RESUMO
For the second half of the XX century, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences was the center of the Russian cholinesterase investigations ("the Russian cholinesterase club"). The close cooperation with chemists-syntheticians of different scientific schools provided success and fruitfulness of this scientific search. All these years, there was preserved dualism of this investigation: a study of the mechanism of functioning and kinetics of cholinesterase catalysis as well as the comparative-enzymological character of studies of cholinesterases of the animals being at different levels of evolutionary development.
Assuntos
Bioquímica/história , Colinesterases , Ciência/história , Animais , Aniversários e Eventos Especiais , Evolução Biológica , Colinesterases/química , Colinesterases/história , Colinesterases/fisiologia , História do Século XX , História do Século XXIRESUMO
The data on sensitivity of cholinesterases (ChE) of different insects to reversible inhibitors, as well as the data on physico-chemical parameters of amino acids constituting their active centers, were treated by factor analysis and juxtaposed. It is shown that both these characteristics are related to taxonomical belonging of insects. It is revealed the "material substrate" of the factors determining inhibitor action specificity, which are specific sites in ChE active center.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Colinesterase/química , Colinesterases/química , Proteínas de Insetos/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Insetos/química , Insetos/enzimologia , Animais , Domínio Catalítico , Colinesterases/metabolismoRESUMO
Using the methods of factor and cluster analysis, the statistical treatment is performed of data on interaction of 7 cholinesterases (ChE)--human acetylcholinesterase, horse butyrylcholinesterase, cholinesterases of frog brain and of various squid species (Todarodes pacificus and Berrytheutis magister; in the latter case, individuals from three different habitats are compared)--with 141 reversible inhibitors of various structures. Statistically significant differences between ChE of squids and vertebrates are shown. The previously revealed intraspecies peculiarities of ChE in the Commander squid B. magister are statistically confirmed.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Colinesterase/química , Colinesterases/química , Acetilcolinesterase/química , Animais , Butirilcolinesterase/química , Análise por Conglomerados , Decapodiformes , Cavalos , Humanos , Modelos Estatísticos , Rana temporaria , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Analytical review of literature data has been carried out about kinetic parameters of cholinesterases (ChE) of various animals (vertebrates and squids) with 45 reversible bis-onium inhibitors forming homologous series with regularly changing structure. Values of competitive, non-competitive, and generalized inhibitory constants are compared. Interspecies and intraspecies differences are revealed in sensitivity of ChE to bis-onium inhibitors. Results of conformational analysis of molecules of the studied ligands are presented. Data on population of individual conformations are compared with values of anticholinesterase efficiency. Conclusions are made about mechanisms of action of the studied compounds and the predominant site of their sorption. The presented data are discussed from the point of view of comparative enzymology and in the light of the current information about structure of active center of cholinesterases.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Colinesterase/química , Colinesterases/química , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Results obtained from complex medical-physiological investigations performed during 10 scientific expeditions in the Arkhangel'sk Region in 2003-2005 are presented. The effects of climatological-geographic, biogeochemical, and social conditions of the conditions obtaining in the Far North region of Russia on sexual maturation, formation of the structural-functional organization of the brain, autonomic functions, and immunological and biochemical status of schoolchildren were studied using state-of-the-art neurophysiological methods (computerized electroencephalography, computerized rheoencephalography, computerized electric dipole origin tomography, etc.), psychophysiological and psychometric methods (assessment of the state of cognitive and memory functions, Wechsler intellectual scale), along with biochemical assay of monoamine oxidase (MAO, the key enzyme in adrenergic neurotransmitter metabolism) and the liver enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and physicochemical analysis of the levels of macroelements and trace elements in the body.
Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Encéfalo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Adolescente , Ritmo alfa , Butirilcolinesterase/sangue , Circulação Cerebrovascular , Criança , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil , Clima , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Eletroencefalografia , Eletrofisiologia , Enzimas/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Imunidade/fisiologia , Masculino , Monoaminoxidase/sangue , Testes Neuropsicológicos , População Rural , Federação Russa , Meio Social , Oligoelementos/metabolismo , Escalas de WechslerRESUMO
Analytical review of literature data has been presented about constants of interaction of cholinesterases of various animals (verterbrates and squids) with 89 onium (ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium) reversible inhibitors forming homologous series with regularly changed structure. Values of competitive, uncompetitive, and generalized inhibition constants have been compared. On this basis, conclusions are made about mechanism of action of the studied compounds and the predominant areas of their sorption--in the <
Assuntos
Inibidores da Colinesterase/química , Colinesterases/química , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Decapodiformes/metabolismo , Humanos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeAssuntos
Encéfalo/enzimologia , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Colinesterases/metabolismo , Glicerilfosforilcolina/farmacologia , Encefalopatia Hepática/sangue , Encefalopatia Hepática/enzimologia , Monoaminoxidase/metabolismo , Tretinoína/análogos & derivados , Animais , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tetracloreto de Carbono/farmacologia , Colinesterases/sangue , Encefalopatia Hepática/induzido quimicamente , Modelos Biológicos , Monoaminoxidase/sangue , Ratos , Solubilidade , Tretinoína/farmacologiaAssuntos
Colinesterases/metabolismo , Dolicóis/análogos & derivados , Dolicóis/farmacologia , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Monoaminoxidase/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Preparações de Plantas/farmacologia , Transmissão Sináptica , Animais , Encéfalo/ultraestrutura , Ativação Enzimática , Técnicas In Vitro , Rim/ultraestrutura , Fígado/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Mitocôndrias/enzimologia , Fitoterapia , Pinus , RatosRESUMO
Results of complex medical-physiological research performed during 10 scientific expeditions in Arkhangelsk region in 2003-2005 are presented. Influence of climatic-geographic, biogeochemical and social conditions of North-West region of Russia on sexual maturation, formation of the brain structural-functional organization, vegetative functions, immunological and biochemical status of schoolchildren was studied with the aid of modern neurophysiologic (computer electroencephalography, computer rheoencephalography, computed electric dipole origin tomography, etc.), psychophysiological and psychometric methods (evaluation of cognitive and mnestic functions, Vechsler 1Q estimation), biochemical assessment of monoamine oxidase and butyrylcholinesterase activity, physical-chemical analysis of macro- and microelements in the organism.