Prospective Longitudinal Study of Dynamics of Human Papillomavirus 6 and 11 Infection in Anogenital Hairs and Eyebrows of Male Patients with Anogenital Warts and Age-Matched Controls.

To better understand the natural history of anogenital warts (AGWs) and the dynamics of HPV6/11 infection in regional hairs, 32 newly diagnosed male patients with AGWs and 32 age-matched healthy controls were closely followed. During enrollment and six follow-up visits (every 2.6 months), 43 AGW tissues and 1232 anogenital and eyebrow hair samples were collected. This is the closest longitudinal monitoring of AGW patients to date. Patients were treated according to standards of care. The HPV6/11 prevalence was 19.9% in the patients' hair samples (HPV6 B1 in 53.1%) and 0% in the controls. The highest HPV6/11 prevalence was found in pubic hairs (29.0%) and the lowest in eyebrows (7.1%). The odds of having HPV6/11-positive hairs increased with smoking, shaving the anogenital region, and age. A close association between HPV6/11 presence in hairs and clinically visible AGWs was observed. The proportion of patients with visible AGWs and HPV6/11-positive hairs declined during follow-up with similar trends. No particular HPV6/11 variant was linked with an increased AGW recurrence, but the sublineage HPV6 B1 showed significantly higher clearance from hairs. Despite treatment, 78.1% and 62.5% of the AGW patients experienced one and two or more post-initial AGW episodes, respectively. The patients with HPV6/11-positive hairs or visible AGWs at a preceding visit demonstrated substantially higher odds of presenting with visible AGWs at a subsequent visit.

Risk factors for systemic reactions in typical cold urticaria: Results from the COLD-CE study.

BACKGROUND: Cold urticaria (ColdU), that is, the occurrence of wheals or angioedema in response to cold exposure, is classified into typical and atypical forms. The diagnosis of typical ColdU relies on whealing in response to local cold stimulation testing (CST). It can also manifest with cold-induced anaphylaxis (ColdA). We aimed to determine risk factors for ColdA in typical ColdU. METHODS: An international, cross-sectional study COLD-CE was carried out at 32 urticaria centers of reference and excellence (UCAREs). Detailed history was taken and CST with an ice cube and/or TempTest® performed. ColdA was defined as an acute cold-induced involvement of the skin and/or visible mucosal tissue and at least one of: cardiovascular manifestations, difficulty breathing, or gastrointestinal symptoms. RESULTS: Of 551 ColdU patients, 75% (n = 412) had a positive CST and ColdA occurred in 37% (n = 151) of the latter. Cold-induced generalized wheals, angioedema, acral swelling, oropharyngeal/laryngeal symptoms, and itch of earlobes were identified as signs/symptoms of severe disease. ColdA was most commonly provoked by complete cold water immersion and ColdA caused by cold air was more common in countries with a warmer climate. Ten percent (n = 40) of typical ColdU patients had a concomitant chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). They had a lower frequency of ColdA than those without CSU (4% vs. 39%, p = .003). We identified the following risk factors for cardiovascular manifestations: previous systemic reaction to a Hymenoptera sting, angioedema, oropharyngeal/laryngeal symptoms, and itchy earlobes. CONCLUSION: ColdA is common in typical ColdU. High-risk patients require education about their condition and how to use an adrenaline autoinjector.

Obtaining an impact factor: mission impossible for Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica et Adriatica.

Next spring, we will celebrate 30 years since the first issue of Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica et Adriatica (Acta Dermatovenerol APA) was published and, to our astonishment and disappointment, it seems that the goal we have long awaited (and worked hard for)-obtaining an official impact factor (IF)-is nowhere in sight. Every application for an IF has been met with various reasons why our journal does not fulfill the criteria for inclusion in the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE). Given the highly non-transparent evaluation process, we conclude that there probably really is no room for small and independent journals in the world of publishing giants and commercial interests. Although disheartened, we will continue our long-established tradition of providing open-access and quality content in dermatology and sexually transmitted infections for researchers and clinicians in the region and worldwide because science should be open and committed to teamwork.

Mycobacterium marinum hand infection masquerading as tinea manuum: a case report and literature review.

Fish tank granuloma is a rare skin infection caused by Mycobacterium marinum. It occurs after exposure of skin abrasions to contaminated water or infected fish. The majority of M. marinum infections today are fish tank-related. The most common presentation is a solitary nodule, often with sporotrichoid spread. Other presentations do not occur often. The diagnosis is often delayed because of lack of suspicion, nonspecific histopathological findings, and frequently unsuccessful cultivation. Here we present the case of a 37-year-old male with M. marinum skin infection, presenting as erythematous scaling plaques. Because the initial results of laboratory and histopathological examinations were negative for a fungal infection or nontuberculous mycobacteria, the patient was treated empirically with several systemic antibiotics and antifungals without any success. Finally, the diagnosis of fish tank granuloma was confirmed 3 months after the initial presentation of the patient. After the introduction of treatment with rifampicin and clarithromycin, complete clinical remission was observed after 6 months of therapy.

Determination of Causative Human Papillomavirus Type in Tissue Specimens of Common Warts Based on Estimated Viral Loads.

Background: Assessment of human papillomavirus (HPV) type-specific viral load (VL) is a valid tool for determining the etiology of HPV-related skin tumors, especially when more than one HPV type is detected within one lesion. Methods: The causative HPV type was determined in 185 fresh-frozen tissue specimens of histologically confirmed common warts (CWs) collected from 121 immunocompetent patients. All tissues were tested using the type-specific quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) for the most common wart-associated Alpha-PV (HPV2/27/57) and Mu-PV types (HPV1/63/204). The presence of 23 additional low-risk HPVs was evaluated using a conventional wide-spectrum PCR. Results: HPV DNA was detected in 176/185 (95.1%) CWs and multiple HPV types in 71/185 (38.4%) lesions. Using the VL approach and a robust cutoff of one viral copy/cell established in this study, HPV2/27/57 were determined as causative agents in 41/53 (77.3%) and 53/71 (74.7%) CWs with single and multiple HPVs, respectively. Conclusions: CWs are mostly etiologically associated with HPV2/27/57 and only rarely with HPV1. In the majority of CWs containing multiple HPVs, a single HPV type was present in high concentration, indicating etiological association. No significant differences in VLs of lesion-causing HPV types in CWs containing single or multiple HPVs were found.

A descriptive, historical, and thematic analysis of Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica et Adriatica.

INTRODUCTION: Journal bibliometric indicators are useful tools in assessing the characteristics, development history, and future trending of a particular medical journal. Moreover, they can help potential authors when deciding which journal to submit their work to in order to achieve the highest visibility. METHODS: A single journal study of the medical journal Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica et Adriatica (ADAPA) from January 1994 to July 2019 was performed. The corpus was harvested from the bibliographical database Scopus (Elsevier, Netherlands) for the period between 1994 and 2019 (inclusive), and the bibliometric analysis was performed using Scopus built-in services and MS Excel (Microsoft, USA). The historical, cooperation, and hot topic analysis was performed on scientific landscapes induced by VOSviewer software (Leiden University, Netherlands). RESULTS: From 1994 to 2019, a total of 759 publications were published in ADAPA. The trend in the number of publications has varied; it increased somewhat until 2009, then decreased until 2015, when the number of articles began to rise again, reaching a peak in 2018 (46 articles annually). A small decline in source normalized impact per paper (SNIP) was observed from 1.2 in 2010 to 0.46 in 2018. Slovenia ranked first (n = 210) in the number of publications among 55 countries. Authors from 44 out of 55 countries published their articles through co-authorships. CONCLUSIONS: Whereas it was initially considered a primarily regional journal, ADAPA's influence has gradually broadened and the journal has become truly international. The number of articles published increased significantly during the last few years, with ADAPA strongly supporting international collaboration, resulting in a high proportion of international co-authorships.

Successful treatment of extensive uremic calciphylaxis with intravenous sodium thiosulfate and its potential in treating various diseases of pathologic calcification.

A 72-year-old female patient presented with an end-stage renal disease on on-line hemodiafiltration and warfarin therapy with advanced ulcerated calciphylaxis on the lower extremities, complicated by two episodes of cellulitis. She was successfully treated for 8 months with intravenous sodium thiosulfate in combination with modification of medication and dialysis treatment, careful wound care, and other supportive measures. Calciphylaxis is an uncommon life-threatening systemic disease, mostly occurring in patients with chronic kidney disease and other risk factors. Vascular calcifications and inflammation lead to thrombotic occlusions of the cutaneous and subcutaneous arterioles, which provoke livedoid painful plaques with possible progression to necrotic ulcers. Conventional treatment is supportive. In recent decades, off-label treatment with sodium thiosulfate, a potent calcium chelator, antioxidant, and vasodilator, has been increasingly reported to be highly efficient in calciphylaxis, leading to significantly lower mortality rates. Knowledge of advancement in the treatment of calciphylaxis, which was previously a highly fatal disease, is important for physicians and other professionals from various medical fields.

Clinical, Histopathological, and Virological Evaluation of 203 Patients With a Clinical Diagnosis of Molluscum Contagiosum.

Molluscum contagiosum (MC) manifests as small, umbilicated papules caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV). The extent of clinical misdiagnosis of MC is unknown. Combined clinical, histopathological, and virological evaluation of 203 consecutive patients with clinical diagnosis of MC treated at a university hospital during a 5-year period showed the correct clinical diagnosis in 188 of 203 (92.6%) patients. All 15 clinically misdiagnosed MC lesions were histopathologically and virologically confirmed as either common or anogenital warts caused by different human papillomaviruses. The MCV1/MCV2 subtypes ratio was 1.54:1, and the distribution of MCV subtypes differed across patients' age and anatomical location of lesions.

New Insights into the Evolutionary and Genomic Landscape of Molluscum Contagiosum Virus (MCV) based on Nine MCV1 and Six MCV2 Complete Genome Sequences.

Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) is the sole member of the Molluscipoxvirus genus and the causative agent of molluscum contagiosum (MC), a common skin disease. Although it is an important and frequent human pathogen, its genetic landscape and evolutionary history remain largely unknown. In this study, ten novel complete MCV genome sequences of the two most common MCV genotypes were determined (five MCV1 and five MCV2 sequences) and analyzed together with all MCV complete genomes previously deposited in freely accessible sequence repositories (four MCV1 and a single MCV2). In comparison to MCV1, a higher degree of nucleotide sequence conservation was observed among MCV2 genomes. Large-scale recombination events were identified in two newly assembled MCV1 genomes and one MCV2 genome. One recombination event was located in a newly identified recombinant region of the viral genome, and all previously described recombinant regions were re-identified in at least one novel MCV genome. MCV genes comprising the identified recombinant segments have been previously associated with viral interference with host T-cell and NK-cell immune responses. In conclusion, the two most common MCV genotypes emerged along divergent evolutionary pathways from a common ancestor, and the differences in the heterogeneity of MCV1 and MCV2 populations may be attributed to the strictness of the constraints imposed by the host immune response.

Oral manifestations of autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Autoimmune diseases may also be reflected in changes in the oral cavity that represent the first sign of the disease, or they may occur simultaneously with or later in the course of the disease. Oral findings are mostly non-specific, and therefore further investigations are needed to exclude or confirm possible diagnoses. This article presents the most important diseases in this research area, divides them into meaningful groups, and highlights the importance of examining the oral cavity for possible manifestations.

A Novel Mutation in the FOXC2 Gene: A Heterozygous Insertion of Adenosine (c.867insA) in a Family with Lymphoedema of Lower Limbs without Distichiasis.

BACKGROUND: Primary lymphoedema is a rare genetic disorder characterized by swelling of different parts of the body and highly heterogenic clinical presentation. Mutations in several causative genes characterize specific forms of the disease. FOXC2 mutations are associated with lymphoedema of lower extremities, usually distichiasis and late onset. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Subjects from three generations of a family with lymphoedema of lower limbs without distichiasis were searched for mutations in the FOXC2 gene. RESULTS: All affected family members with lymphoedema of lower limbs without distichiasis, and still asymptomatic six years old girl from the same family, carried the same previously unreported insertion of adenosine (c.867insA) in FOXC2. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of a novel mutation in the FOXC2 gene in affected family members of three generations with lymphoedema of lower limbs without distichiasis, highlights the high phenotypic variability caused by FOXC2 mutations.

Effectiveness of adalimumab in the treatment of scalp and nail affection in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in routine clinical practice.

INTRODUCTION: Data on the effectiveness of biologics in the treatment of nail and scalp psoriasis (PSO) in a routine clinical setting are scarce. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the effectiveness of adalimumab in the treatment of nail and scalp psoriatic lesions in routine dermatologic practice. METHODS: Five hundred one patients were analyzed in this observational study; 157 patients had nail involvement (nail PSO set; NPS) and 404 had scalp involvement (scalp PSO set; SPS). Patients treated with adalimumab were observed for up to 12 months. Outcomes were evaluated via changes in the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI), Psoriasis Scalp Severity Index (PSSI), Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), and QoL (using the Dermatology Life Quality Index). RESULTS: Eighty-four percent of the patients in the NPS and 93.8% in the SPS achieved a good clinical response upon treatment with adalimumab. Complete clearing of local symptoms was achieved by 33.3% of the patients with nail involvement and 66.7% of the patients with scalp involvement. There was also a marked improvement in QoL. CONCLUSION: Adalimumab appears to be an effective treatment for scalp and nail PSO in patients with moderate to severe plaque PSO. No new clinical concerns were established.

Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica et Adriatica accepted for coverage in Thomson Reuters' Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI).

Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica et Adriatica (Acta Dermatovenerol APA) is the leading journal in dermatology and sexually transmitted infections in the region. Several important steps were taken during the last 25 years to improve the journal's quality, global visibility, and international impact. After a 1-year trial period, Thomson Reuters recently informed the editorial office that they had accepted Acta Dermatovenerol APA for coverage in Thomson Reuters' new index in the Web of Science Core Collection called the Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI). The coverage of Acta Dermatovenerol APA begins with the journal content published online in 2016; that is, from volume 25 onwards.

Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Patients with Molluscum Contagiosum Treated at the University Dermatology Clinic Maribor in a 5-year period.

Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) is a common skin pathogen in both adults and children. In this prospective study, we clinically evaluated consecutive patients with molluscum contagiosum (MC) who had been examined during a 5-year period at the second-largest dermatology clinic in Slovenia and described their main demographic and clinical characteristics, concomitant diseases, and treatment success. The study included 188 patients, of which 121 (64%) were men and 67 (36%) were women. A total of 135 (72%) patients were adults, with lesions that were most commonly located in the anogenital region (98%) and were probably sexually acquired. Two adult patients were diagnosed with concurrent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Fifty-three (28%) patients were children with a mean age of 5.7 years, most commonly presenting with lesions on the torso and extremities (85%). In adults, the infection most commonly occurred in male patients, while in children it was slightly more common in female patients. At presentation, 58% of patients had more than 5 MC lesions. A total of 30% of the included children had concomitant atopic dermatitis. We did not observe an increased occurrence of MCV infection in patients with atopic dermatitis. All patients were treated with curettage of the lesions. The cure rate at the first follow-up visit after 2 months was relatively high (63%), and recurrences were not associated with the number or site of lesions at presentation or with concomitant atopic dermatitis.