Influences of Early Rehabilitation Nursing on Motor Function, Swallowing Function as Well as Quality of Life in Stroke Patients.

Background: Stroke is a major cause of long-term disability in adults. Routine nursing mainly meets the life needs of patients through the intervention of patients' general life but only provides the most basic services for patients, which makes it difficult to meet the requirements of patients' physical exercise and other aspects, affecting the prognosis. Early rehabilitation after a stroke is important for the recovery of bodily functions in stroke patients. However, the impacts of early rehabilitation nursing on motor function, swallowing function as well as quality of life in stroke patients remain to be further explored. Objective: To investigate the effects of early rehabilitation nursing on motor function, swallowing function as well as quality of life in stroke patients. Design: This was a randomized, single-blind, controlled experiment. Setting: This study was carried out in the neurology department at Xuzhou Central Hospital. Participants: A total of 116 acute stroke patients validated by craniocerebral computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from January 2021 to December 2022 were chosen and separated into the control group (n=58) and research group (n=58) following the random number method. Interventions: The control group was given routine nursing. The research group implemented early rehabilitation nursing 24 hours after admission on the basis of the control group. Primary Outcome Measures: (1) recovery of swallowing dysfunction (2) recovery of limb function (3) self-care ability (4) sleep quality (5) quality of life and (6) total satisfaction of patients. Results: The research group had an elevated total effective rate of swallowing dysfunction recovery in contrast to the control group after nursing (P < .05). The recovery of limb function, self-care ability, sleep quality, and quality of life were promoted in both groups, followed by nursing (P < .05), and those in the research group were higher relative to the control group (P < .05). The total satisfaction of patients in the research group presented higher relative to the control group (P < .05). Conclusion: The application effect of early rehabilitation nursing in acute stroke patients is outstanding, and the swallowing dysfunction and limb dysfunction of patients can be effectively improved, which has a high nursing value and is worth promoting and applying. Therefore, an early physical rehabilitation program for acute stroke inpatients should be considered for implementation in clinical settings.

Recent developments and perspectives of MXene-Based heterostructures in photocatalysis.

Energy crises and environmental degradation are serious in recent years. Inexhaustible solar energy can be used for photocatalytic hydrogen production or CO2 reduction to reduce CO2 emissions. At present, the development of efficient photocatalysts is imminent. MXene as new two-dimensional (2D) layered material, has been used in various fields in recent years. Based on its high conductivity, adjustable band gap structure and sizable specific surface area, the MXene is beneficial to hasten the separation and reduce the combination of photoelectron-hole pairs in photocatalysis. Nevertheless, the re-stacking of layers because of the strong van der Waals force and hydrogen bonding interactions seriously hinder the development of MXene material as photocatalysts. By contrast, the MXene-based heterostructures composed of MXene nanosheets and other materials not only effectively suppress the re-stacking of layers, but also show the superior synergistic effects in photocatalysis. Herein, the recent progress of the MXene-based heterostructures as photocatalysts in energy and environment fields is summarized in this review. Particularly, new synthetic strategies, morphologies, structures, and mechanisms of MXene-based heterostructures are highlighted in hydrogen production, CO2 reduction, and pollutant degradation. In addition, the structure-activity relationship between the synthesis strategy, components, morphology and structure of MXene-based heterostructures, and their photocatalytic properties are elaborated in detail. Finally, a summary and the perspectives on improving the application study of the heterostructures in photocatalysis are presented.

Dual-Conductive CoSe2 @TiSe2 -C Heterostructures Promoting Overall Sulfur Redox Kinetics under High Sulfur Loading and Lean Electrolyte.

Although lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) possess a high theoretical specific capacity and energy density, the inherent problems including sluggish sulfur conversion kinetics and the shuttling of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) have severely hindered the development of LSBs. Herein, cobalt selenide (CoSe2 ) polyhedrons anchored on few-layer TiSe2 -C nanosheets derived from Ti3 C2 Tx MXenes (CoSe2 @TiSe2 -C) are reported for the first time. The dual-conductive CoSe2 @TiSe2 -C heterostructures can accelerate the conversion reaction from liquid LiPSs to solid Li2 S and promote Li2 S dissociation process through high conductivity and lowered reaction energy barriers for promoting overall sulfur redox kinetics, especially under high sulfur loadings and lean electrolyte. Electrochemical analysis and density functional theory calculation results clearly reveal the catalytic mechanisms of the CoSe2 @TiSe2 -C heterostructures from the electronic structure and atomic level. As a result, the cell with CoSe2 @TiSe2 -C interlayer maintains a superior cycling performance with 842.4 mAh g-1  and a low-capacity decay of 0.031% per cycle over 800 cycles at 1.0 C under a sulfur loading of 2.5 mg cm-2 . More encouragingly, it with a high sulfur loading of ≈7.0 mg cm-2  still harvests a high areal capacity of ≈6.25 mAh cm-2  under lean electrolyte (electrolyte/sulfur, E/S ≈ 4.5 µL mg-1 ) after 50 cycles at 0.05 C.

Molecular identification and functional analysis of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis -associated factor-1 (XAF1) in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella.

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) -associated factor 1 (XAF1) is an interferon-stimulated gene which exhibits pro-apoptosis effect. In this study, XAF1 was characterized from grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and its expression pattern and function were analyzed. The open reading frame (orf) of XAF1 is 789 nucleotides (nt) encoding 262 amino acids. SMART online search results showed that a C2H2-type and six C2HC-type zinc-fingers were found in XAF1, however, the XAF1 of grass carp showed high sequence identity to zebrafish (71%), low sequence identity to tetrapods (21-22%). Rt-qPCR results showed that XAF1 was constitutively expressed in all tested organs/tissues with highest expression in blood. An inductive expression of XAF1 at mRNA level was observed in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) and C. idellus kidney cells (CIKs) after treatment with C. idellus recombinant interferon-γ (rIFNg). Overexpressing XAF1 in CIKs exhibited resistance against grass carp reovirus (GCRV) and more sensitivity to cisplatin. These results implied a functional homologue of XAF1 in evolution, however the mechanism may require further investigation.

Rapid screening for autoimmune diseases using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and deep learning algorithms.

Introduce: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and osteoarthritis (OA) are three rheumatic immune diseases with many common characteristics. If left untreated, they can lead to joint destruction and functional limitation, and in severe cases, they can cause lifelong disability and even death. Studies have shown that early diagnosis and treatment are key to improving patient outcomes. Therefore, a rapid and accurate method for rapid diagnosis of diseases has been established, which is of great clinical significance for realizing early diagnosis of diseases and improving patient prognosis. Methods: This study was based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with a deep learning model to achieve non-invasive, rapid, and accurate differentiation of AS, RA, OA, and healthy control group. In the experiment, 320 serum samples were collected, 80 in each group. AlexNet, ResNet, MSCNN, and MSResNet diagnostic models were established by using a machine learning algorithm. Result: The range of spectral wave number measured by four sets of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is 700-4000 cm-1. Serum spectral characteristic peaks were mainly at 1641 cm-1(amide I), 1542 cm-1(amide II), 3280 cm-1(amide A), 1420 cm-1(proline and tryptophan), 1245 cm-1(amide III), 1078 cm-1(carbohydrate region). And 2940 cm-1 (mainly fatty acids and cholesterol). At the same time, AlexNet, ResNet, MSCNN, and MSResNet diagnostic models are established by using machine learning algorithms. The multi-scale MSResNet classification model combined with residual blocks can use convolution modules of different scales to extract different scale features and use resblocks to solve the problem of network degradation, reduce the interference of spectral measurement noise, and enhance the generalization ability of the network model. By comparing the experimental results of the other three models AlexNet, ResNet, and MSCNN, it is found that the MSResNet model has the best diagnostic performance and the accuracy rate is 0.87. Conclusion: The results prove the feasibility of serum Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with a deep learning algorithm to distinguish AS, RA, OA, and healthy control group, which can be used as an effective auxiliary diagnostic method for these rheumatic immune diseases.

Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning algorithms for rapid detection Primary Sjögren's syndrome associated with interstitial lung disease.

BACKGROUND: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a major complication of Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients.It is one of the main factors leading to death. The aim of this study is to evaluate the value of serum Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning algorithms in the discriminatory diagnosis of patients with Primary Sjögren's syndrome associated with interstitial lung disease (pSS-ILD). METHODS: Raman spectroscopy was performed on the serum of 30 patients with pSS, 28 patients with pSS-ILD and 30 healthy controls (HC). First, the data were pre-processed using baseline correction, smoothing, outlier removal and normalization operations. Then principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the dimension of data. Finally, support vector machine(SVM), k nearest neighbor (KNN) and random forest (RF) models are established for classification. RESULTS: In this study, SVM, KNN and RF were used as classification models, where SVM chooses polynomial kernel function (poly). The average accuracy, sensitivity, and precision of the three models were obtained after dimensionality reduction. The Accuracy of SVM (poly) was 5.71% higher than KNN and 6.67% higher than RF; Sensitivity was 5.79% higher than KNN and 8.56% higher than RF; Precision was 6.19% higher than KNN and 7.45% higher than RF. It can be seen that the SVM (poly) had better discriminative effect. In summary, SVM (poly) had a fine classification effect, and the average accuracy, sensitivity and precision of this model reached 89.52%, 91.27% and 89.52%, respectively, with an AUC value of 0.921. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that serum RS combined with machine learning algorithms is a valuable tool for diagnosing patients with pSS-ILD. It has promising applications.

Neuroprotection of edaravone on the hippocampus of kainate-induced epilepsy rats through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Epilepsy is a severe and chronic neurological disease. Edaravone is an effective free radical scavenger and has been reported to prevent neuronal loss induced by Kainate (KA). However, the molecular mechanisms by which edaravone inhibits KA-induced neuron injury remain elusive. Seventy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups. For KA treatment, Kainate (4 µg/kg) were administrated in the right hippocampus CA3 region with sereotactic technique. And for edaravone treatment, the rats were intraperitoneal injection with edaravone (10 mg kg - 1 d - 1). All rats were sacrificed on the seven day after the injection of KA. Histological changes of the hippocampus, CA1, CA3 and CA4 were observed under thionine staining. Histological changes of CA1 and CA3 were divided into the following 4 grades (histological grade,HG) under light microscope. The release of inflammatory cytokines was measured by ELISA assay. The inflammatory proteins and Nrf2 and HO-1 expression were determined by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blots analysis. Treatment with edaravone increased the neuronal density and decreased the neuronal damage degree in the CA1, CA3 subfield induced by KA. Besides, edaravone reduced the downregulation of the mRNA and protein expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 induced by KA. Moreover, edaravone decreased the levels of NF-κB (P65) and proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6 and the inflammatory proteins expression levels, HMGB1, nNOS, iNOS and eNOS in the hippocampus. However, introduction of Nrf2-siRNA and HO-1 inhibitor (Znpp) reversed the effects of edaravone on KA-injected rats. Edaravone can protect hippocampal neurons from damage in KA-induced epilepsy rats through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

[The prevalence of hyperuricemia in Xinjiang Kazaks in Fuhaii].

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) in Kazak population in Fuhai county, Xinjiang Aletai area. METHODS: A randomized cross-sectional cluster sampling was performed in Kazaks in Fuhai. A total of 2 006 inhabitants were investigated by household survey. The questionnaires were completed for general performance, past illness history and family history. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure were measured and recorded. Fasting blood samples were collected for serum uric acid and other biochemical tests. RESULTS: (1) Finally a total of 1 921 Kazaks were enrolled.The serum uric acid level in Kazaks in Fuhai was (234.11 ± 82.56) µmol/L, which was higher in males (287.48 ± 80.27) µmol/L than that in females (201.03 ± 64.74) µmol/L (P<0.001). In HUA group, serum uric acid level also had significant difference between men and women [(498.93 ± 130.24) µmol/L vs (471.20 ± 167.71) µmol/L; P = 0.044]. (2) the prevalence of HUA in Kazak general population was 2.97% (57/1 921). After standardization according to the natural population survey in 2000, the standardized rate in general group was 3.34%, in which the prevalence in males (4.76%, standardized rate was 4.64%) was higher than that in females (1.85%, standardized rate was 1.88%) (P<0.001). There was no gout found in 1 921 Kazaks in Fuhan when the study was taken. (3) Cohorts of different dietary habit ( who preferred vegetable or meat or both of them) who had drunk alcohol had higher prevalence of HUA than those with vegetarian diet without alcohol group (7.69%, 5.66% and 5.62% vs 0.78%; all P<0.05). The cohort who preferred animal food with alcohol had higher prevalence of HUA than those who preferred both vegetable and meat without alcohol (5.66% vs 5.62%; P = 0.009). (4) In men, those who had stable career, higher degree of education, regular income, had higher HUA prevalence than other cohorts. (5) people with HUA had higher plasma TC, TG, LDL, urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, higher blood pressure and higher BMI. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of HUA was lower in Kazaks in Fuhai than that in other areas in China. Males were more susceptible to HUA. diet, occupation, educational background and economic status may partly affect the prevalence of HUA in Kazaks in Fuhai.