Análisis retrospectivo de registros clínicos de una población felina, a partir de los rangos etarios definidos por la International Cat Care / Clinical Record Retrospective Analysis of a Cat Population based on the Age Ranges Defined by the International Cat Care

Resumen En el presente estudio se realizó un análisis retrospectivo a 1199 fichas clínicas de felinos, pertenecientes a una clínica veterinaria entre los años 2008-2013, con el propósito de establecer el orden de importancia de las distintas patologías. Dicho análisis se basó en la categoría etaria de la International Cat Care (ICC) y consideró las variables sistema afectado, raza, sexo y condición reproductiva. Del total de fichas, el 69 % (827/1199) correspondieron a pacientes con patologías, donde el sistema más afectado correspondió al sistema tegumentario (20,1 %). La raza con mayor representación correspondió a los tipo doméstico común (DC), con un 98,42 %, mientras que el 1,58 % restante fue representado por ejemplares de raza. Con respecto a la distribución por sexo, esta afectó al 52,29 % de los machos y al 47,71 % de las hembras. De acuerdo con el rango etario, el mayor porcentaje de patologías se presentó en los junior, con un 41,53 %. Con respecto a la condición reproductiva, el 76,15 % de las fichas clínicas analizadas correspondió a animales enteros, los castrados representaron el 7,51 % y la diferencia porcentual restante (16,35 %) incluyó a todos aquellos pacientes en los cuales no existía dicha información.

Abstract This study was conducted as a retrospective analysis of 1199 cat clinical files in a veterinary clinic between 2008 and 2013. The study aims to determine an importance ranking for the different pathologies. This analysis is based on the age categories provided by the International Cat Care (ICC) and takes into account the variables: affected system, race, sex, and reproductive condition. Out of the total files, 69% (827/1199) accounted for patients with pathologies and the integumentary system was the most frequently affected (20.1 %). The most frequently found race was the common home cat (CHC) with 98.42% while the remaining 1.58 % accounted for specific race specimens. Regarding the sex distribution, 52.29% of affected cats were male and 47.71% were female. Regarding the age ranges, a higher percentage of pathologies was found in junior cats, with 41.53%. Regarding the reproductive condition, 76.15% of the clinical files analyzed herein belong to non-neutered cats and 7.51% to neutered cats. The remaining percentage difference (16.35 %) includes all the patients without this specific information.

Clinical outcomes of lingual fully customized vs labial straight wire systems : Assessment based on American Board of Orthodontics criteria.

PURPOSE: To evaluate orthodontic treatment outcome in patients treated with a lingual appliance (Incognito™ Appliance System, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) versus patients treated with a labial appliance (Victory series™, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA). METHODS: A total of 72 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The complexity of each case was evaluated using the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) Discrepancy Index (DI), and orthodontic clinical outcomes were evaluated using the ABO Objective Grading System (cast-radiograph evaluation: C­R Eval). RESULTS: The mean total ABO C­R Eval score was 16 ± 9.1 in the labial appliance group and 12.7 ± 5.4 in lingual appliance group (p = 0.152). The mean total ABO-DI scores were 16.3 ± 7.3 and 15.4 ± 6.6 in the labial and lingual appliance groups, respectively (p = 0.445). A significant correlation was observed between the total DI and total C­R Eval scores. CONCLUSIONS: In this particular study and in the hands of two experienced orthodontists, no differences in the finishing quality of orthodontic treatments using the lingual technique or the buccal appliance technique were found. However, further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are necessary in order to generalize these results.

Effectiveness of lingual versus labial fixed appliances in adults according to the Peer Assessment Rating index.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of lingual treatment and labial fixed appliances in the treatment of adult orthodontic patients. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 72 patients. The Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index was measured at the start (T0) and end (T1) of treatment. Significant differences between treatment means were determined by means of analysis of variancewith the Bonferroni correction or with the use of Fisher exact test. RESULTS: The lingual group had a mean pretreatment age of 28.6 ± 6.7 years, and the labial group had a pretreatment age of 26.6 ± 9.5 years. This difference was statistically not significant. The mean pre- and posttreatment PAR scores in the labial group were 22.9 ± 6.2 and 2.1 ± 2.3, respectively, and the mean pre- and posttreatment PAR scores in the lingual group were 26.5 ± 8.3 and 2.3 ± 2.5. There were no significant differences between the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Lingual and labial appliances produced similar reductions in PAR scores. There was no difference in the posttreatment PAR scores between the lingual and labial treatment groups. Further studies involving larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are required to confirm the results obtained.

The complete mitogenome of the invasive Japanese mud snail Batillaria attramentaria (Gastropoda: Batillariidae) from Elkhorn Slough, California, USA.

Genomic analysis of the invasive marine snail Batillaria attramentaria from Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing, California, USA using 150 bp paired-end Illumina sequences resulted in the assembly of its complete mitogenome. The mitogenome is 16,095 bp in length and contains 2 rRNA, 13 protein-coding, and 22 tRNA genes (GenBank Accession MN557850). Gene content and organization of B. attramentaria are identical to the Turritellidae and Pachychilidae. The phylogenetic analysis of B. attramentaria resolves it in a fully supported clade with these same two families in the superfamily Cerithioidea. Nucleotide BLAST searches of the Elkhorn Slough cox1 gene of B. attramentaria yielded identical sequences from invasive populations from California and British Columbia, and native populations from northeastern and central Japan. These data show that mitogenome sequencing is a useful tool for studying the classification and phylogenetic history Cerithioidea.

Zidovudine/Lamivudine vs. Abacavir/Lamivudine vs. Tenofovir/Emtricitabine in fixed-dose combinations as initial treatment for HIV patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Initial treatment of the HIV is based on the use of three drugs, two of which are nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. There are three combinations of these drugs which have been approved by different guidelines, each with divergent results in terms of efficacy and safety. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of these three combinations. METHODS: Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing fixed doses of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate / Emtricitabine (TDF/FTC), Abacavir / Lamivudine (ABC/3TC) and Zidovudine / Lamivudine (ZDV/3TC). RESULTS: Seven clinical trials met the eligibility criteria. The results suggested higher efficacy with TDF/FTC vs. ABC/3TC at 96 weeks and vs. ZDV/3TC at 48 weeks. However, there is clinical and statistical heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis were performed by third drug and by level of viral load prior to treatment, and found no differences in virological control. Network meta-analysis could only be carried out with TDF/FTC vs. ZDV/3TC, and the proportion of patients with virological response, with no differences at 48 weeks nor at 96 weeks. Direct comparisons showed an increased risk of bone marrow suppression of ZDV/3TC vs. TDF/FTC and of ABC/3TC hypersensitivity reactions vs. ZDV/3TC. CONCLUSIONS: The results did not show differences in effectiveness among the interventions. However, due to the heterogeneity of the third drug and the follow-up time between the included studies, this result is not definitive. The results raise the need for further studies to help improve treatment recommendations in patients infected with HIV.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El tratamiento inicial de la infección por VIH se basa en el uso de tres medicamentos, dos de ellos inhibidores de transcriptasa reversa análogos de nucleósido. Existen tres combinaciones de estos medicamentos aprobadas por diferentes guías, con resultados divergentes en cuanto a eficacia y seguridad. OBJETIVO: Comparar la eficacia y seguridad de las 3 combinaciones. MÉTODOS: Revisión sistemática y metanálisis en red de ensayos clínicos con asignación aleatoria comparando dosis fijas de Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarato/Emtricitabina (TDF/FTC), Abacavir/Lamivudina (ABC/3TC) y Zidovudina/Lamivudina (ZDV/3TC). RESULTADOS: Siete ensayos clínicos cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. Los resultados sugirieron mayor eficacia con TDF/FTC vs ABC/3TC a 96 semanas y vs. ZDV/3TC a 48 semanas. Sin embargo, existe heterogeneidad clínica y estadística. Se realizó análisis de subgrupos por tercer medicamento y por nivel de carga viral previa al tratamiento, sin encontrar diferencias en control virológico. Se pudo realizar metanálisis en red con TDF/FTC vs ZDV/3TC y proporción de pacientes con respuesta virológica, sin diferencias a las 48 semanas ni 96 semanas. Las comparaciones directas evidenciaron mayor riesgo de supresión de médula ósea de ZDV/3TC vs TDF/FTC y de reacciones de hipersensibilidad de ABC/3TC vs ZDV/3TC. CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados no demostraron diferencias en efectividad entre las intervenciones; sin embargo, debido a heterogeneidad en cuanto al tercer medicamento y el tiempo de seguimiento entre los estudios incluidos, dicho resultado no es definitivo. Los resultados plantean la necesidad de realizar nuevos estudios que ayuden a mejorar las recomendaciones de tratamiento en los pacientes infectados por el VIH.

Effect of zinc on immune recovery in HIV patients. Medellín 2013. Randomized controlled trial / Efecto del zinc en la recuperación inmunológica de pacientes con VIH. Medellín 2013. Ensayo clínico controlado

Abstract Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection progressively destroys the immune system and increases the susceptibility to opportunistic infections. The aim of this study was to assess the benefits and safety of zinc supplements at nutritional doses. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo control trial was performed in 40 adult patients that received either zinc sulfate or placebo daily during 12 weeks. The CD4 lymphocytes count was evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. Furthermore, we evaluated different clinical and epidemiological variables. Results: After the intervention, an increase ≥ 20% in CD4 lymphocytes was compared between groups; better response was observed in patients who received zinc (90% vs. 25%, p = 0.00), RR = 3.6 (95% CI 1.66; 7.8, p = 0.000) and reduction of relative risk of 74% compared to placebo. Conclusion: This clinical trial shows that patients who receive zinc sulfate supplement could increase the CD4 lymphocyte counting.

Resumen Introducción: la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana destruye progresivamente el sistema inmune, aumentando la susceptibilidad a infecciones oportunistas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los beneficios y la seguridad de los suplementos de zinc en dosis nutricionales en pacientes diagnosticados con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Métodos: se realizó un ensayo clínico controlado, aleatorizado, doble ciego en 40 pacientes adultos a quienes se suministró diariamente sulfato de zinc o placebo por 12 semanas. Se evaluó el recuento de linfocitos CD4 al inicio y al final de la intervención; además se evaluaron variables clínicas y epidemiológicas. Resultados: Después de la intervención, se comparó entre los grupos un aumento ≥ 20% de los linfocitos CD4, observándose una mejor respuesta en los pacientes que recibieron zinc (90 % vs. 25 %, p = 0,00), RR = 3,6 (IC 95 % 1,66; 7,8, p = 0,000) y una reducción del riesgo relativo de 74 % en comparación con placebo. Conclusión: este estudio muestra que el sulfato de zinc puede mejorar los niveles de linfocitos CD4 en pacientes infectados con VIH.

Zidovudine/Lamivudine vs. Abacavir/Lamivudine vs. Tenofovir/Emtricitabine in fixed-dose combinations as initial treatment for HIV patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis / Zidovudina/Lamivudina vs Abacavir/Lamivudina vs Tenofovir/Emtricitabina en combinaciones de dosis fija como tratamiento inicial en pacientes con VIH: revisión sistemática y metanálisis en red

Abstract Introduction: Initial treatment of the HIV is based on the use of three drugs, two of which are nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. There are three combinations of these drugs which have been approved by different guidelines, each with divergent results in terms of efficacy and safety. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of these three combinations. Methods: Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing fixed doses of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate / Emtricitabine (TDF/FTC), Abacavir / Lamivudine (ABC/3TC) and Zidovudine / Lamivudine (ZDV/3TC). Results: Seven clinical trials met the eligibility criteria. The results suggested higher efficacy with TDF/FTC vs. ABC/3TC at 96 weeks and vs. ZDV/3TC at 48 weeks. However, there is clinical and statistical heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis were performed by third drug and by level of viral load prior to treatment, and found no differences in virological control. Network meta-analysis could only be carried out with TDF/FTC vs. ZDV/3TC, and the proportion of patients with virological response, with no differences at 48 weeks nor at 96 weeks. Direct comparisons showed an increased risk of bone marrow suppression of ZDV/3TC vs. TDF/FTC and of ABC/3TC hypersensitivity reactions vs. ZDV/3TC Conclusions: The results did not show differences in effectiveness among the interventions. However, due to the heterogeneity of the third drug and the follow-up time between the included studies, this result is not definitive. The results raise the need for further studies to help improve treatment recommendations in patients infected with HIV.

Resumen Introducción: El tratamiento inicial de la infección por VIH se basa en el uso de tres medicamentos, dos de ellos inhibidores de transcriptasa reversa análogos de nucleósido. Existen tres combinaciones de estos medicamentos aprobadas por diferentes guías, con resultados divergentes en cuanto a eficacia y seguridad. Objetivo: Comparar la eficacia y seguridad de las 3 combinaciones Métodos: Revisión sistemática y metanálisis en red de ensayos clínicos con asignación aleatoria comparando dosis fijas de Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarato/Emtricitabina (TDF/FTC), Abacavir/Lamivudina (ABC/3TC) y Zidovudina/Lamivudina (ZDV/3TC). Resultados: Siete ensayos clínicos cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. Los resultados sugirieron mayor eficacia con TDF/FTC vs ABC/3TC a 96 semanas y vs. ZDV/3TC a 48 semanas. Sin embargo, existe heterogeneidad clínica y estadística. Se realizó análisis de subgrupos por tercer medicamento y por nivel de carga viral previa al tratamiento, sin encontrar diferencias en control virológico. Se pudo realizar metanálisis en red con TDF/FTC vs ZDV/3TC y proporción de pacientes con respuesta virológica, sin diferencias a las 48 semanas ni 96 semanas. Las comparaciones directas evidenciaron mayor riesgo de supresión de médula ósea de ZDV/3TC vs TDF/FTC y de reacciones de hipersensibilidad de ABC/3TC vs ZDV/3TC. Conclusión: Los resultados no demostraron diferencias en efectividad entre las intervenciones; sin embargo, debido a heterogeneidad en cuanto al tercer medicamento y el tiempo de seguimiento entre los estudios incluidos, dicho resultado no es definitivo. Los resultados plantean la necesidad de realizar nuevos estudios que ayuden a mejorar las recomendaciones de tratamiento en los pacientes infectados por el VIH.

[Neurocognitive Performance in Euthymic Bipolar I Patients With and Without History of Psychosis From a Multimodal Intervention Program: PRISMA]. / Desempeño neurocognitivo de pacientes con trastorno afectivo bipolar tipo I en eutimia con y sin antecedente de psicosis de un programa de intervención multimodal: PRISMA.

BACKGROUND: Patients with bipolar disorder type I (BDI) have an increased prevalence of psychotic symptoms, and these have been associated with higher cognitive impairment; however the issue has not been settled with the available evidence. OBJECTIVE: To determine if the history of psychotic symptoms in a Colombian sample with BDI is associated with greater cognitive impairment. METHODS: A case-control study was performed that included patients with BDI from the l PRISMA study. Of the 203 eligible subjects, 123 participants were included; 71 had a history of psychosis, and 52 did not. Cognitive function was characterised by neuropsychological tests that assessed intellectual coefficient, attention, executive function, verbal fluency, auditory and visual memory, and spatial location. RESULTS: No differences were found in most of the neuropsychological test results between the groups after adjusting for age, education, sex, duration of the disease, number of episodes, and use of benzodiazepines; however, there was differences in semantic FAS (P=.01), with a better performance in the group with a prior history of psychosis. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that there are no significant differences in the cognitive performance between patients with BDI in euthymic stage, with and without history of psychosis.

Desempeño neurocognitivo de pacientes con trastorno afectivo bipolar tipo I en eutimia con y sin antecedente de psicosis de un programa de intervención multimodal: PRISMA / Neurocognitive Performance in Euthymic Bipolar I Patients With and Without History of Psychosis From a Multimodal Intervention Program: PRISMA

Introducción: Los pacientes con trastorno afectivo bipolar tipo I (TBI) tienen alta prevalencia de síntomas psicóticos, los cuales se han relacionado con un mayor deterioro cognitivo. Sin embargo, en la literatura aún no hay total claridad sobre esto. Objetivo: Determinar si la historia de síntomas psicóticos en una muestra colombiana con TBI se asocia con mayor deterioro cognitivo. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio de casos y controles, en el que se incluyó a pacientes con TBI que pertenecían al estudio mayor PRISMA (Programa de Intervención Multimodal en Pacientes con Trastorno Afectivo Bipolar y Esquizofrenia). De 203 sujetos elegibles, se incluyó a 123, 71 con historia de psicosis y 52 sin este antecedente. Se caracterizó la función cognitiva de los participantes con pruebas neuropsicológicas para evaluar coeficiente intelectual, atención, función ejecutiva, fluidez verbal, memoria auditiva y visual y localización espacial, y se comparó el desempeño neurocognitivo entre los subgrupos de pacientes con y sin psicosis. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias en el desempeño en la mayoría de las pruebas neurocognitivas evaluadas entre los grupos al ajustar por edad, escolaridad, sexo, duración de la enfermedad en años, número de episodios y utilización de benzodiacepinas. Sin embargo, se encontró diferencia en el FAS semántico (p = 0,01), con mejor desempeño en el grupo con antecedente de psicosis. Conclusiones: Los resultados indican que no hay diferencias significativas en el desempeño neurocognitivo entre los pacientes con TBI en eutimia con y sin antecedente de psicosis.

Background: Patients with bipolar disorder type I (BDI) have an increased prevalence of psychotic symptoms, and these have been associated with higher cognitive impairment; however the issue has not been settled with the available evidence. Objective: To determine if the history of psychotic symptoms in a Colombian sample with BDI is associated with greater cognitive impairment. Methods: A case-control study was performed that included patients with BDI from the l PRISMA study. Of the 203 eligible subjects, 123 participantswere included; 71 had a history of psychosis, and 52 did not. Cognitive function was characterised by neuropsychological tests that assessed intellectual coefficient, attention, executive function, verbal fluency, auditory and visual memory, and spatial location. Results: No differences were found in most of the neuropsychological test results between the groups after adjusting for age, education, sex, duration of the disease, number of episodes, and use of benzodiazepines; however, there was differences in semantic FAS (P=.01), with a better performance in the group with a prior history of psychosis. Conclusions: The results suggest that there are no significant differences in the cognitive performance between patients with BDI in euthymic stage, with and without history of psychosis.

Adverse effects of lingual and buccal orthodontic techniques: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this systematic review was to assess the prevalence of adverse effects associated with lingual and buccal fixed orthodontic techniques. METHODS: Two authors searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and LILACS databases up to October 2014. Agreement between the authors was quantified by the Cohen kappa statistic. The following variables were analyzed: pain, caries, eating and speech difficulties, and oral hygiene. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess risk of bias in nonrandomized studies, and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias was used for randomized controlled trials. RESULTS: Eight articles were included in this systematic review. Meta-analysis showed a statistically greater risk of pain of the tongue (odds ratio [OR], 28.32; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 8.60-93.28; P <0.001), cheeks (OR, 0.087; 95% CI, 0.036-0.213; P <0.0010), and lips (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04-0.39; P <0.001), as well as for the variables of speech difficulties (OR, 9.39; 95% CI, 3.78-23.33; P <0.001) and oral hygiene (OR, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.02-11.95; P = 0.047) with lingual orthodontics. However, no statistical difference was found with respect to eating difficulties (OR, 3.74; 95% CI, 0.86-16.28; P = 0.079) and caries (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.17-7.69; P = 0.814 [Streptococcus mutans] and OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.20-2.23; P = 0.515 [Lactobacillus]). CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review suggests that patients wearing lingual appliances have more pain, speech difficulties, and problems in maintaining adequate oral hygiene, although no differences for eating and caries risk were identified. Further prospective studies involving larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm these results.

Differences in psychological traits between lingual and labial orthodontic patients: perfectionism, body image, and the impact of dental esthetics.

OBJECTIVE: To examine some of the patients' psychological traits in relation to their levels of perfectionism and their body image, and to discover whether these differ between lingual and labial orthodontic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed with a consecutive sample of 80 patients attending a private orthodontic office. Three questionnaires were used to assess the patients' body image and level of perfectionism. The mean age was 33 years. The men numbered 32 and the women 48. The validated Spanish version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetic Questionnaire (PIDAQ) was used to assess the psychosocial impact of their dental esthetics. The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) was used to assess how perfectionist the patients were. A version of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) was used for assessment of their body image. Student's t-test was used to compare the means and 95% confidence intervals (P < .05), and a logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The PIDAQ (55.4 vs 60, P  =  .218) and MBSRQ (128.7 vs 125.9, P  =  .523) results of the patients who chose lingual orthodontics did not differ significantly from those who opted for labial orthodontics. However, the MPS scores of the lingual orthodontic patients were significantly higher (95.9 vs 86.3, P  =  .044), and high social class, over 30 years of age, and perfectionist traits were significant independent variables in this group. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study may indicate that lingual orthodontic patients are more perfectionists than labial orthodontic patients.

A novel insertion in the FOXL2 gene in a Chilean patient with blepharophimosis ptosis epicanthus inversus syndrome type I.

OBJECTIVE: A novel insertion in the forkhead transcription factor 2 (FOXL2) was identified in a Chilean patient with blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus syndrome associated with premature ovarian failure (BPES type I). A clinical and molecular characterization of a patient with BPES type I was performed. METHOD: We present a 16-year-old adolescent girl with surgically treated blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus that was associated with delayed puberty and secondary amenorrhea at the age of 15, indicators that suggested that the patient had BPES type I. The FOXL2 gene was analyzed by sequencing its coding region. RESULTS: The sequence analysis of the FOXL2 gene revealed a novel heterozygous mutation: an 11 bp duplication (c.901_911dup11) that was predicted to encode a truncated protein (p.Pro305Argfs*54). CONCLUSIONS: A novel out-of-frame duplication following the polyalanine domain in the FOXL2 gene was identified in a Chilean patient with BPES type I. This study characterized the molecular alterations in FOXL2 and confirmed the diagnosis, thereby providing information to allow for improved genetic counseling for the patient and her family.

Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en adultos con VIH/sida, Medellín, Colombia, 2009 / Health related quality of life in adults with HIV/AIDS in Colombia

Introducción. El VIH/sida se considera una enfermedad crónica tratable dada la efectividad del tratamiento antirretroviral. En esta enfermedad es relevante evaluar aspectos que trascienden las medidas de presentación de la enfermedad; tal es el caso de la calidad de vida relacionada con lasalud, que alude a los cambios que la enfermedad, los tratamientos y las discapacidades, producenen el estado funcional, las percepciones y las oportunidades sociales de las personas a lo largo de la vida. Objetivo. Describir la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y su asociación con variables demográficas, socioeconómicas y clínicas, en adultos con VIH/sida de Medellín, 2009. Materiales y métodos. Se trata de un estudio transversal de 187 pacientes infectados. Se aplicaron el Medical Outcome Study Short Form (MOSSF36) y el World Health Organization Quality of Life(WHOQOL-BREF). El análisis se hizo con proporciones, medidas de resumen, intervalos de confianza, pruebas de t de Student, de U de Mann-Whitney y de Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA y regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados. El 82,97 % de los enfermos usaba antirretrovirales, 74,66 % el cumplimiento del tratamiento fue superior al IC_95%, y 74,68 % tenía recuento de linfocitos CD4 superiores a 200 células por mm3. Los puntajes de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud estuvieron entre 60,46 y 90,24. La presencia de enfermedad, la satisfacción con el apoyo familiar y con la situación económica, constituyeron losfactores condicionantes más relevantes para la calidad de vida del grupo de estudio. Conclusión. En este grupo, la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud fue explicada por aspectos que trascienden el dominio biológico y se relacionan directamente con la dimensión económica y el apoyo social.

[Health related quality of life in adults with HIV/AIDS in Colombia]. / Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en adultos con VIH/sida, Medellín, Colombia, 2009.

INTRODUCTION: HIV/AIDS is now considered a chronic treatable disease because of the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy. However, for this disease, issues require evaluation that goes beyond of disease occurrence. Health-related quality of life changes that may occur that continue throughout the life of the patient and may include functional status, perceptions of others, social opportunities, treatment requirements and disability. OBJECTIVE: The health-related quality of life is to be characterized along with its association with demographic, socioeconomic and clinical conditions in adults with HIV/AIDS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 187 people with HIV/AIDS in Medellín, 2009. The Medical Outcome Study Short Form (MOSSF36) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) were applied. The analysis was done with proportions, summary measures, confidence intervals, t Student, U Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA and multiple linear regressions. RESULTS: In this sample, 83.0% used antiretrovirals, 74.7% had adherence exceeding 95% and 74.7% had CD4 count above 200/mm(3). The scores of health-related quality of life were between 60.5 and 90.2. Presence of disease, satisfaction with family support and satisfaction with the economic situation were the conditions found most relevant to the quality of life. CONCLUSION: In adults with HIV/AIDS, the health-related quality of life was better explained by factors related to economic and social support than those associated with the biological domain.

Tumor mucinoso limítrofe paratesticular y carcinoma mucinoso: de retroperitoneo: a propósito de un caso / Mucinous limit tumor par testicular: of retro peritoneum: a purpose of a case

Los tumores testiculares y paratesticulares del tipo epiteliales son raros. Existe poca preferencia en la literatura de la variedad mucinosa. Se plantea controversia en la histogénesis debido a su asociación con teratomas, y establecer origen germinal. Se presenta el caso de paciente masculino de 38 años con clínica de dolor lumbar, masa abdominal palpable, aumento de volumen testicular izquierdo de 2 años de evolución. Se le practicó orquidectomía izquierda con hallazgo de tumor quístico de 7 cm x 6 cm x 3,5 cm, de contenido mucoide; se reportó como tumor mucinoso de bajo grado de malignidad para testicular (limítrofe). En vista de síntomas abdominales compresivos, se realiza laparotomía exploradora, encontrándose tumor lobulado de 21 cm x 19 cm x 12 cm en el retroperitoneo, que correspondió a carcinoma mucinoso variedad intestinal desarrollado en teratoma quístico maduro. Se concluyó que ambos tumores no guardaban relación entre sí, se consideraron sincrónicos.

Testicular and par testicular tumors of type epithelial are rare. There is little reference in literature of mucinous variety; the vast majorities are serous. In this article we discussed the case of 38 year old male who presented with a two year history of left low quadrant pain, abdominal mass and enlarged left testicle. Left orchiectomy was performed finding a mucoid cystic tumor, measuring 7 cm x 6 cm x 3.5 cm which was reported as a low grade malignancy par testicular mucinous (tumor Borderline). Consequently, since compressive symptoms persisted,the patient underwent exploratory laparotomy. A lobular tumor measuring 21 cm x 19 cm x 12 cm was found in the retroperitoneum. It corresponded to mucinous carcinoma of the intestinal variety within a mature cystic teratoma. Based on these findings and after reviewing the literature it was concluded that both tumors were independent from each other, considering them synchronous tumors.

Total carnitine and acylated carnitine ratio: relationship of free carnitine with lipid parameters in pediatric dialysis patients.

Carnitine has an essential role in the mitochondrial oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. Carnitine deficiency has been described in patients with chronic kidney disease. Total carnitine (TC) deficiency or a lower-than-normal ratio of free carnitine to acylated carnitine (FC:AC) has been shown to be associated with disorders in metabolism and plasma lipids. Metabolism and therapeutic use of carnitine have therefore been a major area of interest in dialysis patients. In a prospective observational study, we determined carnitine status (TC and FC:AC) and its correlations with lipid plasma levels in peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) patients. In pediatric patients on chronic PD or HD, we evaluated nutritional status (weight and height), biochemical parameters (TC, FC, and AC levels), and fasting plasma lipoprotein concentrations. We studied 35 patients (16 boys, 19 girls; 25 on PD, 10 on HD). Median age was 5 years (range: 3 months-15 years). Median weight-to-height Z-score was -0.5 (range: -2.1 to 1.9), and median height-to-age Z-score was -2.5 (range: -0.3 to -2.9). The mean TC was 65.4 +/- 23.8 pg/mL (normal value: 40-55 pg/mL); the median AC was 18 pg/mL (range: 2-56pg/mL; normal value: 3-15 pg/mL); and the mean FC was 41.8 +/- 16.6 pg/mL (normal value: 25-35 pg/mL). Median serum FC:AC was 2.22 (range: 0.59-4.3; normal value: 4). A significantly higher AC and a lower FC:AC were observed in HD patients as compared with PD patients. No differences in TC and FC were observed when patients were grouped by dialysis modality, time on dialysis, or nutrition status. Total cholesterol was 200 mg/dL or higher in 20 patients, and 25 patients showed elevated triglycerides (> 150 mg/dL). The latter patients had a higher AC than did the group of patients with triglycerides below 150 mg/dL (AC: 22 pg/mL and 12.5 pg/mL respectively; Kruskal-Wallis p < 0.003). We found TC levels to be high in this group of patients. However, the FC:AC ratio was lower than normal in all except in 1 patient. Elevated triglycerides were associated with elevated AC, suggesting carnitine insufficiency in our patients.

Resistencia nasal en sujetos roncadores y no roncadores según posición del cuerpo / Nasal resistanse in snorers and non snorers subjects in different body positions

Se realiza una evaluación de las diferencias de resistencia nasal con los cambios de posición del cuerpo, desde erecta a decúbitos laterales y dorsal, en un grupo de personas roncadoras grado II y no roncadoras. La muestra estuvo formada por 60 hombres, miembros del Ejército de Chile, de 30 a 50 años de edad, con índice de masa corporal entre normal a sobrepeso. El grupo en estudio estuvo constituido por 30 pacientes que consultaron por ronquidos en los servicios de Otorrinolaringología y Enfermedades Respiratorias del Hospital Militar y fueron clasificados como roncadores grado II. El grupo control lo integraron 30 hombres sanos no roncadores, seleccionados aleatoriamente cuando concurrieron a su examen anual preventivo obligatorio. Mediante rinomanometría anterior activa se obtuvieron los valores de presión y flujo, a partir de los cuales se calculó resistencia nasal total (RNT) e índice de resistencia nasal total (IRNT), para las posiciones de decúbito lateral y dorsal. Los resultados muestran que en los roncadores la resistencia nasal total es casi dos veces mayor en las posiciones decúbito lateral y dorsal respecto de la erecta y fluctúa alrededor de uno en los no roncadores. El riesgo relativo estimado (odd ratio) en las posiciones decúbito lateral derecha y dorsal es 4,5 veces mayor y estadísticamente significativa (p< 0,05) en roncadores que presentan IRNT >1,3. En la posición decúbito lateral izquierda el riesgo relativo estimado es 1,96 y no significativo (p> 0,05).