mindfulness-based interventions, additional well-designed clinical studies are needed.

Esgotamento entre profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde / Burnout Syndrome in Primary Health Care Professionals

O esgotamento profissional (EP) caracteriza-se por exaustão emocional, despersonalização, e baixa realização profissional, podendo ocorrer entre profissionais da saúde. Este artigo avalia o EP entre trabalhadores da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) em três municípios de pequeno porte da Zona da Mata Mineira. O estudo analisa a associação por regressão logística entre EP, aspectos socioeconômicos, demográficos e aspectos do trabalho. Um total de 149 profissionais foi selecionado, destes, 107 responderam a todos os questionários. Para mensurar o EP, foi utilizado o Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) e, para a caracterização dos profissionais, foi utilizado outro questionário segundo três diferentes questões: aspectos individuais, sociodemográficos e área de cobertura da equipe. Foram classificados 101 profissionais com indicação positiva para EP. As variáveis presentes no modelo de regressão logística backward stepwise, associadas positivamente com indicativo de esgotamento profissional foram: possuir idade inferior à mediana da população (> 29,5 anos) e fazer uso de medicamentos "calmantes, tranquilizantes e remédios para dormir". Os resultados contribuem para identificar fatores associados com o esgotamento profissional e apontam, neste sentido, para a necessidade de investigações mais detalhadas.

Burnout is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low occupational performance, which may occur among health professionals. This article evaluates burnout among workers in Primary Health Care (PHC) in three small towns in the Zona da Mata Mineira. The study analyzes associations by logistic regression between burnout, socioeconomic, and demographic aspects of work. A total of 149 professionals were selected, 107 of these responded to all questionnaires. To measure burnout, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used and to characterize the professional, a questionnaire assessing three different issues - namely individual and sociodemographic aspects and team area coverage - was used. 101 professionals were classified with positive indication for burnout. The variables present in the backward stepwise logistic regression model positively associated with indicative of burnout were: being younger than the population average (> 29.5 years) and use of drugs, including sedatives, tranquilizers and sleeping pills. The results contribute to the identification of factors associated with burnout and therefore highlight the need for more detailed investigation.

[Burnout syndrome in primary health care professionals]. / Esgotamento entre profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde.

Burnout is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low occupational performance, which may occur among health professionals. This article evaluates burnout among workers in Primary Health Care (PHC) in three small towns in the Zona da Mata Mineira. The study analyzes associations by logistic regression between burnout, socioeconomic, and demographic aspects of work. A total of 149 professionals were selected, 107 of these responded to all questionnaires. To measure burnout, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used and to characterize the professional, a questionnaire assessing three different issues - namely individual and sociodemographic aspects and team area coverage - was used. 101 professionals were classified with positive indication for burnout. The variables present in the backward stepwise logistic regression model positively associated with indicative of burnout were: being younger than the population average (> 29.5 years) and use of drugs, including sedatives, tranquilizers and sleeping pills. The results contribute to the identification of factors associated with burnout and therefore highlight the need for more detailed investigation.