[Bion-M1. Biological activities of microorganisms under the conditions of a 30-day space flight].

It was stated that spaceflight factors (SFF) affect the chromosomal DNA interchange during Streptomyces crossing. Cross polarity and primary input of a parent chromosome fragment in recombinant generation imply a more lasting cells contact in microgravity and a broader horizontal transport of genetic material. SFF had no effect on recombination frequency and mutation in a model of parental auxotrophic markers reversion to prototrophism. It was demonstrated that SFF boosted the fC31 phage exit from S. lividans 66 (fC31) and did not influence phage induction in S. coelicolor A3(2) (fC31). SFF inhibited synthesis of antiobiotic actinorhodin in lisogenic S. coelicolor A3(2), and tylosin and desmicosin in S. fradiae. Survivability of electrogenic bacteria Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in space flight was higher compared with the synchronous control experiment. The reduction activity of S. oneidensis MR-1 as an indicator of electron generation effectiveness was identical in flight and laboratory samples.

[Development of paste-type food for experiments with mice onboard unmanned spacecrafts].

One of the crucial issues of handling animals in space flight is availability of food and water supply systems. However, water supply for animal experiments onboard unmanned spacecrafts is a particularly formidable problem. To maintain laboratory mice in space flight, a paste-type food was formulated on the basis of the standard extruded combined food for laboratory rodents (PK-120) with a 18.3% wet protein content and moisture raised to 68%. Food manufacturing technology for rodents reproduces essentially the one for quails that had shown good advantages in an experiment with adult birds aboard orbital complex Mir. The proposed food was tested with white laboratory mice (males and females) of mature 37-d age. According to the data of blood clinical analysis and visceral organs morphology investigations, feeding with the paste-type food without additional water over 21 days did not change the life weight of mice or food digestibility and availability. These biological test results gave go to feed mice in the Bion-M1 and synchronous ground experiments with the paste-type food.

[Metabolic profiling for characteristics of Trichoderma from buried soils].

Previously, 135 strains of Trichoderma isolated from buried soils of Tatarstan have been identified as T. asperellum, T. viride, T. atroviride, T. harzianum, T. hamatum, T. citrinoviride and T. longibrachiatum. At this stage, the biochemical analysis of the strains was carried out using the Biolog system, which being a simple screening test enables rapid preparation of strains based on 95 substrates. We have revealed that each species has only a specific substrate utilisation profile. Biochemical analysis provides a large amount of information that can then be used for optimization of biotechnological processes, in particular, the selection of effective nutrient media.

[The content of protein S-100 and tumor-necrosis factor-alpha in the serum of patients with discirculatory encephalopathy].

To study the content of protein S-100 and tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the serum of patients with discirculatory encephalopathy (DE), stages I and II, 108 patients have been examined. The diagnosis of vascular damage of the brain has been confirmed by ultrasound and MRI-examination. Patients with DE, stage II, had significantly higher levels of protein S-100 and TNF-alpha (0.764+/-0.021 optical density units (ODU) and 0.797+/-0.039 pg/l, respectively) compared to the control group (0.540+/-0.015 ODU and 0.528+/-0.001 pg/l; p<0.001). Lesser differences were found between patients with stage II and stage I. The levels of protein S-100 and TNF-alpha increased with age and illness duration (p<0.05). The data obtained can be used in diagnostics of chronic cerebral blood circulation disorders and prognosis of disease outcome.

[Effect of short-term application of a lactate-containing probiotic on the pharyngeal microflora in healthy subjects].

Daily dynamics of pharyngeal microflora was evaluated in the absence of preventive treatment and using a local lactate-producing probiotic preparation during 24 hour-long simulated microgravity. The study showed that the short-term application of the local lactate-producing probiotic (four times daily) significantly reduced titers of opportunistic pathogenic microflora and increased the amount of symbionts in the pharynx.

[A comparison of efficacy of different modalities of treatment for locally-advanced and metastatic non-small lung cancer].

The paper evaluates the efficacy of different modalities of treatment for locally-advanced and metastatic non-small lung cancer (NSLC) (1,316 pts.). Adjuvant chemotherapy was followed by an elevation of median of survival from 14 to 21.5 months at stage III. Combined treatment appeared more effective than distant one (survival of 21 months vs. 18 at stage IIIA and 35 months vs. 21 at stage IIIB); comparatively fewer cases of complications and radiation-related injuries were reported. The highest rates of survival were characteristic of conservative therapy as a component of chemoradiation (median of survival of 15 months at stages IIIA, IIIB and IV). Survival under 3 months was registered among patients without such therapy. Survival rates for timely adequate conservative therapy at stages IIIB and IV of NSLC were similar or higher than those in surgical cases alone (median of survival of 15 months vs.14 and 12.5, respectively). All procedures of specialized antitumor treatment of locally-advanced and metastatic non-small lung cancer were followed by significant increase in quality of life (+10-50%) while the latter parameter was falling dramatically in those without such therapy (15-30% per month). "Latency of process" calls for further research in methods of treatment because it was chiefly responsible for unsatisfactory results of surgery use for NSLC.

[Investigation of dysbiosis developing during "dry" immersion and methods of correction].

Dysbiotic shifts in intestinal and integumentary microflora were studied in 10 test-subjectes during 7-day "dry" immersion. Essentially every test-subject reduced significantly fecal lactoflora and developed dysbiotic shifts in the microbial landscape of various types of integument. Pharyngeal microflora was analyzed in 22 normal volunteers for 7-day "dry" immersion. Two probiotic preparations were administered to prevent pharyngeal dysbiosis: peroral dry lactobacterin and topical collagen-immobilized lactobacterin. The peroral probiotic stimulated growth of pharyngeal opportunistic pathogens preventing translocations of the intestinal microflora. The topical probiotic, on the opposite, reduced the content of opportunistic pathogens in the throat; however, it provoked gastrointestinal dysbiosis. It appears that the most effective prophylaxis of pharyngeal dysbiosis can be reached by prescription of both topical and peroral probiotics.

[Use of endotracheobronchial surgery in conjunction with radiochemotherapy for advanced non-small lung cancer].

The paper deals with data on 191 endotracheobronchial surgeries (ETBS) in 153 patients with advanced non-small lung cancer involving breath obstruction (stage IIb--13.7%, III--71.9%, IV--14.4%). Difficulty in breathing either subsided or decreased significantly immediately after surgery. When followed by radiochemotherapy, ETBS was followed by survival median (over 14 months), both until tumor progression and during relapse-free survival. Complications were infrequent (8.5%); there was no lethality. End results were improved due to use of photodynamic therapy at the closing stage of treatment which pushed survival median to 17 months. In 11 cases (7.2%), combination of ETBS and radiotherapy rendered tumor operable; after radical surgery, survival median rose to 23 months, relapse-free survival--20 months. Postoperative radiotherapy was followed by 23.5 and 22 months of survival respectively. Hence, ETBS alone or carried out in conjunction with radiochemotherapy significantly improved (by 30-50%) quality of life in patients with advanced non-small lung cancer.

[Experimental grounds for administration of probiotic drugs in conditions of hydroweightlessness].

We studied pharyngeal microflora in 22 healthy volunteers after 7-day dry immersion. For prophylactic pharyngeal dysbiosis, we used two probiotic drugs: oral -- "lactobacterin dry" and local --"lactobacterin immobilized on collagen". Administration of oral probiotic was accompanied with growth of pharyngeal opportunistic microflora preventing translocation of intestinal microflora. Local probiotic, on the contrary, decreased opportunistic microflora in the pharynx, but was associated with gastrointestinal dysbiosis. It is evident that combined use of topic and oral probiotic provides maximal effective prophylaxis of pharyngeal dysbiosis.