Analysis of the histomorphologic profile of invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma from 2002 to 2011 in a pathology laboratory in the region of Campos Gerais, Brazil.

Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common type of malignant skin cancer. It is also quite aggressive. The increasing incidence of the disease can be altered given its connection with sun exposure. The aim of this study was to establish the clinical and histomorphological profile of squamous cell carcinoma in the region of Campos Gerais, State of Paraná, Brazil and analyze and compare the features of the disease found in the literature. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study in a pathology laboratory with selected invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma reports issued after excisional biopsy from January 2002 to December 2011. We selected 374 cases of head and neck SCC, mean age 71.53 years, with a predominance of male patients, moderate degree of histological differentiation, Clark level IV, and absence of perineural, neural, or angiolymphatic invasions. Our results differ on some points from those found in the literature.

Experimental model for the study of retrograde flow.

BACKGROUND: Venous arterialization has been adopted as a strategy for salvage of limbs in critical ischemia without the distal arterial bed, with successful outcomes, but the mechanisms by which irrigation of the extremities takes place are still unknown. OBJECTIVES: To develop an experimental model to test hypotheses that could explain the mechanisms of blood supply in venous arterialization. METHODS: Eleven pigs underwent a period of hind limb ischemia followed by reperfusion achieved by venous arterialization, after interposition of conduits filled with 10 ml (5 animals - group 1) or 1 ml (6 animals - group 2) of China Ink. After euthanasia, the limbs were amputated and underwent histological analysis. RESULTS: Under optical microscopy, ink staining was observed in the arteriolar lumen of six (55%) of the eleven pigs used in the experiment; four (80%) out of five from group 1 and two (33%) out of six from group 2. CONCLUSIONS: The experimental model was capable of testing the hypothesis. The presence of China Ink in the arteriolar lumen shows that it is possible to supply the arterial vessels by means of venous arterialization.

CONTEXTO: A arterialização venosa tem sido adotada com bons resultados como estratégia para salvar membros em isquemia crítica sem leito arterial distal. No entanto, os mecanismos pelos quais a irrigação das extremidades ocorre permanecem desconhecidos. OBJETIVOS: Desenvolver um modelo experimental para testar hipóteses que podem explicar os mecanismos de nutrição em arterialização venosa. MÉTODOS: Onze porcos foram submetidos a um período de isquemia seguida de reperfusão do membro posterior, realizada por arterialização venosa, com interposição de condutos preenchidos com 10 mL (cinco animais - grupo 1) e 1 mL (seis animais - grupo 2) de tinta da China. Após a eutanásia, os membros foram amputados e submetidos a análise histológica. RESULTADOS: Na microscopia óptica, o pigmento foi encontrado no lúmen de arteríolas de seis (55%) dos 11 porcos utilizados no experimento; quatro (80%) de cinco animais eram do grupo 1 e dois (33%) de seis animais eram do grupo 2. CONCLUSÕES: O modelo experimental utilizado foi capaz de testar a hipótese. A presença de tinta da China no lúmen arteriolar mostra que é possível alcançar o vaso arterial por meio de arterialização venosa.