Topic Discovery on Farsi, English, French, and Arabic Tweets Related to COVID-19 Using Text Mining Techniques.

BACKGROUND: Social networks are a good source for monitoring public health during the outbreak of COVID-19, these networks play an important role in identifying useful information. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to draw a comparison of the public's reaction in Twitter among the countries of West Asia (a.k.a Middle East) and North Africa in order to make an understanding of their response regarding the same global threat. METHODS: 766,630 tweets in four languages (Arabic, English French, and Farsi) tweeted in March 2020, were investigated. RESULTS: The results indicate that the only common theme among all languages is "government responsibilities (political)" which indicates the importance of this subject for all nations. CONCLUSION: Although nations react similarly in some aspects, they respond differently in others and therefore, policy localization is a vital step in confronting problems such as COVID-19 pandemic.

The stem cell marker CD133 is highly expressed in sessile serrated adenoma and its borderline variant compared with hyperplastic polyp.

Non-dysplastic serrated polyps (ND-SP) represent a heterogeneous group of colorectal lesions that comprise hyperplastic polyp (HP) and the non-dysplastic subset of sessile serrated adenoma/polyp/lesion (SSA/P/L) and its borderline variant (BSSA/P/L). Given the observer variation in their histological typing, the identification of reliable markers that assist in the characterisation is warranted. Most important is the identification of polyp qualities that may reflect the patients' risk of developing colorectal cancer. To address these issues, CD133 may represent a potential adjunct. Here we studied the discriminatory value of CD133 expression in the classification of ND-SPs and its distribution pattern in relation to synchronous colorectal carcinoma (SCRC). 39 SSA/P/Ls, 27 BSSA/P/Ls and 21 matched HPs were immunostained for CD133. The data were further correlated to the presence of SCRC and to polyp site and size. Ignoring SCRC status, CD133 was expressed more prominently in SSA/P/Ls than in HPs. The values for BSSA/P/Ls fell in between, yet closer to the SSA/P/L scorings. This observation was retained in the context of SCRC and for SSA/P/Ls not associated with SCRC. Right-sidedness and large size of the polyps more commonly associated with increased CD133 expression. CD133 expression was not a significant discriminator as to the SCRC status. BSSA/P/Ls are more closely aligned to SSA/P/L and further that SSA/P/L and BSSA/P/Ls fundamentally differ from HP by their CD133 immunoprofile, a notion that can be exploited in the diagnostic routine practice. Recorded data further indirectly support the idea that SSA/P/Ls are more prone to neoplastic progression than are HPs.

Qualities of sessile serrated adenoma/polyp/lesion and its borderline variant in the context of synchronous colorectal carcinoma.

AIMS: Although much data have accumulated on sessile serrated adenoma/polyp/lesion (SSA/P/L) in general, its characteristics in specified contexts are less well elucidated. This lack of knowledge is even more conspicuous concerning its borderline counterpart, referred to as BSSA/P/L. The previous histological observations of the authors on SSA/P/L and BSSA/P/L in general are here extended to encompass attributes of these polyps in the context of synchronous colorectal carcinoma (SCRC), with a focus on the place of BSSA/P/L in the spectrum of non-dysplastic serrated polyps. METHODS: 219 SSA/P/Ls, 206 BSSA/P/Ls and 170 hyperplastic polyps (HPs) were examined for SCRC. Demographics, polyp details (size, site, BRAF((V600E))) and advanced synchronous conventional adenomas were recorded. RESULTS: SCRC was present in 12.3% of SSA/P/Ls, 7.1% of HPs (p=0.09) and 8.3% of BSSA/P/Ls. Patients' ages were comparable. Gender distribution of SSA/P/L and BSSA/P/L was equal, which differed, albeit insignificantly, from a male predominance of HPs. More SSA/P/Ls and BSSA/P/Ls than HPs exceeded 4 mm (p≤0.0001). A proximal site characterised SSA/P/L compared with BBSA/P/L and HP (p<0.0001). BRAF mutation was more prevalent in SSA/P/Ls and BSSA/P/Ls, which further coexisted with advanced synchronous conventional adenomas less commonly than HPs. CONCLUSIONS: BSSA/P/L was like SSA/P/L in most respects. The lower SCRC prevalence of BSSA/P/L could fit the idea of BSSA/P/L as a precursor to SSA/P/L, a notion that deserves attention when formulating guidelines for CRC screening.

Sessile serrated lesion and its borderline variant - Variables with impact on recorded data.

Sessile serrated lesion (SSL), belonging to non-dysplastic serrated polyps (SP), has lately received much focus. Its role in the serrated neoplasia pathway(s) seems well established. Data on prevalence rate, demography, and some polyp characteristics remain, however, to be firmly established. Nor has its relation to SPs with subtle aberrant features, falling short of definite SSL-histology, been sufficiently addressed. The aim of this study was to highlight variables that may influence recorded data on SSL and to further discuss the appropriate place of SPs that possess histological attributes intermediate between traditional hyperplastic polyp (HP) and SSL, termed borderline SSL (BSSL). Upon review of 8.324 consecutive colorectal polyps signed-out as HP, 219 SSLs and 206 BSSLs were segregated, using strict predetermined criteria. Predominant left-sidedness and equal gender distribution characterized the present series, though right-sided SSLs occurred significantly more often in older subjects with a trend toward more females. The lower age of patients with SSL/BSSL in the last part of the study reflects the increased focus on hereditary neoplasm. BSSL differed from SSL only by a smaller polyp size. Discordant SSL-data can be ascribed primarily to diversities in endoscopic procedure, though tissue handling, the criteria used, and study design may contribute. A precursor status of BSSL to SSL is an attractive, though still unsubstantiated thesis.

Spontaneous regression of metastases from malignant melanoma: a case report.

A case of a 61-year-old male with widespread metastatic melanoma is presented 5 years after complete spontaneous cure. Spontaneous regression occurred in cutaneous, pulmonary, hepatic and cerebral metastases. A review of the literature reveals seven cases of regression of cerebral metastases; this report is the first to document complete spontaneous regression of cerebral metastases from malignant melanoma by means of computed tomography scans. Spontaneous regression is defined as the partial or complete disappearance of a malignant tumour in the absence of all treatment or in the presence of therapy, which is considered inadequate to exert a significant influence on neoplastic disease. The incidence of spontaneous regression of metastases from malignant melanoma is approximately one per 400 patients, and possible mechanisms include immunologic, endocrine, inflammatory and tumour nutritional factors. Our patient engaged in alternative therapies and was taking a number of different dietary supplements, none of which can be medically recommended, but the combination of which possibly strengthened the immune system and thereby the host defense against the melanoma metastases.