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1.
Clin Cardiol ; 47(10): e70024, 2024 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39344374

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Previous research highlighted variability in electrocardiogram (ECG) readings across patient positions, particularly in the context of COVID-19 patients with pulmonary complications requiring prone positioning as part of the treatment. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to elucidate the effects of prone positioning on ECG parameters and explore its association with the severity of COVID-19. METHODS: A prospective cohort study involved 60 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and presenting pulmonary complications. ECGs were recorded in both supine and prone positions, and analyzed for various parameters including heart rate, QRS axis, and QTc interval. Clinical severity was assessed using APACHE II scores and SpO2/FiO2 ratios. RESULTS: Prone positioning led to an increase in heart rate (mean difference: 2.100, 95% CI: 0.471-3.729, p = 0.012), with minor shifts in the QRS axis. Heart rate and QRS axis demonstrated strong positive correlations between positions, with Pearson's correlation coefficients of 0.927 and 0.894, respectively. The study also found a significant association between prolonged QTc intervals in the prone position and elevated APACHE II scores, with a relative risk of 10.75 (95% CI: 1.82-63.64, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The prone positioning caused minor yet significant changes in heart rate and QRS axis. The correlation of prolonged QTc intervals in the prone position with higher APACHE II scores suggests the prognostic relevance of prone ECG in COVID-19 patients. However, further research is needed to fully understand the clinical implications and mechanisms of these findings.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Eletrocardiografia , Frequência Cardíaca , Posicionamento do Paciente , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/complicações , COVID-19/fisiopatologia , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Decúbito Ventral , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Prospectivos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Idoso , Decúbito Dorsal , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
2.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 18762, 2023 10 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37907584

RESUMO

Several vaccine programs were introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, which included inactivated virus, DNA viral vectors and mRNA vaccines. Booster programs are recommended, especially for those in high-risk groups. However, many of these booster programs involve heterologous vaccines. This study enrolled volunteers who first received two full-dose CoronaVac vaccinations before receiving heterologous boosters with DNA- and/or mRNA-vaccines for an additional 2 doses (n = 40) or an additional 3 doses (n = 16). Our results showed no difference in side effects, neutralizing antibodies, or T-cell responses for any of the heterologous vaccination programs. However, the neutralizing capacity and IFN-γ responses against the Omicron variant in volunteers who received 4 or 5 doses were improved. Polarization of peripheral memory T cells after stimulation in all booster groups with Omicron peptide showed an increased trend of naïve and central memory phenotypes of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, suggesting that exposure to Omicron antigens will drive T cells into a lymphoid resident T cell phenotype. Our data support a continuous vaccination program to maximize the effectiveness of immunity, especially in people at high risk. Furthermore, the number of boosting doses is important for maintaining immunity.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Imunidade , Anticorpos Antivirais , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados
3.
Virol J ; 20(1): 277, 2023 Nov 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38017515

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In a randomized trial, Lianhuaqingwen (LHQW) capsule was effective for accelerating symptom recovery among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the lack of blinding and limited sample sizes decreased the level of clinical evidence. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of LHQW capsule in adults with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. METHODS: We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial in adults with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 (17 sites from China, Thailand, Philippine and Vietnam). Patients received standard-of-care alone or plus LHQW capsules (4 capsules, thrice daily) for 14 days. The primary endpoint was the median time to sustained clinical improvement or resolution of nine major symptoms. RESULTS: The full-analysis set consisted of 410 patients in LHQW capsules and 405 in placebo group. LHQW significantly shortened the primary endpoint in the full-analysis set (4.0 vs. 6.7 days, hazards ratio: 1.63, 95% confidence interval: 1.39-1.90). LHQW capsules shortened the median time to sustained clinical improvement or resolution of stuffy or runny nose (2.8 vs. 3.7 days), sore throat (2.0 vs. 2.6 days), cough (3.2 vs. 4.9 days), feeling hot or feverish (1.0 vs. 1.3 days), low energy or tiredness (1.3 vs. 1.9 days), and myalgia (1.5 vs. 2.0 days). The duration to sustained clinical improvement or resolution of shortness of breath, headache, and chills or shivering did not differ significantly between the two groups. Safety was comparable between the two groups. No serious adverse events were reported. INTERPRETATION: LHQW capsules promote recovery of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 via accelerating symptom resolution and were well tolerated. Trial registration ChiCTR2200056727 .


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Adulto , Humanos , Método Duplo-Cego , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento
4.
J Thorac Dis ; 15(5): 2859-2872, 2023 May 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37324081

RESUMO

Background: Effective anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) drugs are not only the next defense after vaccines but also the key part of establishing a multi-tiered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention and control system. Previous studies had indicated that Lianhua Qingwen (LHQW) capsules could be an efficacious Chinese patent drug for treating mild to moderate COVID-19. However, pharmacoeconomic evaluations are lacking, and few trials have been conducted in other countries or regions to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LHQW treatment. So, this study aims to explore the clinical efficacy, safety, and economy of LHQW for treating adult patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. Methods: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international multicenter clinical trial protocol. A total of 860 eligible subjects are randomized at a 1:1 ratio into the LHQW or placebo group to receive two-week treatment and follow-up visits on days 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14. Clinical symptoms, patient compliance, adverse effects, cost scale, and other indicators are recorded. The primary outcomes will be the measured median time to sustained improvement or resolution of the nine major symptoms during the 14-day observation period. Secondary outcomes regarding clinical efficacy will be evaluated in detail on the basis of clinical symptoms (especially body temperature, gastrointestinal symptoms, smell loss, and taste loss), viral nucleic acid, imaging (CT/chest X-ray), the incidence of severe/critical illness, mortality, and inflammatory factors. Moreover, we will assess health care cost, health utility, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for economic evaluation. Discussion: This is the first international multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Chinese patent medicine for the treatment of early COVID-19 in accordance with WHO guidelines on COVID-19 management. This study will help clarify the potential efficacy and cost-effectiveness of LHQW in the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19, facilitating decision-making by healthcare workers. Registration: This study is registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, with registration number: ChiCTR2200056727 (date of first registration: 11/02/2022).

5.
Int J Infect Dis ; 119: 214-216, 2022 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35367355

RESUMO

Most of the adverse effects reported in patients who have received COVID-19 vaccines have been mild. However, possible serious adverse effects are being monitored cautiously. There have also been a number of case reports of reactivation of varicella zoster infection within 28 days after immunization with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. A few cases have also been reported after viral vector and inactivated COVID-19 vaccination. The incidence of meningitis following varicella zoster virus infection is rare. In the current study, we report two cases of male patients who received two different types of COVID-19 vaccine (inactivated and viral vector) and developed varicella zoster meningitis within 10 days after vaccination.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Varicela , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Herpes Zoster , Meningite , Vacinas contra COVID-19/efeitos adversos , Varicela/prevenção & controle , Vacina contra Varicela/efeitos adversos , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/etiologia , Herpes Zoster/diagnóstico , Herpes Zoster/epidemiologia , Herpes Zoster/etiologia , Herpesvirus Humano 3 , Humanos , Masculino , Meningite/etiologia , Vacinação/efeitos adversos
6.
Clin Infect Dis ; 73(11): e3627-e3633, 2021 12 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32725199

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Treatment of melioidosis comprises intravenous drugs for at least 10 days, followed by oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for 12 to 20 weeks. Oral TMP-SMX is recommended for 12 weeks in Australia and 20 weeks in Thailand. METHODS: For this open-label, pragmatic, multicenter, noninferiority, randomized controlled trial, we enrolled patients with culture-confirmed melioidosis who had received oral eradication treatment for 12 weeks and had no clinical evidence of active melioidosis. We randomly assigned patients to stop treatment (12-week regimen) or continue treatment for another 8 weeks (20-week regimen). The primary end point was culture-confirmed recurrent melioidosis within 1 year after enrollment. The noninferiority margin was a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.0. The secondary composite end point, combining overall recurrent melioidosis and mortality, was assessed post hoc. RESULTS: We enrolled 658 patients: 322 to the 12-week regimen and 336 to the 20-week regimen. There were 5 patients (2%) in the 12-week regimen and 2 patients (1%) in the 20-week regimen who developed culture-confirmed recurrent melioidosis (HR, 2.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], .52-13.69). The criterion for noninferiority of the primary event was not met (1-sided P = .37). However, all-cause mortality was significantly lower in the 12-week regimen group than in the 20-week regimen group (1 [.3%] vs 11 [3%], respectively; HR, 0.10; 95% CI, .01-.74). The criterion for noninferiority of the secondary composite end point, combining overall recurrent melioidosis and mortality, was met (1-sided P = .022). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the lower total mortality and noninferiority of the secondary composite end point observed, we recommend the 12-week regimen of TMP-SMX for oral eradication treatment of melioidosis. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT01420341.


Assuntos
Melioidose , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol , Administração Oral , Austrália , Humanos , Melioidose/tratamento farmacológico , Tailândia , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/uso terapêutico
7.
Clin Infect Dis ; 71(1): 53-62, 2020 06 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31429907

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The natural history of anti-interferon-γ (IFN-γ) autoantibody-associated immunodeficiency syndrome is not well understood. METHODS: Data of 74 patients with anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies at Srinagarind Hospital, Thailand, were collected annually (median follow-up duration, 7.5 years). Annual data for 19 patients and initial data for 4 patients with anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies at the US National Institutes of Health were collected (median follow-up duration, 4.5 years). Anti-IFN-γ autoantibody levels were measured in plasma samples. RESULTS: Ninety-one percent of US patients were of Southeast Asian descent; there was a stronger female predominance (91%) in US than Thai (64%) patients. Mycobacterium abscessus (34%) and Mycobacterium avium complex (83%) were the most common nontuberculous mycobacteria in Thailand and the United States, respectively. Skin infections were more common in Thailand (P = .001), whereas bone (P < .0001), lung (P = .002), and central nervous system (P = .03) infections were more common in the United States. Twenty-four percent of Thai patients died, most from infections. None of the 19 US patients with follow-up data died. Anti-IFN-γ autoantibody levels decreased over time in Thailand (P < .001) and the United States (P = .017), with either cyclophosphamide (P = .01) or rituximab therapy (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies in Thailand and the United States had distinct demographic and clinical features. While titers generally decreased with time, anti-IFN-γ autoantibody disease had a chronic clinical course with persistent infections and death. Close long-term surveillance for new infections is recommended.


Assuntos
Síndromes de Imunodeficiência , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas , Mycobacterium abscessus , Autoanticorpos , Feminino , Humanos , Tailândia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
8.
J Antimicrob Chemother ; 72(8): 2368-2377, 2017 08 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28459966

RESUMO

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of anidulafungin for the treatment of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis in a large dataset, including patients with deep-seated tissue candidiasis, neutropenia and infection due to non- albicans Candida species. Methods: Data were pooled from six prospective, multicentre, multinational studies: four open-label, non-comparative studies of anidulafungin and two double-blind, double-dummy, randomized studies of anidulafungin versus caspofungin (clinical trial registrations: NCT00496197, NCT00548262, NCT00537329, NCT00689338, NCT00806351 and NCT00805740; ClinicalTrials.gov). In all studies, patients with culture-confirmed invasive candidiasis received a single intravenous (iv) loading dose of anidulafungin 200 mg on day 1, followed by 100 mg once-daily. Switch to oral fluconazole or voriconazole was permitted after 5-10 days of iv treatment in all studies except one. Antifungal treatment (iv plus oral therapy if applicable) was maintained for ≥14 days after the last positive Candida culture. The primary endpoint was successful global response at end of iv therapy (EOivT) in the modified ITT (mITT) population. Results: In total, 539 patients were included (mITT population). The most common baseline Candida species were Candida albicans (47.9%), Candida glabrata (21.0%), Candida tropicalis (13.7%), Candida parapsilosis (13.2%) and Candida krusei (3.5%). Median duration of anidulafungin iv treatment was 10.0 days. The global response success rate at EOivT was 76.4% (95% CI 72.9%-80.0%). All-cause mortality was 13.0% on day 14 and 19.1% on day 28. Adverse events (AEs) were consistent with the known AE profile for anidulafungin. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that anidulafungin is effective for treatment of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis in a broad patient population.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Candidíase Invasiva/tratamento farmacológico , Equinocandinas/administração & dosagem , Administração Intravenosa , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anidulafungina , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
9.
HIV Clin Trials ; 17(1): 12-6, 2016 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26739573

RESUMO

Rilpivirine (RPV) is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, which has better lipid profiles than efavirenz (EFV) in treatment naïve patients. However, the data on treatment experience are limited especially in dyslipidemic HIV patients; thus, we aimed to assess the change of lipid profiles after switching from EFV to RPV in these patients. In this prospective, open-label, cohort study, we enrolled HIV-1 infected adults who had received at least 6 months of EFV-based regimen, with HIV RNA <50 copies/mL for ≥6 months prior to switching. The objectives of this study were to analyze lipid changes and to evaluate the efficacy, safety, tolerability at 24 weeks after switching therapy. Fifty-three patients were enrolled and completed the study. At week 24, a significant decrease in the mean (95% confident interval, CI) total cholesterol (-28.06 mg/dL, 95%CI -35.20 to -20.91, p < 0.0001), LDL-cholesterol (-20.96 mg/dL, 95%CI -28.12 to -13.80, p < 0.0001), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (-5.11 mg/dL, 95%CI -7.79 to -2.44, p < 0.0001), and triglyceride (-29.79 mg/dL. 95%CI -52.39 to -7.19, p = 0.011) levels were observed. One patient had virologic rebound with HIV RNA of 114 copies/mL at week 24. Three (5.7%) patients had grade 2 elevations of liver enzymes. None of the patients discontinued RPV during the study. Switching from EFV-based therapy to RPV-based regimen improved lipid profiles in fully suppressed HIV patients with dyslipidemia. This treatment should be considered in these patients.


Assuntos
Benzoxazinas/efeitos adversos , Dislipidemias/induzido quimicamente , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Lipídeos/sangue , Rilpivirina/efeitos adversos , Alcinos , Benzoxazinas/uso terapêutico , Estudos de Coortes , Ciclopropanos , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , RNA Viral/sangue , Rilpivirina/uso terapêutico
10.
Pharmacogenet Genomics ; 25(8): 402-11, 2015 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26086150

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Co-trimoxazole is a sulfonamide-containing antibiotic that is effective in the treatment of several infections and for prophylaxis of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. This drug has been reported as a common culprit drug for the Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and for toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) play a key role in the immunopathogenesis of severe cutaneous reactions induced by several drugs. This study investigated the association between the HLA class I and HLA-DRB1 polymorphisms and co-trimoxazole-induced SJS/TEN in a Thai population. METHODS: Forty-three patients with co-trimoxazole-induced SJS/TEN and 91 co-trimoxazole-tolerant patients were enrolled in the study. HLA class I and HLA-DRB1 were genotyped using the reverse sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe method. RESULTS: The frequencies of three alleles of HLA, namely HLA-B*15:02, HLA-C*06:02, and HLA-C*08:01, were significantly higher in the co-trimoxazole-induced SJS/TEN group compared with controls. The risks for co-trimoxazole-induced SJS/TEN in patients with the HLA-B*15:02, HLA-C*06:02, or HLA-C*08:01 allele were about 3-11-fold higher when compared with those who did not carry one of these alleles. Individuals who carried the HLA-B*15:02-C*08:01 haplotype had a 14-fold higher risk for co-trimoxazole-induced SJS/TEN. CONCLUSION: Evidence of associations between co-trimoxazole-induced SJS/TEN and HLA alleles including HLA-B*15:02, HLA-C*06:02, and HLA-C*08:01 were found in the study population. These findings may suggest that apart from the HLA molecules, other molecules involved in the molecular pathogenesis of these severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions may play an important role in the susceptibility of individuals to SJS/TEN caused by co-trimoxazole.


Assuntos
Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Antígenos HLA/genética , Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson/genética , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Alelos , Demografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26867374

RESUMO

We report a case of 63-year-old male, who presented with pathological fracture of left distal humerus 3 weeks previously. The radiographic findings showed an ill-defined permeative osteolytic lesion of the left distal humerus. Incisional biopsy and debridement was done; pathological examination revealed a folded cestode larva with calcareous corpuscles in the bone and soft tissue, and increased eosinophils. IgG antibody tests for sparganosis were positive. The patient refused to have surgery for internal fixation and placement of an endoprosthesis.


Assuntos
Doenças Ósseas Infecciosas/complicações , Fraturas Espontâneas/etiologia , Fraturas do Úmero/etiologia , Esparganose/complicações , Doenças Ósseas Infecciosas/patologia , Fraturas Espontâneas/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas Espontâneas/patologia , Humanos , Fraturas do Úmero/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas do Úmero/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiografia , Esparganose/patologia
12.
Lancet ; 383(9919): 807-14, 2014 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24284287

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Melioidosis, an infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei, is difficult to cure. Antimicrobial treatment comprises intravenous drugs for at least 10 days, followed by oral drugs for at least 12 weeks. The standard oral regimen based on trial evidence is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxaxole (TMP-SMX) plus doxycycline. This regimen is used in Thailand but is associated with side-effects and poor adherence by patients, and TMP-SMX alone is recommended in Australia. We compared the efficacy and side-effects of TMP-SMX with TMP-SMX plus doxycycline for the oral phase of melioidosis treatment. METHODS: For this multi-centre, double-blind, non-inferiority, randomised placebo-controlled trial, we enrolled patients (aged ≥15 years) from five centres in northeast Thailand with culture-confirmed melioidosis who had received a course of parenteral antimicrobial drugs. Using a computer-generated sequence, we randomly assigned patients to receive TMP-SMX plus placebo or TMP-SMX plus doxycycline for 20 weeks (1:1; block size of ten, stratified by study site). We followed patients up every 4 months for 1 year and annually thereafter to the end of the study. The primary endpoint was culture-confirmed recurrent melioidosis, and the non-inferiority margin was a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.7. This study is registered with www.controlled-trials.com, number ISRCTN86140460. FINDINGS: We enrolled and randomly assigned 626 patients: 311 to TMP-SMX plus placebo and 315 to TMP-SMX plus doxycycline. 16 patients (5%) in the TMP-SMX plus placebo group and 21 patients (7%) in the TMP-SMX plus doxycycline group developed culture-confirmed recurrent melioidosis (HR 0.81; 95% CI 0.42-1.55). The criterion for non-inferiority was met (p=0.01). Adverse drug reactions were less common in the TMP-SMX plus placebo group than in the TMP-SMX plus doxycycline group (122 [39%] vs 167 [53%]). INTERPRETATION: Our findings suggest that TMP-SMX is not inferior to TMP-SMX plus doxycycline for the oral phase of melioidosis treatment, and is preferable on the basis of safety and tolerance by patients. FUNDING: Thailand Research Fund, the Melioidosis Research Center, the Center of Excellence in Specific Health Problems in Greater Mekong Sub-region cluster, and the Wellcome Trust.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Doxiciclina/administração & dosagem , Melioidose/tratamento farmacológico , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/administração & dosagem , Administração Oral , Adulto , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Melioidose/mortalidade , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Tailândia/epidemiologia , Resultado do Tratamento
13.
BMC Infect Dis ; 13: 219, 2013 May 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23676114

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Candidemia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, particularly in Asia. Anidulafungin has been reported to be an effective treatment for candidemia in Western populations, but little is known about its efficacy in Asian patients, where the clinical presentation and epidemiology may be different. METHODS: An open-label study of anidulafungin for the treatment of candidemia was recently conducted in several Asian countries. Treatment was initiated with intravenous anidulafungin, given for at least 5 days, with the option to complete treatment with oral voriconazole. The primary endpoint was global (clinical and microbiological) response, and the primary analysis was the proportion of patients in the modified intent-to-treat population with successful global response at the end of therapy. Secondary analyses included proportion with successful global response in clinically relevant patient subgroups. The safety and tolerability profile of anidulafungin and voriconazole in this population was also investigated. RESULTS: Forty-three patients were studied, including 42 in the modified intent-to-treat population. Eighteen patients were > 65 years, the largest age subgroup, and 21 had central venous catheters. The most common Candida species causing infection were C. tropicalis (n = 18) and C. albicans (n = 10). In the primary analysis, 73.8% had a successful global response at end of therapy. Success rates in subgroups were: 72.2% for C. tropicalis and 71.4% for C. albicans infection, 58.8% for patients > 65 years, and 81.0% for patients with central venous catheters. Safety and tolerability were comparable with the known profiles for anidulafungin (and voriconazole). CONCLUSIONS: Although the epidemiology of Candida infections was different in this open-label study, the efficacy of anidulafungin in Asian patients with documented candidemia was consistent with previous studies in Western populations. No new safety concerns were identified. TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00537329.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Candidemia/tratamento farmacológico , Equinocandinas/administração & dosagem , Pirimidinas/administração & dosagem , Triazóis/administração & dosagem , Administração Intravenosa , Administração Oral , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anidulafungina , Antifúngicos/efeitos adversos , Equinocandinas/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pirimidinas/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Triazóis/efeitos adversos , Voriconazol , Adulto Jovem
14.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev ; 13(9): 4487-90, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23167366

RESUMO

This study aimed to screen for anal cancer and to determine its cytomorphology using liquid-based cytology (LBC) with specimens preserved in 95% ethyl alcohol. Anal swabs were collected for cytological examination from 177 adult, HIV-infected patients. After collection, sample slides were reviewed and classified according to their cytomorphology using the modified Bethesda 2001 system. An abnormal anal Pap smear was found in 26.0% of the patients. The diagnoses were: 66.7% negative for intraepithelial lesions (NIL), 14.1% with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), 10.7% (19) with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), and 1.13% with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). The cytological evaluation was an unsatisfactory result only with 6.67%. The present modified LBC using 95% ethyl alcohol as the preservative could thus be used for anal cancer screening. The number of SILs in Thai HIV-infected patients is lower than that in Western countries. We found anal cytology a satisfactory tool for early screening and detection of anal dysplasia commonly found in high-risk, HIV-infected patients.


Assuntos
Neoplasias do Ânus/patologia , Carcinoma in Situ/patologia , Citodiagnóstico/métodos , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Manejo de Espécimes/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias do Ânus/complicações , Etanol , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
15.
Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob ; 11: 25, 2012 Sep 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22970983

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Increased infection caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa has raised awareness of the resistance situation worldwide. Carbapenem resistance among MDR (CR-MDR) P. aeruginosa has become a serious life-threatening problem due to the limited therapeutic options. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the relatedness of CR-MDR P. aeruginosa in tertiary hospitals across Thailand. METHODS: MDR P. aeruginosa from eight tertiary hospitals across Thailand were collected from 2007-2009. Susceptibility of P. aeruginosa clinical isolates was determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guideline. Selected CR-MDR P. aeruginosa isolates were genetically analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: About 261 clinical isolates were identified as MDR P. aeruginosa and approximately 71.65% were found to be CR-MDR P. aeruginosa. The result showed that the meropenem resistance rate was the highest reaching over 50% in every hospitals. Additionally, the type of hospitals was a major factor affecting the resistance rate, as demonstrated by significantly higher CR-MDR rates among university and regional hospitals. The fingerprinting map identified 107 clones with at least 95% similarity. Only 4 clones were detected in more than one hospital. CONCLUSIONS: Although the antibiotic resistance rate was high, the spreading of CR-MDR was found locally. Specific strains of CR-MDR did not commonly spread from one hospital to another. Importantly, clonal dissemination ratio indicated limited intra-hospital transmission in Thailand.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Carbapenêmicos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Prevalência , Infecções por Pseudomonas/epidemiologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação , Centros de Atenção Terciária/estatística & dados numéricos , Tailândia/epidemiologia
16.
Int J Infect Dis ; 16(12): e843-9, 2012 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22951426

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical and bacteriological effectiveness of intravenous (IV) ceftriaxone followed by oral cefditoren pivoxil or IV ceftriaxone for acute pyelonephritis. METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled trial of patients with a presumptive diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis was performed. Daily 2g IV ceftriaxone was initially given to all patients. After day 3, patients who satisfied the criteria for switch therapy were randomized to either group A (IV ceftriaxone) or group B (oral cefditoren pivoxil 400mg once daily). RESULTS: Eighty-two patients were enrolled; 41 (50%) patients in group A and 41 (50%) patients in group B were evaluated. There was no statistically significant difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups. Clinical cure was observed in 39 of 41 (95.1%) patients in group A and 41 of 41 (100%) patients in group B (p=0.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.12 to 0.02). Urine bacteriological eradication was found in 63.4% in group A and 60% in group B (p=0.75, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.25). There was no statistically significant difference in adverse effects between the two treatment groups. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that IV ceftriaxone followed by oral cefditoren pivoxil is highly effective and well-tolerated for the treatment of acute pyelonephritis, even for uropathogens with a high proportion of quinolone-resistant strains.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Ceftriaxona/administração & dosagem , Cefalosporinas/administração & dosagem , Pielonefrite/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Aguda , Administração Intravenosa , Administração Oral , Adulto , Idoso , Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Ceftriaxona/efeitos adversos , Cefalosporinas/efeitos adversos , Método Duplo-Cego , Substituição de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento
17.
Clin Med Insights Cardiol ; 6: 119-23, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22872789

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Human Streptococcus suis endocarditis occurs infrequently and continues to be a serious illness with high mortality. However, knowledge of the echocardiographic features and clinical outcome of this disease remains unclear. METHODS: One hundred and fourteen patients were identified in a prospective study, and hospitalized at Queen Sirikit Heart Center and Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University. Echocardiography was routinely performed in all patients. RESULTS: Between January 2010 and December 2011, three cases of S. suis endocarditis were diagnosed. All cases were male and aged 27-53 years. The most common risk factor for contracting S. suis infection was eating undercooked pork. Three patients presented with congestive heart failure. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated large, highly mobile vegetations and severe valvular damage. Aortic valve involvement was documented in two patients, and mitral valve involvement in one. One patient presented with embolic stroke and one with arterial occlusion. All patients underwent urgent valve replacement with a good clinical outcome. CONCLUSION: The echocardiographic features of S. suis endocarditis show destructive, extensive valvular damage and early embolization with a fulminant course, needing early surgical intervention with a good clinical outcome.

18.
N Engl J Med ; 367(8): 725-34, 2012 Aug 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22913682

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Autoantibodies against interferon-γ are associated with severe disseminated opportunistic infection, but their importance and prevalence are unknown. METHODS: We enrolled 203 persons from sites in Thailand and Taiwan in five groups: 52 patients with disseminated, rapidly or slowly growing, nontuberculous mycobacterial infection (group 1); 45 patients with another opportunistic infection, with or without nontuberculous mycobacterial infection (group 2); 9 patients with disseminated tuberculosis (group 3); 49 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (group 4); and 48 healthy controls (group 5). Clinical histories were recorded, and blood specimens were obtained. RESULTS: Patients in groups 1 and 2 had CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts that were similar to those in patients in groups 4 and 5, and they were not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Washed cells obtained from patients in groups 1 and 2 had intact cytokine production and a response to cytokine stimulation. In contrast, plasma obtained from these patients inhibited the activity of interferon-γ in normal cells. High-titer anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies were detected in 81% of patients in group 1, 96% of patients in group 2, 11% of patients in group 3, 2% of patients in group 4, and 2% of controls (group 5). Forty other anticytokine autoantibodies were assayed. One patient with cryptococcal meningitis had autoantibodies only against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. No other anticytokine autoantibodies or genetic defects correlated with infections. There was no familial clustering. CONCLUSIONS: Neutralizing anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies were detected in 88% of Asian adults with multiple opportunistic infections and were associated with an adult-onset immunodeficiency akin to that of advanced HIV infection. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00814827.).


Assuntos
Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Doenças Autoimunes/imunologia , Interferon gama/imunologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/imunologia , Infecções Oportunistas/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idade de Início , Idoso , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Micoses/imunologia , Taiwan , Tailândia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/imunologia , Adulto Jovem
19.
J Med Assoc Thai ; 95 Suppl 2: S23-33, 2012 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22574526

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Nosocomial pneumonia (NP) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the common causative pathogens in NP. The prevalence of multi-drug resistance in A. baumannii has been increasing. The information on clinical features and clinical courses of A. baumannii NP in Thai patients are limited. OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical features, risk factors and clinical courses of A. baumannii NP in Thai patients hospitalized in tertiary care hospitals in Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This was a prospective, hospital-based, active surveillance study on hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in adults hospitalized in 12 tertiary care hospitals in Thailand between 2008 and 2009. RESULTS: There were 651 NP patients. A. baumannii was the most common cause of NP in 198 patients (30.4%). Most of NP patients were males with median age of 71 years. About 80% had late onset NP with the median duration of 10 days after admission in both A. baumannii and non-A. baumannii NP. Most of NP occurred in patients hospitalized in general medical wards. Most of the features of NP in A. baumannii NP and non-A. baumannii NP were not significantly different. The initial antibiotics prescribed were concordant in about 50% of the patients in both groups. Colistin was usually prescribed to the patients who received antibiotic modifications. The initial clinical responses in A. baumannii NP were less favorable than those in non-A. baumannii NP. The mortality rate in A. baumannii NP seemed to be more than that in non-A. baumannii NP. There was a trend of more persistence of pathogen in A. baumannii NP. Most isolates of A. baumannii were resistant to antibiotics including carbapenems. The patients with extensive drug resistant A. baumannii NP had less favorable responses than NP due to other bacteria, including non-extensive drug resistant A. baumannii. VAP, NP developed in medical ICU and NP with bilateral lung involvements on chest X-ray were associated with A. baumannii as the isolated pathogen. CONCLUSION: A. baumannii is the most common causative pathogen for NP in tertiary care hospitals in Thailand and most of A. baumannii isolates were resistant to many antibiotics including carbapenems. The hospitalized patient in tertiary care hospitals with VAP, or NP that was developed in medical ICU, or NP with bilateral lung involvements on chest x-ray was likely to be due to A. baumannii. Many NP patients received inappropriate initial antibiotic regimens leading to a high mortality.


Assuntos
Acinetobacter baumannii , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Pneumonia/microbiologia , Infecções por Acinetobacter , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica/microbiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco
20.
Per Med ; 9(7): 773-782, 2012 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23439719

RESUMO

Nevirapine is one of the most extensively prescribed antiretroviral drugs worldwide. However, a concern is increased risk for severe toxicity when antiretroviral-naive individuals with higher CD4 T-cell counts initiate nevirapine-containing regimens. Several genetic variants are associated with nevirapine toxicities. The authors used data from a previous study to anticipate potential consequences of genetic screening to prevent nevirapine adverse events. That study enrolled cohorts of African, Asian and European descent in 11 countries, including 276 patients who had experienced severe cutaneous and/or hepatic adverse events with nevirapine-containing regimens and 587 matched nevirapine-tolerant controls. Associations were identified with HLA-Cw*04, HLA-B*35, HLA-DRB*01 and CYP2B6 516G>T (rs3745274); however, positive predictive values for these genetic markers were low, and most nevirapine-associated adverse events occurred in patients without these markers. Unless better genetic predictors are identified, nevirapine toxicity is best avoided by continuing to follow current prescribing guidelines that are based largely on CD4 T-cell criteria.

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