Determinants of caregiver burden of persons with disabilities in a rural district in Egypt.

BACKGROUND: Family caregivers are critical partners in the plan of care of people with disabilities. The study aims to demonstrate the factor structure and internal consistency of the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) among the studied caregivers of disabled persons and to determine the effects of patients' and caregivers' characteristics on the burden and its dimensions. METHODS: A cross-sectional study among 260 family caregivers of disabled patients was carried out in a randomly chosen rural area, Minia, Egypt, 2019. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to determine the factorial validity of the CBI. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the significant factors affecting the burden. RESULTS: Factor analysis resulted in a five-factor solution using 20 items (four for each dimension) accounting for 72.7% of the total variance. The CBI and its dimensions showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha value > 0.70). Education of caregiver, family income, mental impairments, and mixed disabilities were significant predictors of total CBI burden. CONCLUSIONS: CBI is an effective multidimensional measure of the caregiver burden of disabled subjects. Caregivers experienced a distinct level of burden that is determined by caregiver and care recipient characteristics. Therefore, support and individualized counseling services should be optimized.

Sociocultural attitudes toward appearance and body shape dissatisfaction in adolescent Egyptian females: association and moderators.

Body image dissatisfaction is considered a predicting and maintaining factor of a variety of prevalent health problems. This study aimed to assess the influences of sociocultural factors and body mass index (BMI) on body dissatisfaction among university female students. This is a cross-sectional study. It included 1408 adolescent Egyptian females chosen randomly from Minia University students who answered the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-4), Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire in the period from June to July, 2018. In addition, their BMI was measured. Around one third of the students had major concerns about their body shape. BMI was the strongest predictor for dissatisfaction with body image (Standardized ß = 0.31; p-value: <0.00018). Both total and pressure subscales scores of SATAQ-4 were also significant explanatory variables. Pressures from the family were a strong predictor among urban students, peer pressures among rural students, and both family and peer pressures among students with low self-esteem. This study supported the associations of BMI and sociocultural influences with body image. Residence and self-esteem modified the level of sociocultural influences. Family literacy training and social support for students with low self-esteem are suggested preventive tools of eating and body image disturbances.

Predictors of Perceived Stress among Medical and Nonmedical College Students, Minia, Egypt.

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, stress has been tagged a global phenomenon. Many undergraduate students undergo considerable stress, and a variety of sources of stress have been identified among university students. The aim of this study is to identify the level of perceived stress and its predictors among medical and nonmedical Minia University students. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study comparing between medical and nonmedical students in Minia University, conducted during the period from March to April 2017. The sample consisted of 314 medical and 291 nonmedical students chosen through cluster random sampling as a section was chosen randomly from each academic year and collectively form the final sample. Data were collected through interview by a questionnaire inquiring about sociodemographic data, common stressors as academic, financial, family, and transportation stressors and Cohen Perceived Stress Scale 10. RESULTS: The prevalence of perceived stress was slightly higher (88.9%) among medical students than among nonmedical students (83.5%). Severe stress was found among (18.8%) of medical students compared to (12.4%) among nonmedical students (P < 0.05). The significant predictors of perceived stress were academic stressors, no exercise and being female among medical students, and were academic and financial stressors among nonmedical students. CONCLUSIONS: Medical students perceived more stress than nonmedical students. The academic stressors were significant predictors among all students; hence, there is a need for the establishment of students counseling unit, to facilitate coping with the stress of study and examination.

Effects of Mothers' Knowledge and Coping Strategies on the Glycemic Control of Their Diabetic Children in Egypt.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the relationship between mothers' knowledge related to treatment management of type 1 diabetes (T1D), with perceptions of coping with diabetes-related stress and to examine the relationship between children's metabolic control and maternal coping. A cross-sectional study was done among ninety-two mothers of T1D children. METHODS: Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, Ways of coping questionnaire (WCQ), and Diabetes Knowledge questionnaire-24 (DKQ-24). RESULTS: The most important predictors of the total knowledge scores among mothers were father education (P < 0.0001), followed by child age and sex (P < 0.0001), while the most important coping scales affected by total knowledge scores was accepting responsibility (P = 0.01). There were positive correlation between HBA1C and escape-avoidance and positive reappraisal coping scales (r = 0.24, P = 0.02 and r = 0.23, P = 0.02, respectively). Blood glucose level was the most important clinical characteristics affecting the use of seeking social support coping scale among mothers. CONCLUSIONS: Parents with more knowledge of diabetes and with better education were able to cope more effective and maintain a better glycemic control of their diabetic children.

Awareness and practice of patient rights from a patient perspective: an insight from Upper Egypt.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the patients' awareness of their rights, the predictors of knowledge of patients' rights and the degree of adherence to these rights by the medical team from the patients' perspective. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Minia University Hospital, Minia, Egypt. PARTICIPANTS: Hospitalized patients in Minia University Hospital, from 1 January to 1 February 2017. METHODS: In total, 514 patients were interviewed during their hospital stay. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that inquired about their knowledge of the patient rights and the level of practicing these rights from their point of view. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The awareness about different aspects of the patient rights was assessed by a mean knowledge score. Factors affecting the patients' awareness about their rights were evaluated. The extent to which physicians and nurses apply the patient rights from the patients' point of view was measured. RESULTS: About 76% of patients did not know that there is a charter of patient rights. The mean knowledge score of patient rights in this study was 7.2 ± 2.71 out of 14. Patients' education associated significantly with their knowledge score. The majority (98.1%) of interviewed patients stated that the medical team did not inform them about the available treatment choices. CONCLUSIONS: The greater part of the patients was not aware of their rights at a satisfactory level. Health care providers should place more emphasis on increasing the patients' awareness about their rights and involve them in making decisions regarding their treatment choices. The Ministry of Health needs to be more sensitive to this issue.

Child labor in a rural Egyptian community: an epidemiological study.

OBJECTIVES: Estimating the burden of child labor in a rural community of El-Minia governorate, Egypt and exploring its determinants and health impact. METHODS: One hundred and ninety nine children randomly participated from a randomly selected village; 147 (73.9%) males and 52 (26.1%) females, whose ages ranged from 6 to 17 years (mean age 12.1 ± 2.9). All children were subjected to interview questionnaire, and medical examination. RESULTS: Ninety (45.2%) of the children reported that they are engaged in a work. The working children belonged to 65.6 and 85.6% of illiterate fathers and mothers, respectively. The majority of the working children were engaged in jobs at quarries (58.9%), followed by farming (21.1%), then small proportions of children were working in other jobs. Poverty, big families and insufficient family's income were the most frequently reported reasons for starting to work (80%). There was a significant higher prevalence of the reported health complaints among working children. CONCLUSIONS: Working children are at high risk of many health problems. Poverty, parents' illiteracy, large family size and fathers' absence are the driving force for child labor in the rural community of Eastern Minia.