The Effect of VASER Abdominal Liposuction on Metabolic Profile in Overweight Males.

The aim of the current study was to examine the liposuction-induced metabolic changes with regard to release of major adipokines and insulin sensitivity in overweight male patients. Seventeen overweight male patients aged 37.15 ± 9.60 years (6 with diabetes type 2, 11 without comorbidities) and 10 age-matched healthy lean controls were enrolled in the study. Using Vibration Amplification of Sound Energy at Resonance System, ultrasound assisted liposuction was applied onto the deep layers of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. The mean volume supranatant fat was 2208 ± 562 ml. To eliminate the confounding effects of postsurgical inflammation and to evaluate delayed metabolic effects, fasting blood was collected on the day of liposuction, within 1 to 2 months and more than 6 months after surgery. Serum leptin, soluble receptor for leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and glucose concentrations were tested and insulin sensitivity was calculated using updated model Homeostasis Model Assessment 2. Both treatment groups (diabetic and nondiabetic patients) experienced similar postsurgical weight reduction with concomitant lowering of body mass index value at 1 to 2 months follow-up, which was sustained after 6 months from surgery. Improvement in insulin sensitivity at 1 to 2 months follow-up was observed ( p = .017 and p = .002, for diabetics and nondiabetics, respectively) and this change persisted over the next 4 months. At the same time, no significant changes in adipokines and soluble leptin receptor were found. These data demonstrate that in terms of metabolic consequences, Vibration Amplification of Sound Energy at Resonance abdominal liposuction might have beneficial effects in overweight diabetic and nondiabetic males by improving their insulin sensitivity.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors reduce oxidative stress intensity in hyperglicemic conditions in rats independently from bradykinin receptor inhibitors.

AIM: To investigate whether endogenous bradykinin is involved in the antioxidant action of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) in acute hyperglycemia. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided into the normoglycemic group (n=40) and the hyperglycemic group (n=40). Hyperglycemia was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in 0.1 mol/L citrate buffer (pH 4.5) 72 hours before sacrifice. The normoglycemic group received the same volume of citrate buffer. Each group was divided into five subgroups (n=8): control group, captopril group, captopril + bradykinin B1 and B2 receptor antagonists group, enalapril group, and enalapril + bradykinin B1 and B2 receptor antagonists group. Captopril, enalapril, B1 and B2 receptor antagonists, or 0.15 mol/L NaCl were given at 2 and 1 hour before sacrifice. Oxidative status was determined by measuring the concentration of malondialdehyde and H2O2, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). RESULTS: In STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats ACEIs significantly reduced H2O2 concentration, while they significantly enhanced SOD and GPx activity. The hyperglycemic group treated simultaneously with ACEIs and bradykinin B1 and B2 receptor antagonists showed a significant decrease in H2O2 concentration compared to the control hyperglycemic group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest the existence of the bradykinin -independent antioxidative effect of ACEIs in hyperglycemic conditions, which is not related to the bradykinin mediation and the structure of the drug molecule.

Selected oxidative stress markers in gynecological laparoscopy.

INTRODUCTION: The surgical stress response after laparoscopy is smaller when compared with open surgery, and it is expected that after minimally invasive surgery the possible development of oxidative stress will be less severe. AIM: To evaluate markers of pro-oxidant activity - levels of lipid peroxides and malondialdehyde - and activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the perioperative period in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopy and to determine whether the duration of laparoscopy can affect these changes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 64 patients, divided into two groups: group 1 with duration of laparoscopy up to 20 min, and group 2 with duration of the operation over 40 min. Blood samples were collected before anesthesia, 5 min after release of pneumoperitoneum, and 10 h after surgery. RESULTS: A statistically significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxides and malondialdehyde in samples collected after surgery was found in comparison with values obtained before surgery. Also statistically significant differences existed between groups of patients with different duration of surgery. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity values were significantly decreased. They were also significantly different between the two groups with different duration of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, levels of the markers of pro-oxidant activity increased and levels of the markers of antioxidant enzymes decreased, suggesting development of oxidative stress. The duration of laparoscopic procedures affects the severity of the presented changes.

[Hypothermia--mechanism of action and pathophysiological changes in the human body]. / Hipotermia ­ mechanizm dzialania i patofizjologiczne zmiany w organizmie czlowieka

This review focuses on the physiological responses and pathophysiological changes induced by hypothermia. Normal body function depends on its ability to maintain thermal homeostasis. The human body can be divided arbitrarily into two thermal compartments: a core compartment (trunk and head), with precisely regulated temperature around 37°C, and a peripheral compartment (skin and extremities) with less strictly controlled temperature, and lower than the core temperature. Thermoregulatory processes occur in three phases: afferent thermal sensing, central regulation, mainly by the preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus, and efferent response. Exposure to cold induces thermoregulatory responses including cutaneous vasoconstriction, shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis, and behavioral changes. Alterations of body temperature associated with impaired thermoregulation, decreased heat production or increased heat loss can lead to hypothermia. Hypothermia is defined as a core body temperature below 35ºC, and may be classified according to the origin as accidental (e.g. caused by exposure to a cold environment, drugs, or illness) or intentional (i.e. therapeutic), or by the degree of hypothermia as mild, moderate or severe. Classification by temperature is not universal. Lowering of body temperature disrupts the physiological processes at the molecular, cellular and system level, but hypothermia induced prior to cardiosurgical or neurosurgical procedures, by the decrease in tissue oxygen demand, can reduce the risk of cerebral or cardiac ischemic damage. Therapeutic hypothermia has been recommended as a clinical procedure in situations characterized by ischemia, such as cardiac arrest, stroke and brain injuries.

The assessment of selected factors influencing intent to get pregnant in the Greater Poland Region.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Nowadays, people decide to have a baby by first analysing their financial situation. Tradition is no longer a factor which determines the decision whether or not to have a baby. A prognosis of the Polish Central Statistical Office (GUS) shows that the population of Poland will fall from 38 to 36 million by 2035. The aim of this study is to assess the procreation behaviour of women in Greater Poland Region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the research purpose, 3,120 women of reproductive age were examined by using an author designed questionnaire and a synthetic Family Financial Standard Index. RESULTS: 74.6% of the respondents lived in an urban area, 25.4% of women come from a rural area. 49% of examined women did not want to have a bigger family, 45% would like to have another child. Analysis of the reasons why women did not want to have another baby revealed that predominance of the financial factor - 67%, living conditions - 18.4% and health- 13.2%. Only 11.9% of the women declared their high financial status, 4.8% of families received family allowance from the government; 88.4% of the examined families did not receive any social benefits. Bad housing situation was declared by 5% of the respondents, 26.7% of the interviewees lived with family members, i.e. parents or grandparents. Analysis of the data concerning religious bonds showed that 67.6% of women declared their indifference to religion. CONCLUSIONS: The economic factor was an important reason limiting procreation. The bad situation on the real estate market combined with an insufficient range of social welfare led to a decrease in the birth-rate in the Greater Poland region. The impact of religion on family planning was less important. The influence of the analysed socio-economic factors on family planning was similar in rural and urban areas.

Sexual initiation of youths in selected European countries compared with their sexual and contraceptive knowledge.

The problem of educating youths entering adult life is as old as the history of mankind. The data shown in the introduction indicate that the methods of education depend on culture, religion, climatic zone, and a whole chain of events characteristic for the place where the young man grows up. Research data, however, show that adolescents of the former Eastern Bloc use contraceptives significantly less often and have a more traditional approach to the relationships between a man and a woman. They are, however, more likely to engage in random sexual contacts and accompanied dangerous sexual behaviours. Polish youths have a more liberal approach to the norms concerning sexual activity. The age of sexual initiation lowers gradually, but not as radically as over the western border. These changes occur at a slower rate than in other European countries. Sexual education, which is supposed to prepare the young man, responsible and fully aware of his actions, for adult life, also develops at a slower rate.

Occurrence of neurotic and anxiety disorders in rural schoolchildren and the role of physical exercise as a method to support their treatment.

INTRODUCTION: School anxiety has become a common problem in children and adolescents. Despite numerous studies, it is difficult to definitely identify the cause of neurotic disorders in school-age children. The objective of the presented study was to assess the prevalence of neurotic disorders in rural schoolchildren and the role of physical activity as a method to support their treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study consisted of 123 girls and 117 boys living in rural areas of Wielkopolska. A questionnaire was provided evaluating family status, family relationships, school situation, somatic symptoms related to being at school, and the frequency of physical activity. RESULTS: It was found that over the 50% of children considered the relations with siblings as correct, but also acknowledged that there were a conflict situations in their relationship. Nearly 25% of children indicated an emotional irrelevance with their parents. About 20% of the young people did not like going to school or were afraid to stay there. Over the 50% of children declared somato-emotional problems associated with the being at school. The symptoms of neurotic disorders were more strongly expressed and more common in girls. Analysis of physical activity indicated that only a small group of young people practiced sport regularly, and an even smaller percentage of children exercised with their parents and/or peers. CONCLUSIONS: The development of somatic and emotional disturbances in children may be associated with irregular family and school relationships and low physical activity. It was found that gender had a significant influence on most of the studied parameters.

The influence of glimepiride on the binding kinetics of insulin with its skeletal muscle and liver receptors in rats with short term and prolonged hyperglycemia induced by streptozotocin.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to determine the influence of glimepiride on the binding kinetics of insulin with its skeletal muscle receptor in rats with transient and prolonged hyperglycemia induced by streptozotocin. MATERIAL/METHODS: The studies were performed on healthy male Wistar rats with a body mass of 220+/-30 g, fed with LSM-type standard chow, and given water ad libitum. Transient or prolonged hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin. Blood samples were taken from the right heart ventricle to heparinized test tubes and centrifuged for 10 minutes at 700 i. g. Plasma was collected and the glucose level was determined. From each animal 1 g of skeletal muscle and 1 g of liver were collected as well, placed in liquid nitrogen and stored until determination of the affinity and number of receptors. RESULTS: We found an increase in affinity and binding capacity of high- and low-affinity receptors in rats with both transient and prolonged streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia. The affinity and binding capacity of receptors increased under the influence of glimepiride in transient hyperglycemia caused by streptozotocin administration. CONCLUSIONS: The affinity and binding capacity of receptors increased under the influence of glimepiride in the course of transient hyperglycemia. The lack of changes in the specific insulin binding and binding capacity of receptors of both low and high affinity in the group of animals with prolonged hyperglycemia requires explanation.

The influence of glimepiride on the oxidative state of rats with streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this work was to determine whether glimepiride, a derivate of sulphonylurea of the hypoglycemic effect, influences the level of prooxidative factors and antioxidative enzymes activity in the course of experimental streptozotocin hyperglycemia in rats. MATERIAL/METHODS: The studies were performed on healthy male Wistar rats of body weight 200+/-30 g, fed with the standard laboratory diet and given water ad libitum. Animals were divided into 3 groups, each consisting of 8 rats. Group I--control animals, Group II--animals in which experimental hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body mass), Group III--animals which were given glimepiride orally for seven weeks (200 mg/kg of body mass), starting 24 hours after streptozotocin administration. Using Ohkawa method, malondialdehyde level was determined in plasma for all groups. Concentration of hydrogen peroxide was determined using method developed by Frew and co-workers, superoxide dismutase activity using the Misra and Fridovich method and activity of glutathione peroxidase by means of Ransel kit [Randox, Great Britain]. The decrease of glucose level in serum of rats under the influence of streptozotocin and glimepiride was observed when compared with the group given placebo. RESULTS: Glimepiride administration caused a decrease of peroxides and malondialdehyde levels and increase in activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in rats, after streptozotocin had been administered. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that glimepiride may effectively inhibit the development of the oxidative stress in diabetes.