Determinants of nursing students' satisfaction with blended learning.

BACKGROUND: Blended learning, a pedagogical approach combining traditional classroom instruction with online components, has gained prominence in nursing education. While offering numerous benefits, student satisfaction with blended learning remains a critical concern. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing a comprehensive evaluation of the determinants influencing nursing students' satisfaction with this innovative educational modality. By examining a wide range of factors, including sociodemographic characteristics, academic factors, and environmental influences, this research offers valuable insights for educators to optimize blended learning experiences in nursing education. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was conducted. This study investigates the factors influencing nursing students' satisfaction with blended learning at Alexandria University, Egypt, where blended learning programs have been integrated into the curriculum primarily through the Microsoft Teams platform. A convenient sample of 1266 nursing students from both bachelor and technical educational institutions participated in the study from September 2023 to the end of December 2023. Data were collected using an online survey containing two measurement tools: the Blended Learning Satisfaction Scale and the Environmental Facilitators and Barriers to Student Persistence in Online Courses scale. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics and backward multiple linear regression, were conducted to identify factors that are associated with the satisfaction of nursing students' with blended learning. RESULTS: Findings indicate that factors such as age, gender, income, employment status, access to suitable internet sources, academic year, computer literacy, preferred learning method, and perceptions of environmental facilitators significantly influence satisfaction scores (all p < 0.001). The overall regression model, with an adjusted R² of 0.31, signifies that 31% of the variance in satisfaction scores is explained collectively by the previously mentioned variables (F = 21.21, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Students' sociodemographic variables, preference for blended learning, and perception of environmental facilitators such as encouragement to enroll in the course significantly influence nursing students' satisfaction levels with blended learning. However, limitations in the current study such as self-report bias, convenient sampling, and cross-sectional design limit the generalizability and causal inferences of these findings.

Excimer laser coronary angioplasty: a mini-narrative review of clinical outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) has evolved as a pivotal element in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), significantly influencing procedural efficacy and safety. This mini-narrative review explores ELCA's applications, focusing on its efficacy and clinical outcomes. BODY: A search of major databases identified studies from ELCA's inception. Inclusion criteria encompassed diverse study designs exploring ELCA in coronary interventions, with rigorous data extraction ensuring accuracy and completeness. A narrative synthesis presented key findings across studies. ELCA demonstrated promising outcomes compared to traditional PCI and stent placement. Reduced reperfusion time, enhanced microcirculation, and lower postoperative major adverse cardiac events (MACE) rates highlighted its efficacy. Improved vascular and lumen dynamics, plaque modification, and successful treatment of complex lesions showcased its versatility. Quality of life enhancements positively impacted long-term recovery, particularly in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) cases. ELCA's success in challenging scenarios and its role in refining in-stent restenosis (ISR) treatment indicated broader applications. Despite limitations in some studies, ELCA presented a favorable safety profile. CONCLUSION: The review underscores ELCA's dynamic role in coronary interventions, offering a promising tool for enhancing procedural outcomes. Clinical implications include improved reperfusion, adaptability in complex lesions, and potential long-term benefits for ACS patients. While integration into routine practice requires careful consideration, ELCA's positive outcomes encourage further exploration and innovation in interventional cardiology.

High Mobility Group Box 1 and Cardiovascular Diseases: Study of Act and Connect.

Cardiovascular disease is the deadly disease that can result in sudden death, and inflammation plays an important role in its onset and progression. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein that regulates transcription, DNA replication, repair, and nucleosome assembly. HMGB1 is released passively by necrotic tissues and actively secreted by stressed cells. Extracellular HMGB1 functions as a damage associated molecular patterns molecule, producing numerous redox forms that induce a range of cellular responses by binding to distinct receptors and interactors, including tissue inflammation and regeneration. Extracellular HMGB1 inhibition reduces inflammation and is protective in experimental models of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion damage, myocarditis, cardiomyopathies caused by mechanical stress, diabetes, bacterial infection, or chemotherapeutic drugs. HMGB1 administration following a myocardial infarction followed by permanent coronary artery ligation improves cardiac function by stimulating tissue regeneration. HMGB1 inhibits contractility and produces hypertrophy and death in cardiomyocytes, while also stimulating cardiac fibroblast activity and promoting cardiac stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Maintaining normal nuclear HMGB1 levels, interestingly, protects cardiomyocytes from apoptosis by limiting DNA oxidative stress, and mice with HMGB1cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression are partially protected from cardiac injury. Finally, elevated levels of circulating HMGB1 have been linked to human heart disease. As a result, following cardiac damage, HMGB1 elicits both detrimental and helpful responses, which may be due to the formation and stability of the various redox forms, the particular activities of which in this context are mostly unknown. This review covers recent findings in HMGB1 biology and cardiac dysfunction.

How to develop entrustable professional activities in a training dermatology program; practical tips for dermatology educators.

Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are units of professional practice that could be observed, assessed, monitored, documented, and entrusted. EPAs when entrusted, outline the physician's qualifications, and shape the scope of practice. This insight highlights the importance of development of EPAs in all medical specialties including dermatology to ensure the best standards for patient's care. Development of EPAs-based training program is considered a challenge for clinical educators. In this paper, we describe practical tips and reflections on our experience in developing EPAs in dermatology doctoral training program that could be a guide for dermatology educators to implement EPAs in dermatology training programs.

Microwave-assisted synthesis, characterization, and in vitro biological evaluation of a novel nanocomposite using molybdenum and [2,2'-bipyridine]-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid.

Currently, nanocomposites are synthesized and used in various fields. One of the applications of these nanostructures is in the medical field. Therefore, the synthesis of new composites with biological properties is important. In this study, under microwave conditions, a new nanocomposite containing molybdenum and [2,2'-bipyridine]-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid (Mo/BPDA) was synthesized. The synthesized Mo/BPDA composite was subjected to biological evaluations such as antibacterial and antifungal properties by clinical and laboratory standards institute guidelines, and anticancer properties by MTT method. Characterization and structure characteristics of the Mo/BPDA nanocomposite were evaluated using XRD (X-ray diffraction pattern), FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared), EDAX (energy-dispersive X-ray), EA (elemental analysis), TGA/DTG (thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermogravimetry), SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) analysis. The results indicated relatively high thermal stability (300 °C), high specific surface area (35 cm3 g-1) and uniform morphology of the synthesized Mo/BPDA nanocomposite. In antibacterial and antifungal activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (between 2 and 256 µg mL-1), minimum bactericidal concentration (between 4 and 128 µg mL-1), and minimum fungicidal concentration (between 64 and 256 µg mL-1) were tested and reported. The results showed that the antibacterial and antifungal activity of Mo/BPDA nanocomposite is higher than that of antibiotic drugs such as ampicillin, cefazolin, ketoconazole, and nystatin. In the investigation of the anticancer activity that was tested against bone cancer cells and breast cancer cells for 24 and 48 hours, cell proliferation and viability (37.3648-82.0674 tan control) and IC50 (33-43 µg mL-1) were observed. As a final result, it can be stated that the synthesized Mo/BPDA nanocomposite after the additional biological evaluations, such as in vivo study, can be used as an efficient option in treating bone cancer cells and breast cancer cells and a strong antibiotic on a wide range of infectious diseases.

Exploring Community Perspectives on Functional Paediatric Habitual Constipation.

(1) Background: Functional habitual constipation (FC) in children is a common gastrointestinal problem. This study aimed to explore the local community's view on this problem, emphasising the challenges that parents face in managing the condition and its impact on the child's quality of life. (2) Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, community-based study was conducted between March and July 2023. The survey received 933 responses. The target population was adults over 18 years of age living in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. An electronically distributed questionnaire was designed in the Arabic language. (3) Results: The mean knowledge scores were significantly higher in females than males, with t (931) = -2.701 and p = 0.007. The Bonferroni post hoc test results indicated that participants between 20 and 29 years exhibited significantly higher levels of knowledge scores compared to those between 30 and 39 years. Furthermore, the results revealed that those with three or more children had significantly higher knowledge scores compared to those with only one child. (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrated that parents in the local community have a good perceived knowledge of FC, but it needs to be linked with practice. They tended to report high levels of perception and demonstrated better practices. These results emphasise the importance of exploring the local community's view on constipation among children.

Evaluating Lingual Nerve Repair Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

PURPOSE: The lingual nerve (LN) is susceptible to injury during oral and maxillofacial procedures, leading to neurosensory deficits. Advances in microsurgical techniques necessitate a comprehensive review of overall effectiveness and influencing factors. METHODS: A systematic review was performed via Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify studies. Inclusion criteria were full text availability, studies written in english, and studies published after 2000 reporting LN repair. The primary outcome was sensory improvement defined via functional sensory recovery (FSR) or neurosensory testing (NST). Sex, time from injury to repair, method of repair, and graft length were examined to see if each influenced outcomes. RESULTS: A sample of 786 subjects across 17 studies was examined. Most patients were female (73.3%) and suffered injuries from third molar extractions (72.8%). Of the studies, 10 defined improvement by FSR with a total of 88.8% (500/563) of nerves achieving such. Of those achieving FSR, 91% did so within a year. The remaining 7 studies defined sensory improvement by individually setting various NST thresholds, with the combined improvement rate being 88.6% (203/229). Positive outcomes were achieved with graft lengths up to 70 mm. Results on time to repair were mixed. The methods of repairs were not different based on statistical analysis short of performing an equivalence trial. CONCLUSION: Conclusions made from studies using FSR were similar to studies using NST, meaning the method of measuring outcomes does not seem to be a confounder. FSR is the superior scale due to being objective and standardized. LN repair produced high rates of sensory improvement, which is expected to occur within 1 year postoperative. Sex and graft length did not influence outcomes. More research is needed to determine the effect of time to repair on efficacy. Most methods of repair produced similar outcomes, suggesting multiple valid techniques exist.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 cases admitted to adult intensive care units during the pandemic: A single center experience.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is the largest recorded pandemic in history. It causes several complications such as shock, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and organ failure. The objective was to determine COVID-19 outcomes and risk factors in the intensive care (ICU) setting. METHODS: A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was conducted. Adult patients with a positive RT-PCR test for COVID-19 admitted to ICUs of a tertiary care hospital between 2020 and 2022 were included. Patients who had severe complex trauma were excluded. The outcomes examined included ventilation use and duration, length of stay (LOS), and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 964 patients were included. The mean ( ± standard deviation, SD) age was 63.7 ± 16.9 years. The majority of the patients were males (59.0 %) and Saudi (75.7 %). Ventilation use was documented in 443 (57.1 %) patients, with a mean ( ± SD) ventilation duration of 9.7 ± 8.4 days. Death occurred in 361 (37.4 %) patients after a mean ( ± SD) of 33.3 ± 44.5 days from infection. The mean ( ± SD) LOS was 30.6 ± 54.1 days in hospital and 5.2 ± 5.4 days in ICU. Ventilation use was associated with older age, males, longer ICU LOS, mortality, and admission to medical-surgical ICU. Crude mortality use was associated with older age, longer ICU LOS, use of ventilator, shorter ventilation duration, and admission to medical-surgical or respiratory ICUs. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 patients admitted to adult ICUs are at high risk of death and mechanical ventilation. The crude risks of both outcomes are higher in older age and longer ICU LOS and are very variable by ICU type.

Updates in the Management of Leg Length Discrepancy: A Systematic Review.

The aim of this study is to comprehensively investigate the recent literature on the management of leg length discrepancy (LLD). A thorough search of pertinent databases was done in order to find studies that satisfied the requirements for inclusion. A thorough search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct was conducted to find pertinent literature. Rayyan Qatar Computing Research Institute (QRCI, Ar Rayyan, Qatar) was utilized during the whole operation. Eight studies, including a total of 345 patients, were included in our data, and 206 (59.7%) of them were males. Percutaneous epiphysiodesis was the surgical intervention of choice in four studies. LLD can be effectively corrected by temporary and permanent epiphysiodesis. One study reported the incidence of angular deformities following temporary epiphysiodesis. Circumferential periosteal and dual tension-band plating significantly reduced LLD, but reported the incidence of an "over-shoot" in some patients. Bilateral motion control shoes and orthotic insole both were found to improve the patient's gait and trunk symmetry, evidenced by longer and faster steps, reduced ground impact at heel strike, and lower peak plantar pressure in both limbs. Our findings confirm that no inferences about the superiority of a particular management approach for the treatment of LLD can be made. The poor quality of the studies shows that more randomized control trials and prospective studies on the subject are required.

Tracking the epidemiological trends of female breast cancer in Saudi Arabia since 1990 and forecasting future statistics using global burden of disease data, time-series analysis.

BACKGROUND: Female breast cancer stands as the prime type of cancer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), with a high incidence and mortality rates. This study assessed the burden of female breast cancer in KSA by analyzing and forecasting its incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). METHODS: We retrieved data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) about female breast cancer from 1990 to 2021. Time-series analysis used the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to forecast female breast cancer statistics from 2022 to 2026. RESULTS: From 1990 to 2021, KSA reported 77,513 cases of female breast cancer. The age groups with the highest number of cases are 45-49 years, followed by 40-44 years, 50-54 years, and 35-39 years. The analysis also showed fewer cases in the younger age groups, with the lowest number in the less than 20-year-old age group. From 1990 to 2021, KSA reported 19,440 deaths due to breast cancer, increasing from 201 cases in 1990 to 1,190 cases in 2021. The age-standardized incidence rate/100,000 of breast cancer increased from 15.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) 11.2-21.0) in 1990 to 46.0 (95%CI 34.5-61.5) in 2021. The forecasted incidence rate of female breast cancer will be 46.5 (95%CI 45.8-46.5) in 2022 and 49.6 (95%CI 46.8-52.3) in 2026. The age-standardized death rate per 100,000 Saudi women with breast cancer increased from 6.73 (95%CI 6.73-9.03) in 1990 to 9.77 (95%CI 7.63-13.00) in 2021. The forecasted female breast cancer death rate will slightly decrease to 9.67 (95%CI 9.49-9.84) in 2022 and to 9.26 (95%CI 8.37-10.15) in 2026. DALYs increased from 229.2 (95%CI 165.7-313.6) in 1990 to 346.1 (95%CI 253.9-467.2) in 2021. The forecasted DALYs of female breast cancer will slightly decrease to 343.3 (95%CI 337.2-349.5) in 2022 reaching 332.1 (95%CI 301.2-363.1) in 2026. CONCLUSIONS: Female breast cancer is still a significant public health burden that challenges the health system in KSA, current policies and interventions should be fashioned to alleviate the disease morbidity and mortality and mitigate its future burden.

Golden steps: A nursing approach for vitality, agility, and rumination in geriatric clients with depressive disorders through mindful walking.

BACKGROUND: Depression is a prevalent issue among older adults and can significantly impact their overall quality of life. While traditional treatments may not always be sufficient or suitable for all individuals, the potential of alternative interventions, such as mindful walking, offers a ray of hope. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of mindful walking on rumination, agility, vitality, and mindfulness in geriatric patients with depressive disorders. METHOD: A prospective quasi-experimental design was employed with a purposive sample of 35 clients in the intervention group and 33 in the control group. This study utilized the Ruminative Responses Scale - Short Form (RRS-SF) and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) to measure the primary outcome. The Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and State-Level Version of the Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS) were used to measure the secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Mindful walking significantly affected vitality, mindfulness, and rumination, with effect sizes (Õ²2 = 0.168, 0.137, and 0.127), respectively. On the other hand, the intervention had a less significant effect on agility, with an effect size (Õ²2 = 0.047). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that geriatric clients with depressive disorders showed more significant improvements in vitality, followed by improvement in rumination and agility. Integrating mindful walking as a part of care plans for those clients would promote their physical activity and mental well-being.

Screening, awareness and challenges for colorectal cancer treatment in Saudi Arabia: an update.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in the world. In Saudi Arabia, CRC is the most common cancer in males and the third most common in females, and its incidence rate is rising as the country continues to develop. However, the country does not have a national CRC screening program for CRC. This review aims to review recent studies that have attempted to address and rectify this issue and discern the most notable and prevalent barriers. Despite these efforts, guidelines are still lacking. Two prospective studies have been conducted in recent years, one of which was a national pilot screening program conducted by the Ministry of Health (MOH). While both had a similar number of participants, the colonoscopy rate for patients with a positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in the MOH program was only 20% compared to 75.8% in the Al-Kharj program. Awareness of the Saudi population regarding CRC and its screening appears to be insufficient. The most common barriers to patients' willingness to undergo screening were embarrassment, fear, and pain. Barriers to physicians are mostly related to factors outside their hands, such as lack of equipment and time. We conclude that efforts should be made to establish a national screening program and improve awareness of the population and physicians.

Sonographic imaging of the stellate ganglion in healthy adults: An observational study.

The aim of this study is to estimate the normal cross-sectional area and diameter of the stellate ganglion (SG) by ultrasound (US) in healthy adults. The study sample included 80 stellate ganglia in 40 participants (15 males, 25 females), mean age 38 years, mean height 162.5 cm, mean weight 67.8 kg, mean body mass index 25.4 kg/m2. Two radiologists separately obtained US images of the bilateral SG. Each participant was scanned 3 times bilaterally to assess for intra-observer reliability. The mean diameter of the SG was 1 mm (range: 0.1-2). The mean CSA of the bilateral SG was 1.3 mm2 (range: 0.6-3.9). The SG diameter positively correlated with age. Our study demonstrates the ability of US to image the SG and estimate its normal diameter and CSA. Knowledge of how to identify and measure the SG during ultrasound-guided procedures would be expected to decrease the risk of associated complications and help establish normal reference values.

Effect of Transplanted Bone Marrow on Spleen of Irradiated Pregnant Rats and Their Fetuses.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Prenatal ionizing radiation exposure may hinder fetal and embryonic growth depending on the dose and gestational age. The current study's objective was to discover how bone marrow transplants affected the spleens of pregnant rats that had been subjected to γ (Gamma) radiation. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Sixty rats that were pregnant were separated into five different groups, each with 6 females. The pregnant rats in the second Group were exposed to 2Gy of γ-rays. Group III; pregnant rats subjected to 2Gy of γ-rays, followed by an intraperitoneal injection of newly prepared bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The fifth Group were exposed to 2Gy γ-rays and received 1 dosage of BMT an hour later. Spleen samples from the pregnant rats as well as their fetuses were taken for histological and histochemical analyses. <b>Results:</b> Gamma rays damaged the splenic tissue of women and their fetuses on days 7 or 14 of pregnancy in a variety of histological and histochemical ways, although bone marrow transplantation significantly reduced the damage. Treated mothers with bone marrow post-radiation showed a noticeable recovery in spleen of their fetuses. Improved spleen architecture was accompanied by appearance of normal content of collagen, polysaccharides and total protein in the fetal spleen tissue especially on day 7 of gestation. <b>Conclusion:</b> Bone marrow transplantation can lessen the damage caused by gamma radiation.

Parental perception of nocturnal enuresis in a local region of Saudi Arabia.

Nocturnal enuresis (NE) has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit or hyperactivity disorder, and intellectual disability. This study aimed to assess parents' perception of NE in children in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. We conducted a cross-sectional study from May to August 2023, including parents aged ≥18 years living in the area. We administered an online questionnaire to assess parents' knowledge and attitudes toward NE and its treatment. A total of 616 parents completed the questionnaire, 71.4% of which were women, 35% were aged between 25 and 35 years, 75% were married, 65% had a university degree, and 49% had three or more children. In total, 70% demonstrated a good overall knowledge about NE and its treatment, and nearly 60% had a positive attitude toward the condition. Univariate and multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses revealed that female sex, a higher level of education, and having more than one child were associated with a higher score regarding attitude toward treatment. The level of education and the number of children were predictors of knowledge and a positive attitude toward NE in children.

Epilepsy first aid awareness among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder affecting more than 50 million human lives of all ages, its social, physical and psychological implications is of huge concern. The current study and as a continuation of epilepsy knowledge assessment projects conducted by our research team is aimed to assess the knowledge of healthcare workers regarding epilepsy first aid in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out from 2020 to 2021. Results: During the study period, 272 healthcare workers were recruited; participants were males and females from different nationalities in various Saudi Arabian cities, possess diverse qualifications, and belong to several healthcare-related professions. The question, "Did you witness an epileptic seizure"? was answered as "Yes" by 42% of participants, and in response to the question "If you know that this patient struggles during seizure attacks," 58% of respondents stated that they would not call an ambulance. Moreover, the question "Put something in his/her mouth to prevent tongue biting" was incorrectly answered as "Yes" by 42% of respondents, and the question "Try to catch him/her and stop his/her movement" in order to control the attack was answered "Yes" by 21% of respondents. Furthermore, almost 90% of healthcare participants do not know how to use the Vagus Nerve Stimulation device. The mean knowledge score among participants was 23.7; sex, as well as type of higher qualification obtained, was found to be significantly associated with the score of knowledge. Conclusion: Knowledge toward epilepsy and epilepsy first aid among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia was found fragile. Further research is appreciated to support the current findings.

Evaluating Stromal Vascular Fraction As a Treatment for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: A Scoping Review.

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the potential of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) for peripheral nerve regeneration. METHODS: A scoping review of Scopus and PubMed databases was conducted. Inclusion criteria were human or animal studies exploring the use of SVF for peripheral nerve regeneration. Studies were categorized by assessed outcomes: pain assessment, neural integrity, muscle recovery, and functional recovery. Level of evidence and study quality were assessed. RESULTS: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. SVF injection in humans with trigeminal neuropathic pain reduced pain scores from 7.5 ± 1.58 to 4.3 ± 3.28. SVF injection improved sensation in humans with leprosy neuropathy. Repairing transected rat sciatic nerves with SVF-coated nerve autografts improved wet muscle weight ratios (0.65 ± 0.11 vs 0.55 ± 0.06) and sciatic functional index (SFI) scores (-68.2 ± 9.2 vs -72.5 ± 8.9). Repairing transected rat sciatic nerves with SVF-coated conduits increased the ratio of gastrocnemius muscle weights (RGMW) (7-10% improvement), myelinated fibers (1,605 ± 806.2 vs 543.6 ± 478.66), and myelin thickness (5-20% increase). Repairing transected rat facial nerves with SVF-coated conduits improved whisker motion (9.22° ± 0.65° vs 1.90° ± 0.84°) and myelin thickness (0.57 µm ± 0.17 vs 0.45 µm ± 0.14 µm). Repairing transected rat sciatic nerves with SVF-coated nerve allografts improved RGMW (85 vs 50%), SFI scores (-20 to -10 vs -40 to -30), and Basso, Beatie, and Bresnahan locomotor scores (18 vs 15). All metrics mentioned above were statistically significant. The human studies were level 4 evidence due to being case series, while animal studies were the lowest level of evidence. CONCLUSION: Despite initial promising results, the low-level evidence from the included studies warrants further investigation.

Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides associated with follicular mucinosis: A case report and mini review.

Key Clinical Message: F-MF is a rare non-classic variant of MF. In the case of hair loss, this should be a diagnostic consideration. The essence of the diagnosis of F-MF is a careful medical history, physical examination, and a combination of immunohistological and molecular analyses (Cureus. 2022; 14:e21231, Ann Saudi Med. 2012; 32:283, Oman Med J. 2012; 27:134, Int J Dermatol. 2016; 55:1396, Saudi Med J. 2018; 39:994 and Case Rep Oncol. 2018; 11:436). Abstract: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with multiple subtypes. Follicular MF (F-MF) is a non-classic variant of MF. Histological features entail folliculotropism and damage of the epithelium lining of the hair follicles with or without mucin deposition. A 52-year-old male patient complained of recurrent skin lesions on the scalp over 8 months. The lesions appeared suddenly, enlarged over time, and became itchy. A skin punch biopsy was performed. Histological features included mucin deposits in the epithelium of the hair follicles and dense, predominantly perifollicular atypical lymphocytes infiltrating the follicular epithelium. The lymphoid cells were composed of CD3-positive T cells (CD4/CD8-positive T cells) with a shift in favor of the former. The case was diagnosed as F-MF on an immunohistological basis. The diagnosis of F-MF is often difficult for dermatologists and dermatopathologists alike. Not only clinicopathological correlations but also immunohistochemical and molecular analysis are required.

Dermoscopy aids in lesion selection for microbiological and histopathological assessment of mycetoma.

Mycetoma, a chronic granulomatous infection of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue, is characterized by discharge of exudate containing grains. This report illustrates the importance of dermoscopy in selecting lesions for both microbiological and histopathological assessment, which are considered the gold standard of diagnosis in mycetoma.