Anthropometric patterns of adiposity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in older adults of Viçosa, Brazil: A population-based study.

AIM: To identify anthropometric patterns of adiposity and estimate their association with hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) in older adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 537 older adults aged ≥60 years was carried out. Weight, height, and waist, hip and calf circumference were measured. The following indices were calculated: a body shape index, body roundness index, conicity index, body adiposity index, body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-calf ratio, waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-hip-to-height ratio. The anthropometric patterns of adiposity were obtained by factor analysis of principal components, and their association with hypertension and DM was identified by multiple Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS: Two anthropometric patterns of adiposity were identified. Pattern 1 and 2 explained approximately 53% and 33% of the total variance, respectively, in both sexes. Pattern 1 indicated of global adiposity, and weight, body mass index and hip circumference were the variables most strongly correlated with this pattern in both sexes. Pattern 2 represented the body fat distribution, being a body shape index the most important variable in this factor. After adjustment by confounding factors, only the pattern 2 remained significantly associated with DM in women. CONCLUSIONS: Only the anthropometric pattern of adiposity central was associated with DM in older women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 584-591.

Development of a short form of the Brazilian Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

PURPOSE: This study presents the Brazilian short form of the P-CPQ. METHODS: Data from a representative sample of 702 parents/caregivers of children were randomly divided in two subsamples. A development sample (n = 502) was used for exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and a validation sample (n = 200) was used for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The EFA was used to determine the hypothetical factor structure and internal consistency. The CFA was applied to test the factor structure of the original P-CPQ, alternative models and the validity and reliability of the Brazilian short form of the P-CPQ. RESULTS: A 3-factor model (alternative model 2) had a factor structure with high factor loadings, acceptable fit indices (χ(2)/df = 2.38; GFI = 0.90; CFI = 0.90; TLI = 0.87; AGFI = 0.85; SRMR = 0.07) and both convergent and discriminant validity (Pearson bivariate zero order correlations among factors <0.85). CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian P-CPQ with three subscales and 13 items appears to be a valid short version to be used in further studies to evaluate parents/caregivers' perceptions of children's oral health-related quality of life.

Application of principal component analysis on gait kinematics in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND: The applicability of gait analysis has been implemented with the introduction of the principal component analysis (PCA), a statistical data reduction technique that allows the comparison of the whole cycle between groups of individuals. OBJECTIVES: Applying PCA, to compare the kinematics of the knee joint during gait, in the frontal and sagittal planes, between a group of elderly women with and without diagnosis in the initial and moderate stages of Osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: A total of 38 elderly women (69.6±8.1 years) with knee OA and 40 asymptomatic (70.3±7.7 years) participated on this study. The kinematics was obtained using the Qualisys Pro-reflex system. RESULTS: The OA group showed decreased gait velocity and stride length (p<0.05) and was characterized with higher WOMAC pain score. In the frontal plane, the between-group differences of the components were not significant. In the sagittal plane, three principal components explained 99.7% of the data variance. Discriminant analysis indicated that component 2 and 3 could classify correctly 71.8% of the individuals. However, CP3, which captures the difference in the flexion knee angle magnitude during gait, was the variable with higher discrimination power between groups. CONCLUSIONS: PCA is an effective multivariate statistical technique to analyse the kinematic gait waveform during the gait cycle. The smaller knee flexion angle in the OA group was appointed as a discriminatory factor between groups, therefore, it should be considered in the physical therapy evaluation and treatment of elderly women with knee OA.

Aplicação da análise de componentes principais na cinemática da marcha de idosas com osteoartrite de joelho / Application of principal component analysis on gait kinematics in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: A aplicabilidade da análise de marcha foi aprimorada com a introdução da análise de componentes principais (ACP), uma técnica estatística que reduz o volume de dados, permitindo a comparação de todo o ciclo entre grupos de indivíduos. OBJETIVOS: Comparar, por meio da ACP, a cinemática da articulação do joelho durante a marcha nos planos sagital e frontal, entre mulheres idosas sem e com diagnóstico de leve a moderado de osteoartrite (OA). MÉTODOS: Participaram 38 mulheres idosas (69,6±8,1 anos) com OA de joelhos e 40 assintomáticas (70,3±7,7 anos). A cinemática foi obtida usando o sistema Qualisys Pró-reflex. RESULTADOS: O grupo OA apresentou menor velocidade da marcha e comprimento da passada (p<0,05) e caracterizou-se por maior escore de dor no WOMAC. No plano frontal, as componentes não foram significativas entre os grupos. No plano sagital, três componentes explicaram 90,7 por cento da variância dos dados. A análise discriminante indicou que a componente 2 (CP2) e a 3 (CP3) classificaram corretamente 71,8 por cento dos indivíduos. Entretanto, a CP3, que capta a diferença de amplitude do ângulo de flexão do joelho durante a marcha, foi a variável com maior poder de discriminação entre os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: A ACP é uma técnica estatística multivariada, efetiva para a análise das variáveis cinemáticas do ciclo da marcha. A perda de flexão de joelho na marcha do grupo com OA foi apontada como fator discriminante importante entre os grupos, sendo, portanto, uma variável que deve ser considerada na avaliação e tratamento fisioterápico da mulher idosa com OA de joelho.

BACKGROUND: The applicability of gait analysis has been implemented with the introduction of the principal component analysis (PCA), a statistical data reduction technique that allows the comparison of the whole cycle between groups of individuals. OBJECTIVES: Applying PCA, to compare the kinematics of the knee joint during gait, in the frontal and sagittal planes, between a group of elderly women with and without diagnosis in the initial and moderate stages of Osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: A total of 38 elderly women (69.6±8.1 years) with knee OA and 40 asymptomatic (70.3±7.7 years) participated on this study. The kinematics was obtained using the Qualisys Pro-reflex system. RESULTS: The OA group showed decreased gait velocity and stride length (p<0.05) and was characterized with higher WOMAC pain score. In the frontal plane, the between-group differences of the components were not significant. In the sagittal plane, three principal components explained 99.7 percent of the data variance. Discriminant analysis indicated that component 2 and 3 could classify correctly 71.8 percent of the individuals. However, CP3, which captures the difference in the flexion knee angle magnitude during gait, was the variable with higher discrimination power between groups. CONCLUSIONS: PCA is an effective multivariate statistical technique to analyse the kinematic gait waveform during the gait cycle. The smaller knee flexion angle in the OA group was appointed as a discriminatory factor between groups, therefore, it should be considered in the physical therapy evaluation and treatment of elderly women with knee OA.