Flow properties of single origin chocolates: Effect of product formulation and particle size.

The objective of this research was to evaluate changes in flow behavior of chocolate during chocolate grinding using a stone grinder as affected by chocolate formulation. Three different types of chocolates were evaluated. Two chocolates without milk added (70% chocolate) and two chocolates with milk added and with different amounts of cocoa nibs (30% chocolate and 14% chocolate) were tested. For the 70% chocolates, nibs of two different origins were used; therefore, a total of four samples were evaluated. Chocolates were processed in a stone grinder, and samples were taken as a function of grinding time. For each timepoint, the flow behavior of the samples was measured using a rotational rheometer and fitted to the Casson model. Particle size was measured using a laser scattering instrument. Results showed that yield stress increased linearly while the Casson plastic viscosity decreased exponentially with grinding time (smaller particles). Particle size distribution of the chocolates showed a prominent bimodal distribution for short grinding times (∼9 h) with small (∼15 µm) and large (∼100 µm) particles; with longer grinding time, the population of larger particles decreased. Yield stress values were higher for the 70% chocolate, but they were not very different between the two milk chocolates tested. The Casson plastic viscosity was greatest for the 70% chocolate, followed by the 30% chocolate. The 14% chocolate had the lowest Casson plastic viscosity. Changes of Casson plastic viscosity with particle size were more evident for the dark chocolates compared to the milk ones. These results are helpful to small chocolate producers who need better understanding of how the formulation and grinding of chocolate affect its flow behavior, which will ultimately affect chocolate handling during production.

Percepções dos tradutores/intérpretes de Libras sobre a inclusão dos discentes surdos no curso de Educação Física da Universidade Federal de Rondônia / Perceptions of Libras translators/interpreters about the inclusion of deaf students in the Physical Education course of the Federal University of Rondônia / Percepciones de los traductores/intérprete Libras sobre la inclusión de estudiantes sordos en el curso de Educación Física de la Universidad Federal de Rondônia

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a inclusão dos discentes surdos na Universidade Federal de Rondônia, na perspectiva dos tradutores/intérpretes de Libras. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como observacional, de natureza qualitativa e com recorte transversal. Participaram oito tradutores/intérpretes de Libras. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário eletrônico do Google Forms. Os resultados revelaram que a falta de preparo/qualificação dos docentes e servidores para atuar com esse público é apontada como uma importante barreira, sendo a comunicação o pior problema. Atividades práticas são mais bem acompanhadas e as atividades teóricas revelam-se desafiadoras, especialmente por conta da tradução/interpretação de determinados termos específicos de cada área (AU).

This research aimed to analyze the inclusion of deaf stu-dents at the Federal University of Rondônia, from the perspective of Libras translators/interpreters. The research was characterized as observational, qualitative, and with a cross-sectional approach. Eight Libras translators/interpreters participated. Data were col-lected using an electronic Google Forms questionnaire. The results revealed that the lack of preparation/qualification of teachers and employees to work with this public is an important barrier, with communication being the worst problem. Practical activities are better monitored, and theoretical activities are challenging, espe-cially due to the translation/interpretation of certain terms specific to each area (AU).

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la inclusión de estudiantes sordos en la Universidad Federal de Rondônia, desde la perspectiva de los traductores/intérpretes de Libras. La investigación se caracterizó por ser de carácter observacional, cualitativa y con enfoque transversal. Participaron ocho traductores/intérpretes Libras. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario electrónico de Google Forms. Los resultados revelaron que la falta de preparación/calificación de docentes y empleados para trabajar con este público se identifica como una barrera importante, siendo la comunicación el peor problema. Las actividades prácticas están mejor supervisadas y las actividades teóricas resultan desafiantes, especialmente debido a la traducción/interpretación de ciertos términos específicos de cada área (AU).

Physical Activity and Sleep in Adults and Older Adults in Southern Brazil.

Good sleep quality is a well-known indicator of physical and mental health, well-being, and overall vitality. This study aimed to verify the association between the practice of physical activity and sleep duration and quality in adults and older adults in southern Brazil. A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out with 820 individuals of both sexes aged 18 years or more, where sociodemographic variables were collected and also health-related variables. This study included 523 (63.8%) women and 297 (36.2%) men, and the prevalence of adequate sleep hours was 41.5% (95%CI: 39.1; 44.9). People who performed leisure walking were 34% more likely to present adequate sleep duration (PR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.10; 1.64) compared to those who did not perform leisure walking. Individuals who met the recommendations for moderate or vigorous physical activity were more likely to have good sleep quality (PR: 1.16; 95%CI: 1.01; 1.34). Future health behavior modification strategies to improve sleep quality at the population level should consider encouraging lifestyle improvements, thus increasing the practice of physical activities.

High prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in university students of a nursing course / Elevada prevalência de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em universitários de enfermagem

Abstract Background The inadequate lifestyle of university students can contribute to the occurrence of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCD). Objective To evaluate the prevalence of NCD risk and prevention factors and verify gender differences for healthy habits among nursing students. Method A cross-sectional study with 974 nursing students. A self-administered questionnaire on health-related life habits was used in the study. Results Of the 974 students, 78.7% were women, 62.6% were between 20-29 years of age, 65.1% consumed alcohol, 57.4% did not do physical activity, and 34.7% were overweight. The women (41.9%) drank more full-fat milk, while the men drank more soft drinks and routinely consumed more meat with fat. The students who did not engage in physical activity smoked more (p<0.01), consumed less fruit (p<0.01), less salad (p<0.01), and less vegetables (p<0.01), and consumed more soft drinks (p=0.03), and meat with fat (p=0.04). In the physically inactive students, a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus (p=0.03) and high cholesterol (p<0.01) was observed. Conclusion The results show a clear profile of NCD risk factors among university students, highlighting the need to implement educational programs to reduce these factors.

Resumo Introdução O estilo de vida inadequado dos universitários pode contribuir para o aparecimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência de fatores de risco e proteção para DCNT e verificar as diferenças de gêneros em hábitos saudáveis de estudantes de enfermagem. Método Estudo transversal com 974 estudantes. Foi utilizado um questionário sobre os hábitos de vida relacionados à saúde. Resultados Dos 974 alunos, 78,7% eram mulheres, 62,6% com idade entre 20-29 anos, 65,1% consumiam álcool, 57,4% não realizavam atividade física (AF), e 34,7% tinham sobrepeso. As mulheres (41,9%) apresentavam maior prevalência no consumo de leite com gordura, e os homens consumiam mais refrigerante e tinham o hábito de comer mais carne com gordura. Os universitários que não realizavam AF fumavam mais (p<0,01), apresentavam consumo baixo de frutas (p<0,01), saladas (p<0,01) e verduras (p<0,01), e consumiam mais refrigerante (p=0,03) e carne com gordura (p=0,04). Observamos que os estudantes fisicamente inativos tinham elevada prevalência para desenvolverem diabetes mellitus (p=0,03) e colesterol elevado (p<0,01). Conclusão Os resultados mostram um perfil elevado de fatores de risco para DCNT entre os universitários, mostrando assim a necessidade de implementar programas educacionais, a fim de reduzir esses fatores.

Intervenções psicológicas necessárias: a prática como residente no serviço de medicina fetal / Necessary psychological interventions: the practice as a resident in the fetal medicine service / Intervenciones psicológicas necesarias: la práctica como residente en el servicio de medicina fetal

Com os avanços tecnológicos e o aprimoramento da prática médica via ultrassonografia, já é possível detectar possíveis problemas no feto desde a gestação. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prática do psicólogo no contexto de gestações que envolvem riscos fetais. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo sob formato de relato de experiência como psicólogo residente no Serviço de Medicina Fetal da Maternidade Escola da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Os registros, feitos por observação participante e diário de campo, foram analisados em dois eixos temáticos: 1) intervenções psicológicas no trabalho em equipe em consulta de pré-natal, exame de ultrassonografia e procedimento de amniocentese; e 2) intervenções psicológicas em casos de bebês incompatíveis com a vida. Os resultados indicaram que o psicólogo nesse serviço é essencial para atuar de forma multiprofissional na assistência pré-natal para gravidezes de alto risco fetal. Ademais, a preceptoria do residente é relevante para sua formação e treinamento para atuação profissional no campo da psicologia perinatal.(AU)

Face to the technological advances and the improvement of medical practice via ultrasound, it is already possible to detect possible problems in the fetus since pregnancy. The objective of this study was to analyze the psychologist's practice in the context of pregnancies which involve fetal risks. It is a qualitative study based on an experience report as a psychologist trainee at the Fetal Medicine Service of the Maternity School of UFRJ. The records, based on the participant observation and field diary, were analyzed in two thematic axes: 1) psychological interventions in the teamwork in the prenatal attendance, ultrasound examination and amniocentesis procedure; and 2) psychological interventions in cases of babies incompatible to the life. The results indicated that the psychologist in this service is essential to work in a multidisciplinary way at the prenatal care for high fetal risk pregnancies. Furthermore, the resident's preceptorship is relevant to their education and training for professional performance in the field of Perinatal Psychology.(AU)

Con los avances tecnológicos y la mejora de la práctica médica a través de la ecografía, ya se puede detectar posibles problemas en el feto desde el embarazo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la práctica del psicólogo en el contexto de embarazos de riesgos fetal. Es un estudio cualitativo basado en un relato de experiencia como residente de psicología en el Servicio de Medicina Fetal de la Escuela de Maternidad de la Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Los registros, realizados en la observación participante y el diario de campo, se analizaron en dos ejes temáticos: 1) intervenciones psicológicas en el trabajo en equipo, en la consulta prenatal, ecografía y los procedimientos de amniocentesis; y 2) intervenciones psicológicas en casos de bebés incompatibles con la vida. Los resultados señalaron como fundamental la presencia del psicólogo en este servicio trabajando de forma multidisciplinar en la atención prenatal en el contexto de embarazos de alto riesgo fetal. Además, la tutela del residente es relevante para su educación y formación para el desempeño profesional en el campo de la Psicología Perinatal.(AU)

Proposition of Cutoff Points for Anthropometric Indicators to Identify High Blood Pressure in Adolescents.

Aim: To propose cutoff points for anthropometric indicators for high blood pressure (HBP) screening in adolescents and to identify, among these indicators, those more accurately for boys and girls. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the city of São José, SC, Brazil with 634 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years. Blood pressure levels were measured using a digital oscillometric sphygmomanometer and adolescents were classified as having HBP or not. Anthropometric indicators were calculated based on anthropometric measurements such as body mass (BM), height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and triceps, subscapularis, suprailiac, and midcalf skinfold thickness (SF). The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) was used to analyze the predictive capacity of anthropometric indicators in the identification of HBP. Results: Higher values of Area Under the Curve (AUC) were for the anthropometric indicators BM (0.67; 95%CI: 0.62-0.72), body mass index (BMI) (0.67; 95%CI: 0.62-0.72), and WC (0.67; 95%CI: 0.62-0.71) for males. For females, no anthropometric indicator had discriminatory power for HBP screening. The cutoff points for the anthropometric indicators with discriminatory power for HBP screening in males were BM > 64.80 Kg, BMI > 21.76 Kg/m2, fat percentage (FP) > 15.75, waist height to ratio (WHtR) > 0.41, WC > 73.00 cm, and HC > 92.25 cm. Conclusion: Anthropometric indicators of body adiposity had greater discriminatory power of HBP screening in males. For females, caution is suggested because the anthropometric indicators showed AUC values (95%CI) below 0.60.

Physical activity and perceived environment among adults from a city in Southern Brazilian.

The article aimed to verify the association between physical activity (PA) and perceived environment among adults from a city in southern Brazil. This is a population-based cross-sectional study with 820 adults living in the city of Criciúma-SC. Perceived environment was assessed using the Neighborhood Environmental Walkability scale and PA in the leisure and transportation domains using the long version of the International PA Questionnaire. It was observed that the neighborhood with public spaces for the practice of physical exercises and dog walking was associated with higher prevalence of compliance with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines. The fact of having an invitation from friends and/or relatives for PA, sporting events and the habit of dog walking were associated with leisure-time walking. Access to places for the purchase of fresh fruits/ vegetables, light/diet foods, to have sidewalks in most streets, to have pedestrian crossings and sporting events in the neighborhood were associated with higher prevalence of active transportation. Conversely, places for snacks or fast food in the neighborhood were associated with lower prevalence of active transportation. The perception of environmental variables was associated with MVPA, walking and active transportation.

Physical activity and perceived environment among adults from a city in Southern Brazilian / Atividade física e percepção do ambiente em adultos de uma cidade do Sul do Brasil

Abstract The article aimed to verify the association between physical activity (PA) and perceived environment among adults from a city in southern Brazil. This is a population-based cross-sectional study with 820 adults living in the city of Criciúma-SC. Perceived environment was assessed using the Neighborhood Environmental Walkability scale and PA in the leisure and transportation domains using the long version of the International PA Questionnaire. It was observed that the neighborhood with public spaces for the practice of physical exercises and dog walking was associated with higher prevalence of compliance with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines. The fact of having an invitation from friends and/or relatives for PA, sporting events and the habit of dog walking were associated with leisure-time walking. Access to places for the purchase of fresh fruits/ vegetables, light/diet foods, to have sidewalks in most streets, to have pedestrian crossings and sporting events in the neighborhood were associated with higher prevalence of active transportation. Conversely, places for snacks or fast food in the neighborhood were associated with lower prevalence of active transportation. The perception of environmental variables was associated with MVPA, walking and active transportation.

Resumo O objetivo foi verificar a associação entre a prática de atividade física (AF) e a percepção do ambiente em adultos de uma cidade do Sul do Brasil. Estudo transversal de base populacional com 820 adultos, residentes na cidade de Criciúma-SC. A percepção do ambiente foi avaliada pela escala Neighborhood Environmental Walkability, e a AF no domínio do lazer e transporte ativo pela versão longa do Questionário Internacional de AF. Observou-se que o bairro com lugar público para a prática de exercícios físicos e o fato de passear com o cachorro estiveram associados a maiores prevalências de atendimento às recomendações de AF moderada à vigorosa (AFMV). O fato de ter convite de amigos e/ou parentes para AF, a realização de eventos esportivos e o hábito de passear com o cachorro estiveram associados à caminhada no lazer. O acesso a locais para aquisição de frutas/legumes frescos, alimentos light/diet, ter calçadas na maioria das ruas, ter faixas de segurança e ter eventos esportivos no bairro estiveram associados a maiores prevalências de deslocamento ativo. De forma contrária, lugares para lanches ou fast-food no bairro se associaram a menor prevalência de deslocamento ativo. A percepção de variáveis do ambiente esteve associada à AFMV, à prática de caminhada e ao transporte ativo.

Association between social capital indicators and depressive symptoms among Brazilian university students.

The study aimed to investigate the association between social capital indicators and depressive symptoms among university students from Brazil. The study drew on a sample of 579 randomly selected university students, from a greater crossnational study conducted in 2018. Students completed a self-administered questionnaire assessing depressive symptoms, indicators of social capital and lifestyle behaviors. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models. Indicators of social capital included trust, group membership and frequency of meeting friends. Four social capital indicators were significantly associated with clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Students who agreed that people are likely to take advantage of one another were more likely to report depressive clinically relevant symptoms (OR: 1.80, 95%CI: 1.00 - 3.23) as well as students who agreed that people are not willing to help in case needed (OR: 2.11, 95%CI: 1.02 - 4.36). Perceived stress, smoking and hazardous alcohol consumption were not associated with clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Social capital plays an important role in explaining depressive symptoms among Brazilian university students. The study suggests that creating trust and enhancing participation in social networks can be an important strategy for promoting mental health among university students investigated in this study.

Association between social capital indicators and depressive symptoms among Brazilian university students / Associação entre indicadores de capital social e sintomas depressivos entre estudantes universitários brasileiros

Abstract The study aimed to investigate the association between social capital indicators and depressive symptoms among university students from Brazil. The study drew on a sample of 579 randomly selected university students, from a greater crossnational study conducted in 2018. Students completed a self-administered questionnaire assessing depressive symptoms, indicators of social capital and lifestyle behaviors. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models. Indicators of social capital included trust, group membership and frequency of meeting friends. Four social capital indicators were significantly associated with clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Students who agreed that people are likely to take advantage of one another were more likely to report depressive clinically relevant symptoms (OR: 1.80, 95%CI: 1.00 - 3.23) as well as students who agreed that people are not willing to help in case needed (OR: 2.11, 95%CI: 1.02 - 4.36). Perceived stress, smoking and hazardous alcohol consumption were not associated with clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Social capital plays an important role in explaining depressive symptoms among Brazilian university students. The study suggests that creating trust and enhancing participation in social networks can be an important strategy for promoting mental health among university students investigated in this study.

Resumo O estudo investigou a associação entre indicadores de capital social e sintomas depressivos entre estudantes universitários do Brasil. Um estudo transversal foi conduzido com uma amostra de 579 estudantes universitários selecionados randomicamente em 2018. Os estudantes completaram questionários auto-administrados para avaliar sintomas depressivos, indicadores de capital social e comportamentos de estilos de vida. Os dados foram analisados usando modelos de regressão logística multivariada. Indicadores de capital social incluíam confiança, associações em grupos, frequência de encontrar com os amigos, entre outros. Quatro indicadores de capital social se associaram significativamente com relevantes sintomas clínicos de depressão. Estudantes que disseram que as pessoas tendem a tirar mais vantagens umas das outras eram mais propensas a relatar sintomas clínicos relevantes de depressão (OR: 1.80, 95%CI: 1.00 - 3.23), assim como estudantes que relataram que as pessoas não estão dispostas a ajudar caso precise de ajuda (OR: 2.11, 95%CI: 1.02 - 4.36). A autopercepção de estresse, o consumo de álcool e o fumo não se associaram aos sintomas clínicos de depressão. O capital social desempenha um papel importante na explicação dos sintomas depressivos entre os universitários brasileiros. O estudo sugere que promover confiança e aumentar a participação nas redes sociais pode ser uma estratégia importante para a promoção da saúde mental entre os universitários investigados neste estudo.

Impacto da microcefalia no vínculo mãe-bebê e suas repercussões para o desenvolvimento infantil / Impact of microcephaly on the mother-child relations and its repercussions on child development / L'impact de la microcéphalie sur les relations mère-enfant et ses répercussions sur le développement de l'enfant / Impacto de la microcefalia en el vínculo madre-bebé y sus repercusiones para el desarrollo infantil

Resumo O vínculo afetivo entre mãe e bebê é fundamental para o desenvolvimento infantil, mas pode sofrer o impacto de uma condição como a microcefalia, decorrente do contágio pelo vírus zika durante a gravidez. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as repercussões da infecção na formação do laço mãe-bebê e seus desfechos para o desenvolvimento infantil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, conduzida com nove mães infectadas pelo vírus zika e seus bebês, dentre os quatro nasceram com microcefalia. Todas as mães foram atendidas no hospital Maternidade Escola da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro e responderam ao questionário de Indicadores de Risco para o Desenvolvimento Infantil, e seus bebês foram avaliados pelo Battelle Developmental Inventory 2nd edition. Observou-se que a relação mãe-bebê apresentou mais indicadores de risco para o desenvolvimento infantil quando o bebê tinha microcefalia.

Abstract Affective mother-child relations are fundamental for child development, which can be impacted by conditions such as microcephaly, due to Zika virus infection during pregnancy. This study sought to analyze the ensuing repercussions on the mother-child relations and its outcomes for child development. A descriptive study was conducted with nine mothers infected by Zika virus and their newborns, four of them born with microcephaly. All mothers were attended at the Maternity School Hospital of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, and answered the Risk Indicators for Child Development. The newborns were evaluated by the Battelle Developmental Inventory 2nd edition. Results show that the mother-child relations presented higher risk for child development when the newborn had microcephaly.

Résumé Les relations affectives mère-enfant sont fondamentale pour le développement de l'enfant et peut être affecté par des conditions telles que la microcéphalie, due à l'infection par le virus Zika pendant la grossesse. Cette étude a chercher à analyser les répercussions qui en découle sur les relations mère-enfant et leurs conséquences sur le développement de l'enfant. Une recherche descriptive a été menée auprès de neuf mères infectées par le virus Zika et de leurs nouveau-nés, dont quatre atteint de microcéphalie. Toutes les mères ont été suivie à la maternité de l'Université fédérale de Rio de Janeiro, et ont répondu aux Indicateurs de risque pour le développement de l'enfant. Les nouveau-nés ont été évalués par le Battelle Developmental Inventory 2nd edition. Les résultats montrent que la relation mère-enfant présentent un risque plus élevé pour le développement de l'enfant lorsque le nouveau-né est atteint de microcéphalie.

Resumen El vínculo afectivo madre-bebé es fundamental para el desarrollo infantil, sin embargo, puede ser impactado por una condición como la microcefalia, que resulta de la infección por el virus Zika durante el embarazo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las repercusiones de este impacto en el vínculo madre-bebé y sus resultados para el desarrollo infantil. Este es un estudio descriptivo realizado con nueve madres infectadas por el virus Zika y sus bebés, cuatro de ellos nacieron con microcefalia. Todas las madres fueron atendidas en el Hospital Maternidade Escola de la Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro y han respondido el cuestionario de Indicadores de Riesgo para el Desarrollo Infantil, y sus bebés fueron evaluados por el Inventario de Depresión de Beck. Se observó que la relación madre-bebé presenta más indicadores de riesgo para el desarrollo del niño cuando el bebé tenía microcefalia.

Lifestyle and risk behaviors for chronic noncommunicable diseases among healthcare undergraduates in Midwest, Brazil.

This study aimed to assess the lifestyle of undergraduate university students, and to investigate the prevalence of risk behaviors for chronic noncommunicable diseases. This cross-sectional study took place in Brasilia, with 2.163 healthcare undergraduates. We used a self-administered questionnaire for demographic variables, social class, behavioral data, self-perception of health and self-reported diseases. Given a total of 2.163 students, 69.3% were female, 65.4% were 20-29 years, men smoked more cigarettes (p < 0.01) and used more alcohol than women. We found significant differences in the consumption of beans (p < 0.04) and full-fat milk (p < 0.01) between females and males. Women also had more sedentary lifestyles (p < 0.01) and showed higher prevalences of overweight (33.8%) and obesity (5.0%). Students who did not engage in physical activity were more morbidities, overweight (p = 0.03), consumed more soft drinks (p < 0.01) and meat with excess fat (p = 0.01). University students were found to have unhealthy lifestyles. There is an urgent need for both a formulation and implementation of public health policies to promote health and improve student quality of life (QoL).

Lifestyle and risk behaviors for chronic noncommunicable diseases among healthcare undergraduates in Midwest, Brazil / Estilo de vida e comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis entre universitários da saúde na região Centro-Oeste, Brasil

Abstract This study aimed to assess the lifestyle of undergraduate university students, and to investigate the prevalence of risk behaviors for chronic noncommunicable diseases. This cross-sectional study took place in Brasilia, with 2.163 healthcare undergraduates. We used a self-administered questionnaire for demographic variables, social class, behavioral data, self-perception of health and self-reported diseases. Given a total of 2.163 students, 69.3% were female, 65.4% were 20-29 years, men smoked more cigarettes (p < 0.01) and used more alcohol than women. We found significant differences in the consumption of beans (p < 0.04) and full-fat milk (p < 0.01) between females and males. Women also had more sedentary lifestyles (p < 0.01) and showed higher prevalences of overweight (33.8%) and obesity (5.0%). Students who did not engage in physical activity were more morbidities, overweight (p = 0.03), consumed more soft drinks (p < 0.01) and meat with excess fat (p = 0.01). University students were found to have unhealthy lifestyles. There is an urgent need for both a formulation and implementation of public health policies to promote health and improve student quality of life (QoL).

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o estilo de vida dos universitários e investigar a prevalência de comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Estudo transversal com 2.163 universitários da área de saúde da cidade de Brasília. Foi aplicado um questionário sobre as variáveis demográficas, classe social, comportamentos e autopercepção de saúde e doenças autorreferidas. Dos 2.163, 69,3% eram mulheres, 65,4% idade entre 20 a 29 anos, 66,8% consumiam álcool e 44,2% não realizavam atividade física. Os homens fumavam (p <0,01) e consumiam mais álcool do que as mulheres. Encontramos diferenças no consumo de feijão (p <0,04) e leite integral (p <0,01) entre homens e mulheres. Elas também apresentaram estilos de vida mais sedentários (p <0,01) e elevada prevalência de sobrepeso (33,8%) e obesidade (5,0%). Os estudantes que não praticavam atividade física tinham mais morbidades, estavam acima do peso (p = 0,03), consumiam mais refrigerantes (p <0,01) e carne com excesso de gordura (p = 0,01). Os estudantes têm adotado um estilo de vida pouco saudável. Observa-se a necessidade da elaboração e implantação de políticas públicas de promoção da saúde dentro da Universidade, com vistas à melhoria da saúde e da qualidade de vida dos universitários.

Health risk behavior of Brazilian university men

The insertion of men in the university environment is a complex and worrying phenomenon permeated by vulnerabilities, which are associated with the adoption of risky behaviors for health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the health behavior of Brazilian university men. A cross-sectional study with 663 men students. The study used a questionnaire on health-related life habits. All the questions were extracted from the Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases through Telephone Interviews. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals and chi-square tests. The analysis of the joint relationships between nutritional status, physical activity and diet was conducted by the multiple correspondence analysis. Of the 663 students, 67.8% were between 20-29 years of age, 69.2% consumed alcohol, 34.5% did not do physical activity, and 34.2% were overweight. The students who did not engage in physical activity smoked more (p=0.05), consumed less fruit (p<0.01), less salad (p<0.01), and consumed full fat milk (p=0.05). In the physically inactive students, a high prevalence of acquiring diabetes mellitus (p<0.01) and high cholesterol (p<0.01) was observed. University students were found to have unhealthy lifestyles. More public policies aimed at promoting preventive measures at universities are needed to encourage healthier health behaviors(AU)

La inserción de los varones en el ámbito universitario es un fenómeno complejo y preocupante permeado por vulnerabilidades, las cuales están asociadas a la adopción de conductas de riesgo para la salud. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el comportamiento de salud de los varones universitarios brasileños. Estudio transversal con 663 varones. El estudio utilizó un cuestionario sobre hábitos de vida relacionados con la salud. Todas las preguntas fueron extraídas de la Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo y Protección de Enfermedades Crónicas mediante entrevistas telefónicas (Vigitel). Se utilizó la regresión logística para estimar los odds ratios (OR) y los intervalos de confianza del 95% and pruebas del test chi-cuadrado. El análisis de las relaciones conjuntas entre estado nutricional, actividad física y dieta se realizó mediante el análisis de correspondencias múltiples. De los 663 varones, el 67,8% tenía entre 20 y 29 años, el 69,2% consumía alcohol, el 34,5% no hacía actividad física y el 34,2% tenía sobrepeso. Los varones que no realizaron actividad física fumaron más (p = 0,05), consumieron menos fruta (p<0,01), menos ensalada (p<0,01) y consumieron leche entera (p = 0,05). En los varones físicamente inactivos, se observó una alta prevalencia de diabetes mellitus (p<0,01) y colesterol alto (p<0,01). Se descubrió que los varones universitarios tenían estilos de vida poco saludables. Se necesitan más políticas públicas orientadas a promover medidas preventivas en las universidades para fomentar comportamientos de salud más saludables(AU)

Perceived self-esteem, resilience and stress of students entering a nursing degree

This study aimed to evaluate perceived self-esteem, resilience and stress of students entering a nursing degree. Cross-sectional study with 122 students (104 women and 18 men) of the firstsemester of a private institution in Distrito Federal. Evaluations were performed in March 2019. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Resilience in Higher Education and Perceived Stress, as well as a socio-economic questionnaire were used. All procedures were carried out using the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and GraphPad Prism 6. The comparison of perceived stress between groups demonstrated that less stressed individuals were younger (19.1 ± 1.9 years old vs 22.5 ± 7.4; p = 0.030)and presented higher resilience scores (147.0 ± 16.3 vs 125.0 ± 22.5; p < 0.001). The comparison of self-esteem tertiles showed that individuals with better self-esteem were more resilient (146.0 ± 17.65 vs 133.85 ± 24.84; p = 0.037). Spearman's correlation demonstrated a negative relation between resilience score and perceived stress (r = -0.415 p = < 0.001). Students had already entered university presenting psychical deficits, such as increased stress and low self-esteem and resilience.

Global, regional, and national trends and patterns in physical activity research since 1950: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: National, regional and global scientific production and research capacity for physical activity - PA may contribute to improving public health PA policies and programs. There is an uneven distribution of research productivity by region and country income group, where countries with the highest burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to physical inactivity having low research productivity. A first step towards improving global research capacity is to objectively quantify patterns, trends, and gaps in PA research. This study describes national, regional and global trends and patterns of PA research from 1950 to 2019. METHODS: A systematic review using searches in PubMed, SCOPUS and ISI Web of Knowledge databases was conducted in August 2017 and updated between January and May 2020. The review was registered at the PROSPERO database number CRD42017070153. PA publications per 100,000 inhabitants per country was the main variable of interest. Descriptive and time-trend analyses were conducted in STATA version 16.0. RESULTS: The search retrieved 555,468 articles of which 75,756 were duplicates, leaving 479,712 eligible articles. After reviewing inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23,860 were eligible for data extraction. Eighty-one percent of countries (n = 176) had at least one PA publication. The overall worldwide publication rate in the PA field was 0.46 articles per 100,000 inhabitants. Europe had the highest rate (1.44 articles per 100,000 inhabitants) and South East Asia had the lowest (0.04 articles per 100,000 inhabitants). A more than a 50-fold difference in publications per 100,000 inhabitants was identified between high and low-income countries. The least productive and poorest regions have rates resembling previous decades of the most productive and the richest. CONCLUSION: This study showed an increasing number of publications over the last 60 years with a growing number of disciplines and research methods over time. However, striking inequities were revealed and the knowledge gap across geographic regions and by country income groups was substantial over time. The need for regular global surveillance of PA research, particularly in countries with the largest data gaps is clear. A focus on the public health impact and global equity of research will be an important contribution to making the world more active.

Bullying, physical activity, and body image among Brazilian students.

To determine the prevalence of bullying in Brazilian schools and analyze its association with physical activity and body image, data were collected from 51.192 students. Boys are more frequently bullied (7.2%) and they also bully more than girls (p ⩽ 0.01). Regarding body image, 26 percent of the girls considered themselves thin or very thin (p ⩽ 0.01). For boys, we observed associations between the variable of being treated well by classmates and race. Bullying was associated to mother's education. The data show the need for cross-sector actions based on educational policies and practices that can reduce and prevent bullying in schools.

Comfort and discomfort during smartphone use on a bed.

BACKGROUND: The number of smartphone users is immense. People can do ever more with a smartphone. Smartphones are used everywhere, including in bed and on the sofa. The awkward postures taken in these situations affect comfort and discomfort. In designing a bed, it might be useful to know which position is comfortable for smartphone use on a bed. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to define the most comfortable trunk angle for smartphone use on a bed. METHODS: To study comfort and discomfort, 52 participants were asked to use the smartphone on a bed. The trunk angle of this bed was adjusted to 6 positions from flat to upright and for each angle the comfort and discomfort was recorded. RESULTS: The results showed that the participants prefer a trunk angle range around 120 and 142 degrees. At the best trunk angle 29% of the participants felt comfort in the legs, 25% in the upper back and 16% in the shoulders. However, in this position 36% also mentioned discomfort in the lower back and 24 % in the neck. CONCLUSIONS: For smartphone use a bed is preferable which enables a trunk angle of around 120-140 degrees. For the legs this is comfortable. However, for the neck and upper back the problem of discomfort still needs attention.

Perfil alimentar e inatividade física em mulheres universitárias na cidade de Brasília / Perfil alimentario y la inactividad física en mujeres universitarias de la ciudad de Brasilia / Food profile and physical inactivity in university women in the city of Brasília

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a associação entre perfil alimentar, atividade física e estado nutricional entre mulheres universitárias. Método Estudo transversal com 1500 mulheres. O questionário abordava questões sobre a vigilância de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas. As associações foram analisadas pelo teste qui-quadrado e análise de correspondência múltipla. Resultados Das 1500 mulheres, 64,3% tinham entre 20 e 29 anos. Aquelas fisicamente ativas consumiram mais frutas (p<0,01), salada (p<0,01) e vegetais/verduras (p<0,01), enquanto as fisicamente inativas consumiram mais refrigerantes (p<0,01), carne com gordura visível (p=0,03) e leite com gordura (p=0,04). As mulheres fisicamente inativas também apresentaram maior prevalência de diabetes mellitus (p<0,01), colesterol elevado (p<0,01) e dislipidemia (p=0,04). Conclusão e implicação para a prática As universitárias apresentaram comportamentos de risco a sua saúde, onde o consumo de álcool, baixo consumo de alimentos saudáveis ​​e a alta prevalência de inatividade física contribuíram para o aumento dos fatores de risco para doenças crônicas. Ações preventivas com a participação de uma equipe multidisciplinar ajudará na melhora da saúde no ambiente acadêmico.

Resumen Objetivo Analisar la asociación entre el perfil alimentario, la actividad física y el estado nutricional en mujeres universitarias. Método Estudio transversal con 1500 mujeres. El cuestionario abordó preguntas sobre la vigilancia de factores de riesgo y protección para las enfermedades crónicas. Las asociaciones se analizaron mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado y análisis de correspondencia múltiple. Resultados De las 1500 mujeres, el 64,3% tenía entre 20 y 29 años. Las físicamente activas consumieron más frutas (p<0,01), ensalada (p<0,01) y verduras (p<0,01), mientras que las físicamente inactivas consumieron más refrescos (p<0,01), carne con grasa visible (p=0,03) y leche con grasa (p=0,04). Las mujeres físicamente inactivas también tenían una mayor prevalencia de diabetes mellitus (p<0,01), colesterol alto (p<0,01) y dislipidemia (p=0,04). Conclusión e implicación para la práctica Las estudiantes universitarias mostraron conductas de riesgo para su salud, donde el consumo de alcohol, el bajo consumo de alimentos saludables y la alta prevalencia de inactividad física contribuyeron al aumento de los factores de riesgo para las enfermedades crónicas. Las acciones preventivas con la participación de un equipo multidisciplinario ayudarán a mejorar la salud en el entorno académico.

Abstract Objective To analyze the association between the food profile, physical activity and weight status among university women. Method This cross-sectional study, included 1.500 Brazilian women. We used a self-administered questionnaire. All questions were obtained from the surveillance of risk and protection factors for chronic diseases survey through telephone interviews. The association was analyzed using chi-square tests and multiple correspondence analysis. Results The sample included 1.500 college women, 64.3% aged 20-29 years. Physically active participants consumed more fruit (p<0.01), salad (p<0.01) and vegetables/greens (p<0.01), whereas physically inactive participants consumed more soft drinks (p<0.01), meat with visible fat (p=0.03) and full fat milk (p=0.04). Physically inactive women also had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (p<0.01), high cholesterol (p<0.01) and dyslipidemia (p=0.04). Conclusion and implication for practice The students showed behaviors that put their health at risk, where alcohol consumption, low consumption of healthy foods and high prevalence of physical inactivity contributed to an increase in risk factors for chronic diseases. Preventive actions with the participation of a multidisciplinary team will help to improve health in the academic environment.