RESUMO
Patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) lacking a human leukocyte antigen-matched donor may benefit from gene therapy through the provision of gene-corrected, autologous hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Here, we present comprehensive, long-term follow-up results (median follow-up, 7.6 years) (phase I/II trial no. NCT02333760 ) for eight patients with WAS having undergone phase I/II lentiviral vector-based gene therapy trials (nos. NCT01347346 and NCT01347242 ), with a focus on thrombocytopenia and autoimmunity. Primary outcomes of the long-term study were to establish clinical and biological safety, efficacy and tolerability by evaluating the incidence and type of serious adverse events and clinical status and biological parameters including lentiviral genomic integration sites in different cell subpopulations from 3 years to 15 years after gene therapy. Secondary outcomes included monitoring the need for additional treatment and T cell repertoire diversity. An interim analysis shows that the study meets the primary outcome criteria tested given that the gene-corrected cells engrafted stably, and no serious treatment-associated adverse events occurred. Overall, severe infections and eczema resolved. Autoimmune disorders and bleeding episodes were significantly less frequent, despite only partial correction of the platelet compartment. The results suggest that lentiviral gene therapy provides sustained clinical benefits for patients with WAS.
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Terapia Genética/métodos , Vetores Genéticos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Lentivirus/genética , Síndrome de Wiskott-Aldrich/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Ensaios Clínicos Fase I como Assunto , Ensaios Clínicos Fase II como Assunto , Humanos , Lactente , Resultado do Tratamento , Síndrome de Wiskott-Aldrich/genética , Síndrome de Wiskott-Aldrich/imunologia , Adulto JovemAssuntos
COVID-19 , Trombofilia , Anticorpos Antifosfolipídeos , Estado Terminal , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg ) expressing the forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) transcription factor (Tregs ) are instrumental for the prevention of autoimmune diseases. There is increasing evidence that the human T regulatory population is highly heterogeneous in phenotype and function. Numerous studies conducted in human autoimmune diseases have shown that Treg cells are impaired either in their suppressive function, in number, or both. However, the contribution of the FOXP3+ Treg subpopulations to the development of autoimmunity has not been delineated in detail. Rare genetic disorders that involve deficits in Treg function can be studied to develop a global idea of the impact of partial or complete deficiency in a specific molecular mechanism involved in Treg function. In patients with reduced Treg numbers (but no functional deficiency), the expansion of autologous Treg cells could be a suitable therapeutic approach: either infusion of in-vitro autologous expanded cells, infusion of interleukin (IL)-2/anti-IL-2 complex, or both. Treg biology-based therapies may not be suitable in patients with deficits of Treg function, unless their deficit can be corrected in vivo/in vitro. Finally, it is critical to consider the appropriate stage of autoimmune diseases at which administration of Treg cellular therapy can be most effective. We discuss conflicting data regarding whether Treg cells are more effectual at preventing the initiation of autoimmunity, ameliorating disease progression or curing autoimmunity itself.
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Doenças Autoimunes/imunologia , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/imunologia , Inflamação/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Anemia Perniciosa/imunologia , Animais , Doenças Autoimunes/genética , Doenças Autoimunes/terapia , Autoimunidade , Antígeno CTLA-4/deficiência , Antígeno CTLA-4/genética , Antígeno CTLA-4/imunologia , Terapia Baseada em Transplante de Células e Tecidos/métodos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/congênito , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/imunologia , Diarreia/genética , Diarreia/imunologia , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/genética , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/genética , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/imunologia , Humanos , Doenças do Sistema Imunitário/congênito , Doenças do Sistema Imunitário/genética , Doenças do Sistema Imunitário/imunologia , Imunoterapia/métodos , Interleucina-2/imunologia , Camundongos , Modelos Imunológicos , Linfócitos T Reguladores/classificaçãoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disorder of unknown cause. Apparition or flare of previously diagnosed sarcoidosis following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has rarely been reported. OBSERVATION: We report a 62-year-old woman who presented a radiological flare of sarcoidosis post-autologous stem cell transplantation for a POEMS syndrome. Imaging findings and lymph node histology, which revealed non-caseating granuloma, were consistent with the sarcoidosis diagnosis. The patient was asymptomatic and was kept free of treatment. CONCLUSION: Sarcoidosis must be considered ahead of compatible clinicoradiological presentation occurring after HSCT. Sarcoidosis can mimic metastatic cancer or lymphatic relapse. Tissue biopsies and exclusion of differential diagnosis of granuloma diseases are warranted to confirm sarcoidosis diagnosis.
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Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Sarcoidose/etiologia , Sarcoidose/imunologia , Imunologia de Transplantes/fisiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndrome POEMS/imunologia , Síndrome POEMS/terapia , Sarcoidose/diagnóstico , Transplante AutólogoRESUMO
Regulatory T cells (Treg) may play an important role in operational (clinical) tolerance (OT), a stable graft function without immunosuppression in an otherwise immunocompetent host, that is spontaneously observed in some patients many years after transplantation. Several ongoing clinical trials are currently testing the effects of donor-specific or non-specific Treg infusion with the goal to induce this state of OT a few months after liver transplantation (LT). The preliminary results of two of these trials have been recently published, and raise a number of comments and issues: (1) These two papers demonstrate that a 100 to 1000-fold ex-vivo expansion of Treg is possible in humans after 2 weeks of culture. The optimal human Treg dose is however not clearly established, and might be higher than the dose that would be expected from translating murine data. (2) A lot of concerns are remaining regarding the Treg purity before expansion, the Treg stability during in vitro culture and the in vivo fate of infused cells. A strict monitoring of Treg should thus be done at each step. (3) Since Treg may play a detrimental role in some conditions, such as viral diseases and cancer, potential LT recipients with such diseases should probably be excluded from the initial trials of Treg infusion. (4) The follow-up of tolerant liver recipients should include repeated liver biopsies and detection of autoantibodies and humoral response, in addition to conventional liver graft assessment, in order to prevent the development of immune complications related to immunosuppression withdrawal. (5) The final issue raised by Treg therapy in LT is the choice of the immunosuppressive regimen used before tapering or withdrawal, appropriate to preserve OT establishment.
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Imunoterapia/métodos , Transplante de Fígado , Linfócitos T Reguladores/citologia , Células Cultivadas , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Rejeição de Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Imunossupressores/farmacologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To develop French recommendations about the management of vaccinations, the screening of cervical cancer and the prevention of pneumocystis pneumonia in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: Thirty-seven experts qualified in internal medicine, rheumatology, dermatology, nephrology and pediatrics have selected recommendations from a list of proposition based on available data from the literature. For each recommendation, the level of evidence and the level of agreement among the experts were specified. RESULTS: Inactivated vaccines do not cause significant harm in SLE patients. Experts recommend that lupus patient should receive vaccinations accordingly to the recommendations and the schedules for the general public. Pneumococcal vaccination is recommended for all SLE patients. Influenza vaccination is recommended for immunosuppressed SLE patients. Live attenuated vaccines should be avoided in immunosuppressed patients. Yet, recent works suggest that they can be considered in mildly immunosuppressed patients. Experts have recommended a cervical cytology every year for immunosuppressed patients. No consensus was obtained for the prevention of pneumocystis pneumonia. CONCLUSION: These recommendations can be expected to improve clinical practice uniformity and, in the longer term, to optimize the management of SLE patients.
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Prova Pericial , Controle de Infecções/normas , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/terapia , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Adolescente , Adulto , França , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Infecções/diagnóstico , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/diagnóstico , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/imunologia , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto , Vacinação/normas , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Nitrofurantoin is a commonly used drug which can have liver and pulmonary adverse effects. Among hepatic nitrofurantoin-induced adverse effects, autoimmune hepatitis is a rare complication which must not be mistaken as a toxic hepatitis. CASE REPORT: We report an 86-year-old woman who presented with acute hepatitis after a 3-month course of nitrofurantoin administration for urinary tract infections. She reported a previous hepatitis after treatment by nitrofurantoin twenty years before. Biological analysis showed polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, positive test for antinuclear antibodies and smooth muscle antibodies. Finally, liver histology showed lymphocytic infiltration, marked necrotic and inflammatory activity consistent with the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. Nitrofurantoin was discontinued. Outcome of autoimmune hepatitis was good with corticosteroids and azathioprine but two months later, the patient died from a refractory global heart failure. CONCLUSION: Nitrofurantoin-induced autoimmune hepatitis is a severe condition which must be systematically discussed in patients taking nitrofurantoin who present with acute hepatitis. Hypergammaglobulinemia is an easily obtained blood marker, which can suggest this diagnosis. Treatment relies on nitrofurantoin eviction, corticosteroids and sometimes azathioprine. Outcome is usually favorable.
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Anti-Infecciosos Urinários/efeitos adversos , Hepatite Autoimune/etiologia , Nitrofurantoína/efeitos adversos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To develop French recommendations about screening and management of cardiovascular risk factors in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: Thirty-nine experts qualified in internal medicine, rheumatology and nephrology have selected recommendations from a list developed based on evidence from the literature. For each recommendation, the level of evidence and the level of agreement among the experts were specified. RESULTS: Experts recommended an annual screening of cardiovascular risk factors in SLE. Statins should be prescribed for primary prevention in SLE patients based on the level of LDL-cholesterol and the number of cardiovascular risk factors, considering SLE as an additional risk factor. For secondary prevention, experts have agreed on an LDL-cholesterol target of <0.7 g/L. Hypertension should be managed according to the 2013 European guidelines, using renin-angiotensin system blockers as first line agents in case of renal involvement. Aspirin can be prescribed in patients with high cardiovascular risk or with antiphospholipid antibodies. CONCLUSION: These recommendations about the screening and management of cardiovascular risk factors in SLE can be expected to improve clinical practice uniformity and, in the longer term, to optimize the management of SLE patients.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Prova Pericial , Guias como Assunto , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Prevenção SecundáriaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of the main causes of morbi-mortality in the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) during a 10-year-follow-up period and to compare the frequency of early manifestations with those that appeared later. METHODS: In 1999, we started an observational study of 1000 APS patients from 13 European countries. All had medical histories documented when entered into the study and were followed prospectively during the ensuing 10â years. RESULTS: 53.1% of the patients had primary APS, 36.2% had APS associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and 10.7% APS associated with other diseases. Thrombotic events appeared in 166 (16.6%) patients during the first 5-year period and in 115 (14.4%) during the second 5-year period. The most common events were strokes, transient ischaemic attacks, deep vein thromboses and pulmonary embolism. 127 (15.5%) women became pregnant (188 pregnancies) and 72.9% of pregnancies succeeded in having one or more live births. The most common obstetric complication was early pregnancy loss (16.5% of the pregnancies). Intrauterine growth restriction (26.3% of the total live births) and prematurity (48.2%) were the most frequent fetal morbidities. 93 (9.3%) patients died and the most frequent causes of death were severe thrombosis (36.5%) and infections (26.9%). Nine (0.9%) cases of catastrophic APS occurred and 5 (55.6%) of them died. The survival probability at 10â years was 90.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with APS still develop significant morbidity and mortality despite current treatment. It is imperative to increase the efforts in determining optimal prognostic markers and therapeutic measures to prevent these complications.
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Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/mortalidade , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/mortalidade , Trombose/mortalidade , Aborto Espontâneo/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/complicações , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Epilepsia/etiologia , Feminino , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Infecções/etiologia , Infecções/mortalidade , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/etiologia , Livedo Reticular/etiologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez/epidemiologia , Nascimento Prematuro/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Embolia Pulmonar/etiologia , Embolia Pulmonar/mortalidade , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/mortalidade , Trombocitopenia/etiologia , Trombose/etiologia , Trombose Venosa/etiologia , Trombose Venosa/mortalidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The detection of antibodies is useful to diagnose and/or to classify autoimmune diseases as connective tissue diseases and vasculitis. Zenit RA is a fully automated immunoanalyzer. The aim of this study was to compare the predictive and discriminative performance of the Zenit RA anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP), anti-cardiolipin (aCL) and anti-ß 2 glycoprotein 1 (aB2GP1) tests to conventional ELISAs on clinically well-defined groups of patients and to daily evaluate the determination of anti-extractable nuclear antigen (ENA), anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA), anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) and anti-proteinase 3 (PR3) antibodies in a hospital laboratory. Reagents available on Zenit RA analyzer exhibit good diagnostic performances, regarding sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. Global agreements between Zenit RA and conventional tests were from 90 to 98 % (Kappa-values ranging 0.56-0.94): 96 % for anti-CCP, 90-94 % for aCL and aB2GP1, 94 % for anti-dsDNA, 97 % for anti-ENA, 98 % for anti-MPO and 95 % for anti-PR3 antibodies. Zenit RA analyzer is easy to rapidly detect the most common autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases. This system has a potential to provide clinically useful data within a short time. Because of the flexibility of its work modalities, it is well adapted to determine antigenic specificities in daily practice.
RESUMO
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the occurrence of thrombotic or obstetrical events associated with the presence in the serum of patients of antibodies that are associated with thrombosis. For the diagnosis of APS, the presence of either lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin or anti-ß2-glycoprotein1 antibodies of IgG or IgM isotype is required through laboratory testing. Other autoantibodies such as antiphosphatidylethanolamin or antiphosphatidylserin/prothrombin complex antibodies may be interesting in the diagnosis of APS when common antiphospholipid antibodies are missing. These autoantibodies are still under evaluation for their diagnostic contribution. Despite numerous attempts, the assays that are available for the identification of antiphospholipid antibodies have not been standardized yet, which leads to high variability between reagents and laboratories. Thus, to optimize the biological monitoring of APS syndromes, it is mandatory to have consecutive samples analyzed in the same laboratory.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antifosfolipídeos/sangue , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/complicações , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/diagnóstico , Fatores Imunológicos/sangue , Complicações Hematológicas na Gravidez/imunologia , Trombose/imunologia , Anticorpos Anticardiolipina/sangue , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/imunologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Inibidor de Coagulação do Lúpus/sangue , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , beta 2-Glicoproteína I/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the factors influencing the efficacy of 2 injections of a pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) vaccine in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: We conducted a single-center, observational prospective study of 111 patients who were vaccinated with a monovalent, inactivated, nonadjuvanted, split-virus vaccine during December 2009 and January 2010 and received a second dose of vaccine 3 weeks later. The antibody response was evaluated using the hemagglutination inhibition assay according to the guidelines recommended for the pandemic vaccine, consisting of 3 immunogenicity criteria (i.e., a seroprotection rate of 70%, a seroconversion rate of 40%, and a geometric mean ratio [GMR] of 2.5). RESULTS: The 3 immunogenicity criteria were met on day 42 (seroprotection rate 80.0% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 72.5-87.5%], seroconversion rate 71.8% [95% CI 63.4-80.2%], and GMR 10.3 [95% CI 2.9-14.2]), while only 2 criteria were met on day 21 (seroprotection rate 66.7% [95% CI 57.9-75.4%], seroconversion rate 60.4% [95% CI 51.3-69.5%], and GMR 8.5 [95% CI 3.2-12.0]). The vaccine was well tolerated. Disease activity, assessed by the Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment version of the SLE Disease Activity Index, the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group score, and the Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire, did not increase. In the multivariate analysis, vaccination failure was significantly associated with immunosuppressive treatment or a lymphocyte count of ≤ 1.0 × 109/liter. The second injection significantly increased the immunogenicity in these subgroups, but not high enough to fulfill the seroprotection criterion in patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the efficacy of the vaccine was impaired in patients who were receiving immunosuppressive drugs or who had lymphopenia. A second injection increased vaccine immunogenicity without reaching all efficacy criteria for a pandemic vaccine in patients receiving an immunosuppressive agent. These results open possibilities for improving anti-influenza vaccination in SLE.
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Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido/imunologia , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/imunologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/imunologia , Adulto , Formação de Anticorpos , Feminino , Humanos , Vacinas contra Influenza/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: 'FOXP3+ regulatory T cells' (Tregs) are reported to be increased in tumour-bearing hosts including patients with melanoma, leading to tumour immune suppression. However, this idea is challenged by recent evidence that the 'FOXP3+ Treg' fraction in fact contains activated 'nonregulatory' T cells. Also, FOXP3+ T cells are reported to have functionally and kinetically distinct subsets. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether either or both of regulatory and 'nonregulatory' FOXP3+ T cells are perturbed in patients with melanoma. METHODS: FOXP3+ T cells were classified into three subsets, namely CD45RO+FOXP3(low) nonregulatory T cells, CD45RO+FOXP3(high) effector Tregs, and CD45RO-FOXP3(low) naïve Tregs, according to their expression levels of FOXP3 and CD45RO. The percentage and cytokine production of these FOXP3+ T-cell subsets were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Both regulatory and nonregulatory T cells were increased in patients with melanoma. Moreover, we found three unexpected perturbations in FOXP3+ T-cell subsets: (i) patients with melanoma showed higher frequencies of FOXP3(low) nonregulatory T cells, which decreased and normalized after tumour removal; (ii) FOXP3(low) naïve Tregs containing higher frequencies of interferon-γ+ cells increased with tumour progression; and (iii) CD45RO+FOXP3(high) effector Tregs were pronouncedly infiltrated around tumour tissues. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that patients with melanoma have distinct and differential perturbation of both regulatory and nonregulatory FOXP3+ T cells. The degree of perturbation is associated with tumour burden and progression, suggesting that the perturbation reflects fundamental pathophysiological processes in patients with melanoma. The presented analysis provides a practical approach to investigate the immunological environment of cancer patients.
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Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/imunologia , Melanoma/imunologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Citocinas/imunologia , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Antígenos Comuns de Leucócito/metabolismo , Masculino , Melanoma/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Cutâneas/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A global depletion of FoxP3+ CD25(bright) CD4+ regulatory T cell is observed during lupus flares. This phenomenon is not the consequence of the relocalization of Tregs in diseased organs but could be related to their specific sensitivity to Fas mediated apoptosis. Several therapeutic perspectives can be drawn taking into account these pathophysiological insights.
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Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/fisiologia , HumanosRESUMO
The relationship between endometrial histology and ultrasonographic texture in the follicular phase was investigated. The endometrial sonographic texture of 32 infertile women with normal menstrual cycles was classified into three patterns (L, H and I) and histological and morphometrical analyses were performed. Endometrial specimens from pattern L, which showed multi-layered endometrium characterized by three hyperechogenic lines with inner hypo-echogenic regions, had smaller, similar-sized endometrial glands and few stromal cells. Those from pattern H which showed entirely homogeneous hyperechogenic endometrium, had larger, various-sized glands and more stromal cells. Those from pattern I which showed heterogeneous hyperechogenic and partially hypo-echogenic endometrium, had the largest, most variable-sized glands and many stromal cells. The differences in sonographic texture may be related to the histological and morphometrical findings.
Assuntos
Endométrio/diagnóstico por imagem , Endométrio/patologia , Fase Folicular , Infertilidade Feminina/diagnóstico por imagem , Infertilidade Feminina/patologia , Ciclo Menstrual , Adulto , Biópsia , Feminino , Humanos , Infertilidade Feminina/fisiopatologia , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
To investigate the functional aspects of secretory-phase endometrium, hysteroscopy was performed in 61 patients for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET), and 50 women for infertility evaluation. All women had normal ovulatory cycles. The hysteroscopic assessment of secretory-phase endometrium was made by characterizing the glandular openings (GO) and vasculature. The assessments were classified as 'good': characterized by ring-type GO and well-developed vessels; and 'poor': characterized by dot and/or punctate-type GO and fine vasculature. In the 30 patients classified 'good' prior to the IVF cycle, there was a higher pregnancy rate (40%) than in 'poor' ones (13%). Thirty of 50 infertile women were classified 'good', and their average age was lower than that of the remaining 20 in the 'poor' group. Preovulatory estradiol was significantly higher in the 'good' than in the 'poor' group. From an analysis of 20 patients with a 'poor' assessment, it was demonstrated that the maturation of secretory-phase endometrium was affected by a failure of folliculogenesis, progesterone secretion, endometrial growth and menstrual shedding.