Evaluation of antibody response to inactivated bovine ephemeral fever virus vaccine for Japanese Black calves in the field.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibody response to the bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) vaccine in Japanese Black calves. Twenty-eight Japanese Black calves, which were raised on an ordinal farm, were divided into two groups. Fifteen calves received the inactivated BEFV vaccine at 12 and 16 weeks of age (vaccination group), and 13 calves did not receive the vaccine (non-vaccination group). Blood samples were obtained at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 weeks of age. As the results, in the vaccination group, the antibody titers at 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 weeks of age were significantly higher than those at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of age (p < 0.01). Additionally, antibody titer in the vaccination group increased after 16 weeks of age and showed a significantly higher level than that in the non-vaccination group throughout the remaining experimental period (p < 0.01). These results might be helpful in establishing a vaccination program against BEFV in calves.

A field study on the effects of inactivated bacteria vaccine for respiratory diseases in Japanese Black calves.

This study evaluated the effects of vaccination for Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Histophilus somni in young Japanese Black calves at an ordinal farm, where respiratory diseases frequently occur at a young age. In total, 105 calves were divided into the vaccination group (n = 52), which received inactivated combined vaccine at 0 and 2 weeks of age, and the control group (n = 53), which received no vaccine. From both groups, eight calves each were randomly selected to determine the antibody titers. And, the incidence of respiratory disease and medical costs (treatment plus vaccination costs) were recorded for each group from birth to 16 weeks of age. In the vaccination group, the antibody titers against P. multocida, M. haemolytica, and H. somni were significantly higher than those in the control group after 8, 12, and 4 weeks of age, respectively (p < 0.05). The incidence of respiratory disease was significantly lower in the vaccination group compared to the control group (p < 0.01), and the medical costs per calf in the vaccination group were 46.4% lower than in the control group. These results might contribute to establishing an effective vaccination program against respiratory diseases in calves at each farm.

Effects of Vitamin E Supplementation on Antioxidant, Inflammatory Biomarker, and Cell Viability of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Japanese Black Calves with or without Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of vitamin E supplementation on antioxidant, inflammatory status, and cell viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Eighteen clinically healthy Japanese Black calves were used in this study. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from their venous blood. PBMCs were cultured with vitamin E (vitamin E group) or without vitamin E (control group), and stimulated with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS). As a result, the total antioxidant capacities, which are the reducing power of components from Fe3+ to Fe 2+, in the cell culture supernatant with or without LPS stimulation were significantly higher in the vitamin E group than that in the control group (p<0.05 or p<0.01, respectively). Tumor necrosis factor alpha in the cell culture supernatant with LPS stimulation was significantly lower in the vitamin E group than in the control group (p<0.01). The viability of cells cultured with LPS stimulation was significantly higher in the vitamin E group than in the control group (p<0.05). These results suggested that vitamin E might be related to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cell viability of PBMCs obtained from calves.

Effects of vitamin E supplementation on serum oxidative stress biomarkers, antibody titer after live bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccination, as well as serum and fecal immunoglobulin A in weaned Japanese Black calves.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of vitamin E supplementation on blood oxidative stress biomarker in weaned calves. Thirty clinically healthy 12 weeks of age Japanese Black calves were randomly assigned to two groups: 15 calves received 300 IU of vitamin E daily from 12 to 18 weeks of age (VE group), and the other 15 calves did not receive the vitamin E (control group). Blood samples were taken at 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 weeks of age. The concentration of serum reactive oxygen metabolites at 20 weeks of age were significantly lower in the VE group than those in the control group. Vitamin E supplementation to weaned calves might affect blood oxidative stress.