Haemostatic effects of latex from Croton sparsiflorus Morang, in vitro, in vivo, in silico approaches.

The present investigations are phytochemical screening of Latex aqueous (Laq) extract of C. sparsiflorus and study its role in homeostasis. It is being traditionally used for fresh cuts to stop bleeding immediately. To know the contents of extract, the quantitative phytochemical analysis were performed it showed the contents such as saponins (15.2%), alkaloids (7.61%), phenols (0.62%), tannins (1.1%), and flavonoids (0.224%). The in vitro and in vivo blood clotting mechanism was observed in Wister albino rats to understand the blood clotting activity. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay was performed by 3T3L1 cell lines evaluated by Laq extract of C. sparsiflorus to determine the toxic effects of the extract. The gas chromatographic and liquid chromatographic mass spectra (GCMS and LCMS) were observed there were three compounds obtained namely, 1) methyl-hexafuranoside, 2) cumarandione, and 3) crotonosine, in addition to that the NMR (1H and 13C) elemental analysis, FT-IR (4000-400 cm-1) and UV-vis (800-200 nm) spectra were also recorded in aqueous solution. The molecular docking studies performed, in which the blood clotting factors have a potential interaction with crotonosine. This in-silico study demonstrates the interactions of active components of C. sparsiflorus with blood clotting factors. Furthermore, since the crotonosine compound has more blood clotting factor the molecular structure was treated with density functional theory calculation (DFT) to understand the optimized geometry, vibrational behaviour and electronic excitation states.

Modeling of fugitive dust emission and control measures in stone crushing industry.

Stone crushing in India is a small scale industry, where most of the operations are performed manually. A cluster of 72 stone crushing units located at Trisoolam in Chennai is a source of high levels of dust generation in the vicinity of the crushers and in the communities surrounding them. An ambient air quality monitoring network was designed and operated over 3 months (June-August, 2006) at 17 sites across the Trisoolam area. Wind speed and direction were monitored continuously every 1 hour to determine the upwind and downwind directions for the air quality monitoring program. The TSPM concentration at the source varied 1268-4108 microg/m(3) with a mean of 2759 microg/m(3), whereas in ambient air varied 65-417 microg/m(3) with a mean of 190 microg/m(3). The percentage of particulate fractions PM(2.5), PM(10), PM(15), and PM(30) was 14.3, 36.6, 45 and 73.5% of the total dust respectively. The settleable particulate matter was found to be 45% and the maximum percent of particles is in the range of 3-5 microm (8 %). Both ambient dust concentration and occupational exposure level exceeded Indian National Standards at most of the locations. Mathematical models viz., FDM, ISCST3 and AERMOD were employed for prediction of dust emission from stone crushers on the surrounding areas. The impact zone for measured concentration varied 211-1350 m with a mean of 784 m. The impact zone for predicted concentrations of FDM, ISCST3 and AERMOD varied 153-2650 m, 143-1056 m, 135-1225 m with a mean of 1335 m, 501 m and 679 m respectively. The control measures adopted at these stone crushing units are not sufficient enough to bring down the concentration within the stipulated limits. There is a scope for further improvement of control measures at these stone crushing units.