RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have shown that serum levels of vitamin D were lower in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children compared to healthy controls. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation as adjunctive therapy to methylphenidate on symptoms of children with ADHD. METHODS: Sixty-two children aged 5-12 years with a diagnosis of ADHD based on DSM-IV criteria were randomly assigned into two groups to receive either 2000IU vitamin D or placebo in addition to methylphenidate for 8 weeks. Symptoms severity was assessed by Conner's Parent Rating Scale-Revised[S] (CPRS), ADHD rating scale-IV (ADHD-RS), and Weekly Parent Ratings of Evening and Morning Behavior (WPREMB) at weeks 0, 4, and 8. Serum levels of 25(OH)D were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks. Anthropometric variables, dietary intake, physical activity, sun exposure, and side effects were assessed. RESULTS: Fifty-four participants completed the trial. After 8 weeks of supplementation, serum levels of 25(OH)D significantly increased in the vitamin D group. ADHD symptoms decreased significantly in both groups (P < 0.05). Evening symptoms and total score of WPREMB scale were significantly different at weeks 4 and 8 between the two groups (P = 0.013, 0.016, respectively), but no differences were found in symptoms by CPRS and ADHD-RS scales. DISCUSSION: Vitamin D supplementation as adjunctive therapy to methylphenidate improved ADHD evening symptoms. Future research is needed to clarify vitamin D effects as monotherapy in ADHD and its mechanism. The trial was registered in www.irct.ir is (IRCT201404222394N10).
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/dietoterapia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/tratamento farmacológico , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil , Suplementos Nutricionais , Inibidores da Captação de Dopamina/uso terapêutico , Metilfenidato/uso terapêutico , Vitamina D/uso terapêutico , Atividades Cotidianas , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/complicações , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/fisiopatologia , Calcifediol/sangue , Criança , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil/efeitos dos fármacos , Pré-Escolar , Terapia Combinada/efeitos adversos , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Inibidores da Captação de Dopamina/efeitos adversos , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Masculino , Metilfenidato/efeitos adversos , Pais , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Avaliação de Sintomas , Vitamina D/efeitos adversos , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações , Deficiência de Vitamina D/dietoterapia , Deficiência de Vitamina D/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine effects of probiotic yogurt and multispecies probiotic capsule supplementation on mental health and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in petrochemical workers. METHODS: The present randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 70 petrochemical workers. Subjects were randomly divided into three groups to receive 100â g/day probiotic yogurt + one placebo capsule (n = 25) or one probiotic capsule daily + 100â g/day conventional yogurt (n = 25) or 100â g/day conventional yogurt + one placebo capsule (n = 20) for 6 weeks. Mental health parameters including general health questionnaire (GHQ) and depression anxiety and stress scale (DASS) scores were measured. Fasting blood samples were obtained at the beginning and 6 weeks after the intervention to quantify hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. RESULTS: After 6 weeks of intervention, a significant improvement of GHQ was observed in the probiotic yogurt (18.0 ± 1.5 vs. 13.5 ± 1.9, P = 0.007) and in the probiotic capsule group (16.9 ± 1.8 vs. 9.8 ± 1.9, P = 0.001), as well as a significant improvement in DASS scores in the probiotic yogurt (23.3 ± 3.7 vs. 13.0 ± 3.7, P = 0.02) and the probiotic capsule group (18.9 ± 3.2 vs. 9.4 ± 4.0, P = 0.006). However, there was no significant improvement in the conventional yogurt group (P = 0.05 for GHQ and P = 0.08 for DASS). DISCUSSION: The consumption of probiotic yogurt or a multispecies probiotic capsule had beneficial effects on mental health parameters in petrochemical workers.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/prevenção & controle , Depressão/prevenção & controle , Disbiose/dietoterapia , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/fisiopatologia , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal/fisiopatologia , Probióticos , Iogurte/microbiologia , Adulto , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/etiologia , Bifidobacterium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bifidobacterium/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/sangue , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/etiologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Disbiose/etiologia , Disbiose/microbiologia , Disbiose/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Lactobacillus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Lactobacillus/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Indústria de Petróleo e Gás , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Fatores de Risco , Estresse Psicológico/sangue , Estresse Psicológico/microbiologia , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Recursos Humanos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of the current study was to determine effects of probiotic yoghurt and multispecies probiotic capsule supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in petrochemical workers. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was done among petrochemical workers. Subjects were randomly divided into three groups to receive 100 g/day probiotic yogurt (n = 12) or one probiotic capsule daily (n = 13) or 100 g/day conventional yogurt (n = 10) for 6 weeks. The probiotic yoghurt was containing two strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis with a total of min 1 × 10(7) CFU. Multispecies probiotic capsule contains seven probiotic bacteria spices Actobacillus casei 3 × 10(3), L. acidophilus 3 × 10(7), Lactobacillus rhamnosus 7 × 10(9), Lactobacillus bulgaricus 5 × 10(8), Bifidobacterium breve 2 × 10(10), Bifidobacterium longum 1 × 10(9) and Streptococcus thermophilus 3 × 10(8) CFU/g. Fasting blood samples were obtained at the beginning and end of the trial to quantify biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors. RESULTS: Although a significant within-group decrease in plasma protein carbonyl levels was seen in the probiotic capsule group (326.0 ± 308.9 vs. 251.0 ± 176.3 ng/mL, P = 0.02), the changes were similar among the three groups. In addition, significant within-group decreases in plasma iso prostaglandin were observed in the probiotic supplements group (111.9 ± 85.4 vs. 88.0 ± 71.0 pg/mL, P = 0.003) and in the probiotic yogurt group (116.3 ± 93.0 vs. 92.0 ± 66.0 pg/mL, P = 0.02), nevertheless there were no significant change among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, consumption of probiotic yogurt or multispecies probiotic capsule had beneficial effects on biomarkers of oxidative stress in petrochemical workers.
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BACKGROUND: The role of nutrition in the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) and related complications such as fatigue has been reported by several studies. The aim of this study is the assessment of nutritional status and its relationship with fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, in which 101 relapsing-remitting MS patients were enrolled. The fatigue status was determined using the validated Persian version of of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). Dietary intake was assessed using a 3-day food record questionnaire and compared to dietary reference intake (DRI) values. Association between variables was determined using Pearson Correlation Coefficient. RESULTS: In the preset study, 25 men and 76 women (total = 101) were enrolled. Analysis of dietary intake showed that daily intake of vitamin D, folate, calcium, and magnesium were significantly lower than DRI in all of patients. In men, zinc intake was significantly lower than DRI; while, in women, iron was significantly below the DRI level. After adjusting for energy, MFIS and its physical subscale were highly correlated with intake of folate and magnesium. CONCLUSION: Our findings support that lower magnesium and folate diets are correlated with higher fatigue scores in MS patients.
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an irregular response of immune system accompanied with different inflammatory manifestations including alterations in cytokines. Probiotics are non-pathogenic organisms with probable effects in various conditions such as inflammation. The present study hypothesized whether oral intake of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus in form of probiotic yogurt may represent an immunomodulatory effect in IBD patients. Overally, 210 patients in remission phase and 95 healthy people were recruited. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of either 250 grams of probiotic yogurt (PI) or 250 grams of plain yogurt (PC) daily for 8 weeks. The healthy control group (HG) also received probiotic yogurt as noted. The serum levels of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-10 and CRP levels were measured at baseline and at termination time. A significant difference was observed between intervention groups of PI and PC with HG group (p < 0.05). After the intervention, serum levels of IL-1ß, TNF-α and CRP were significantly decreased in PI group compared to their baseline values and intervention groups. The serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 increased significantly after the intervention compared to baseline values and PC levels (all p-values < 0.05). Intestinal homeostasis is a balance between pro and anti-inflammatory responses of intestinal immunocytes and could be maintained by probiotics.