The determining role of nanoscale mechanical twinning on cellular functions of nanostructured materials.

Considering that micromotions generated at the bone-implant interface under physiological loading introduce mechanical strain on the tissue and surface of the implant and that strain can be introduced during processing of the biomedical device, we elucidate here the interplay between mechanically-induced nanoscale twinning in austenitic stainless steel on osteoblast functions. Mechanically-induced nanoscale twinning significantly impacted cell attachment, cell-substrate interactions, proliferation, and subsequent synthesis of prominent proteins (fibronectin, actin, and vinculin). Twinning was beneficial in favorably modulating cellular activity and contributed to small differences in hydrophilicity and nanoscale roughness in relation to the untwinned surface.

Genomic Resources Notes Accepted 1 June 2015-31 July 2015.

This article documents the public availability of (i) microbiomes in diet and gut of larvae from the dipteran Dilophus febrilis using massive parallel sequencing, (ii) SNP and SSR discovery and characterization in the transcriptome of the Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus, L) and (iii) assembled transcriptome for an endangered, endemic Iberian cyprinid fish (Squalius pyrenaicus).

Intervenciones de enfermería en la toma de electrocardiograma, círculo torácico y medrano / Nursing interventions in making electrocardiogram, thoracic circle and Medrano", "_i": "

Aun después del advenimiento de métodos innovadores de mapeo electrocardiográfico tridimensional, el electrocardiograma conserva su significado central en el diagnóstico cardiológico y continúa vigente para orientar el tratamiento de los pacientes cardiópatas. El electrocardiograma ya sea de 12 derivaciones, círculo torácico o Medrano, refleja la actividad eléctrica del corazón y por lo tanto brinda información acerca de la función cardiaca, se imprime sobre un papel cuadriculado de modo que se obtiene un registro continuado de la actividad cardiaca. En la práctica diaria, el profesional de enfermería representa una parte fundamental en la detección oportuna de enfermedades o complicaciones de las mismas, por lo tanto la correcta toma del electrocardiograma es indispensable para obtener un registro de calidad que contribuya con el tratamiento de un paciente y por ende con el mejoramiento de su salud.

Even after the advent of innovative methods for mapping three-dimensional, electrocardiogram its central significance in the cardiological diagnosis and remains in force to guide the treatment of cardiac patients. The electrocardiogram either 12 leads, chest circle or Medrano, reflects the electrical activity of the heart and therefore provides information on cardiac function, is printed on graph paper so that a continuous recording of cardiac activity is obtained. In daily practice, the nurse is a fundamental part in the early detection of diseases or complications thereof therefore correct decision electrocardiogram is essential to obtain a record of quality that contribute to the treatment of a patient and thus to improving your health.

[Use of self-expandable prosthesis in esophageal stenosis in children]. / Uso de prótesis autoexpandibles en estenosis esofágicas en niños.

OBJECTIVE: Caustic or peptic esophageal strictures in children are the main cause of multiple dilations, which involve an important anesthetic risk and esophageal trauma. The placement of an esophageal stent can be an advance in the treatment of these patients. The objective of our work is to analiyze the efficacy of self-expanding stents for the treatment of esophageal strictures in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three patients with esophageal strictures, one due to caustic and two to peptic esophageal injuries have been treated with esophageal stents. Metal stent covered with nitinol has been used in the first patient, and biodegradable material stent in the rest. RESULTS: After a year of serial dilations, we placed two consecutive metal stents in one patient with caustic stricture. After its withdrawal, new dilations have been needed, but with longer asymptomatic period. The other two patients had peptic strictures; biodegradable stents were placed after months of serial dilations, before performing antireflux surgery. None of them needed further dilation. CONCLUSIONS: Esophageal stent placement has solved the problem without further dilation in peptic esophageal strictures. Asymptomatic period was significantly increased in caustic stricture. The results obtained with self-expanding stents are promising.

SP110 as a novel susceptibility gene for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in cattle.

The intracellular pathogen resistance 1 (Ipr1) gene has been reported to play a role in mediating innate immunity in a mouse model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and polymorphisms of its human ortholog, SP110 nuclear body protein, have been suggested to be associated with tuberculosis. Thus, the bovine SP110 gene was considered to be a promising candidate for a genetic association study of bovine paratuberculosis, or Johne's disease, a chronic granulomatous enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Initially, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within the bovine SP110 gene were identified, and subsequently a population-based genetic association study was carried out. Seventeen new SNP along the SP110 gene were identified in Holstein-Friesian cattle, and 6 more were compiled from public databases. A total of 14 SNP were included in the association study of 2 independent populations. The SNP c.587A>G was found to be significantly associated with MAP infection, with the major allele A appearing to confer greater disease susceptibility in one of the analyzed populations. In addition, 2 haplotypes containing this SNP were also found to be associated with infection in the same population. The SNP c.587A>G is a nonsynonymous mutation that causes an amino acid change in codon 196 from asparagine to serine. In silico analyses point to SNP c.587A>G as a putative causal variant for susceptibility to MAP infection. The elucidation of the precise mechanism by which this SNP can exert its effect in the protein and, as a result, in the risk of infection, requires future functional analyses. Likewise, the absence of genetic association in one of the analyzed populations renders it necessary to carry out this study in other independent populations, with the aim of substantiating the repeatability of the present results. Nevertheless, the present results deepen our understanding of the genetic basis of susceptibility and resistance mechanisms related to MAP infection in cattle and, in turn, constitute a step forward toward the implementation of marker-assisted selection in breeding programs aimed at controlling paratuberculosis.

Tratamiento de úlcera por presión grado IV con cierre asistido por vacío / Vaccum-Assisted IV-Degree Pressure Sore Treatment

Las úlceras por presión son lesiones producidas por la tensión que se sufre al permanecer largos períodos sobre la piel en una sola posición, este tipo de heridas representa un importante problema asistencial por el impacto sobre la salud y la calidad de vida. La prevención y tratamiento de estas úlceras involucra al personal de enfermería, médicos y cirujanos, así como familiares y principalmente al paciente para su cooperación durante su recuperación. Actualmente, para el tratamiento de las úlceras grado III y IV se utiliza el cierre asistido por vacío el cual es un sistema que favorece la cicatrización de las heridas. Este artículo describe el caso de un paciente que presenta una úlcera por presión Grado IV, permanece con sistema VAC durante 12 semanas hasta la programación para cierre quirúrgico, el cual se decide al encontrarse en condiciones clínicas favorables. La terapia asistida por vacío ha mostrado su eficacia permitiendo acelerar el proceso de formación de tejido de granulación y disminuir en forma importante el tamaño de la lesión, además de convertirse en una herida cerrada y controlada evita la presencia de infección, permitió egresar tempranamente al paciente ya que se utilizó un sistema portátil con lo que se logró que regresara a sus actividades cotidianas.

The ulcers by pressure are injuries produced by tension on the skin remaining long periods in a single position; this wounds represents an important problem by the impact on the health and the quality of life. The prevention and treatment of these ulcers involve nurses, doctors and surgeons, family and the patient's cooperation during its recovery. At the moment, for the treatment of the ulcers degree III and IV the Vacuum Assisted Closure (VAC) is used like a system that favors the healing of the wounds. This article describes the case of a patient who had an ulcer by pressure degree IV, with system VAC, during 12 weeks until before that the surgical closing, when he was in favorable clinical conditions. The VAC show its effectiveness accelerating the process of granulation, with important diminish the size of the injury, besides to close the wound, its control and avoid infection, allowed to withdraw early to the patient since a portable system was used with which it was obtained that it returned to his daily activities.

[Giant subarachnoid cysts due to neurocysticercosis: two cases reported fro a rural area in Extremadura]. / Quistes subaracnoideos gigantes por neurocisticercosis: a propósito de dos casos observados en un área rural de Extremadura.

INTRODUCTION: Neurocysticercosis is the commonest cerebral parasitosis. The most recent cases reported in Spain have occurred in patients from endemic countries. The formation of giant subarachnoid cysts (GSC) is an uncommon complication of neurocysticercosis and its treatment is the subject of debate. We report two cases seen recently in the Valle del Jerte, a rural district in Extremadura. CLINICAL CASES: Case 1. A 64 year old man had had complex partial crises (CPC) since 1985. In 1987 he was diagnosed as having neurocysticercosis with parenchymatous cysts and treated with praziquantel. In 1996, on CAT and MR a left frontal GSC was diagnosed and also two parenchymatous active cysts. The cyst was removed surgically and he was subsequently treated with albendazol. Case 2. A 72 year old man had generalized crises and CPC since 1970. In 1987 and 1991 on CAT and MR several parenchymatous lesions compatible with neurocysticercosis were seen. In 1997 he presented with headache and subacute cognitive impairment. On CAT and MR a left temporal GSC was seen with several active parenchymatous lesions. The patient was treated with albendazol and dexamethasone. Both patients improved, although radiological resolution of the GSC in case 2 took a year. CONCLUSIONS: Neurocysticercosis is a condition still present in Spain. GSC respond to treatment with albendazol, whilst surgical treatment is the best option when severe intracranial hypertension occurs.

Defectos congénitos de antitrombina III y proteínas S y C durante el embarazo / Congenital defects of antithrombin III and proteins C and S during pregnancy: report of ten cases

We report 10 patients with congenital deficiencies of the natural anticoagulant proteins S, C and antithrombin III. Thirteen of a total of 30 pregnancies were managed at the perinatal branch of our department. We discuss the mechanism of action of these proteins and their role in thrombotic events. We analyze the most frequent thrombotic complications and we discuss the general guidelines for the investigation of a patient with a suspected congenital thrombophilia with special regard to its management during pregnancy, delivery and perinatal outcome

Spigelian hernias: a new repair technique using preshaped polypropylene umbrella plugs.

The spigelian hernia is a rare kind of abdominal wall defect that has been treated using a variety of techniques. Recently, we encountered 6 patients with spigelian hernias in whom we have used a new modality consisting of the tension-free occlusion of the hernia ring with a preshaped polypropylene umbrella-type plug. The follow-up was more than 1 year without evidence of recurrence. This technique simplifies the repair and has the advantage of producing minimal postoperative pain and disability.

pH of multipurpose contact lens solutions over time.

The pH of nine different brands of multipurpose contact lens solutions available in Spain was determined over a period of 32 days after opening the bottles. Five bottles of nine solutions were used, each of which was buffered and obtained from different manufacturers. The pH measurements were taken using a micropH 2002 Crison pH-meter (accuracy +/- 0.001 pH units). Each solution was measured three times daily over the test period using 10-ml samples taken from the same container. Fluctuations in pH over time were observed but these were within the range of ocular comfort. The average pH of all the solutions tested proved to be between 6.99 and 7.56.

Comparative study of pH for different saline and multi-purpose contact lens solutions.

In this study, we determined the pH of different saline and multipurpose contact lens solutions available on the Spanish market. We examined 10 samples of 14 solutions, seven of which are saline solutions and seven multipurpose ones, from different manufacturers. Both types of solution were found to have significant variations in pH, with values ranging from 6.70 to 7.57 for the saline solutions and 6.84 to 7.63 for the multipurpose solutions. We concluded that the solutions should not affect the ocular physiological performance because their pH values are within the buffering capacity of the eye.

La reacción de Arias-Stella: análisis clínico y anatomopatológico de 37 casos / The Arias-Stella reaction: clinical and anatomopathological analysis

Se presentan 37 casos de pacientes portadoras de reacción de Arias-Stella, diagnosticados en el Hospital Clínico Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Se discuten las caraterísticas anatomopatólogicas que los definen y las condiciones clínicas en las que se presenta con especial énfasis en su diagnóstico diferencial

Artritis de Takayasu y embarazo / Takayasu's arteritis and pregnancy

La enfermedad de Takayasu es una enfermedad granulomatosa crónica de etiología desconocida que se caracteriza por arteritis y obstrucción secundaria de la aorta y sus grandes ramas. Se presenta predominantemente en mujeres en edad fértil por lo que su asociación con embarazo se ve ocasionalmente. Durante su fase aguda constituye un difícil diagnóstico diferencial de todo cuadro febril prolongado con compromiso del estado general, VHS elevada e hipergamagiobulinemia, destacando en su fase tardía los síntomas y signos derivados de insuficiencia vascular. Su asociación con el embarazo es de gran relevancia por cuanto se ha asociado a hipertensión arterial, insuficiencia cardíaca, retardo de­ crecimiento intrauterino y parto prematuro. Se presenta un estudio retrospectivo de 7 embarazos manejados en la unidad de medicina perinatal de la Universidad Católica de Chile entre los años 1985-1995. Se analiza la morbilidad materna y el resultado perinatal