The impact of positive psychology counseling on sexual and marital satisfaction and anxiety among reproductive-aged women during the COVID-19 pandemic: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Sexual and marital satisfaction is considered one of the important factors in happiness and life satisfaction of couples. COVID-19 pandemic results in psychological effects, such as increased anxiety levels which can affect sexual and marital satisfaction. This study aimed to investigate the impact of positive psychology on women's sexual and marital satisfaction. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 72 married women of reproductive age in Tabriz, Iran between February 2021 and May 2022. The participants were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. There was no significant difference between the control and intervention groups in terms of the socio-demographic characteristics (p < 0.05). The mean age of the participants in the intervention and control groups was 31.8 ± 6.92 and 30.97 ± 5.09 years, respectively. The intervention group attended seven 60-90 min counseling sessions at weekly intervals. The Spielberger anxiety, sexual satisfaction and marital satisfaction questionnaires were completed before and four weeks after the intervention. RESULTS: The results of this study indicated that after counseling, the average overall score of marital satisfaction [MD: 15.46, 95% CI: 7.47 to 23.41, p = 0.034] and sexual satisfaction [MD: 7.83, 95% CI: 6.25 to 9.41, p = 0.001] significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group. Also, the mean score of state anxiety [MD: -2.50, 95% CI: -4.19 to -0.80, p = 0.001] and trait anxiety [MD: -1.03, 95% CI: -2.46 to -0.09, p = 0.032] significantly decreased after counseling in the intervention group compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Using counseling based on a positive psychology approach can improve anxiety, sexual and marital satisfaction, and anxiety of women of reproductive age during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, further randomized clinical trials are needed before making a definitive conclusion. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT): IRCT20171007036615N8. Date of registration: 11/28/21. Date of first registration: 11/28/21. URL: https://www.irct.ir/user/trial/58680/view ; Date of recruitment start date: 12/01/21.

Liposomal factor VIII as an efficient pharmaceutical system for the treatment of hemophilia.

Objectives: Currently, the most important treatment approach for hemophilia type A is recombinant Factor VIII. However, due to its low retention time in the blood, the patients usually need successive injections. In addition, neutralization of injected proteins by antibodies complicates treatment. We examined the prolongation of the persistence time of injectable FVIII in the blood and the potential effects on survival using promising PEGylated liposomes (PEGLip) utilizing hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine (HSPC, Tm= 54.5 ºC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC, Tm= - 2 ºC). Materials and Methods: Nanoliposomes with different percentages of PEG (3% and 5%) were obtained via the thin film hydration procedure and extrusion. Liposomal FVIII formulation was prepared and characterization was done. Results: The results revealed that the formulations are in the 80-120 nm range with uniform dispersion, which was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. The phase transition temperature (Tm) of the liposomes was obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). With an attachment efficacy of approximately 87%, proteins bind non-covalently yet with a strong affinity to the exterior of PEGLip. The final formulations underwent additional examination. No significant change was observed in size, charge, and PDI between the FVIII-conjugated liposomal formulations and their liposomal nanoparticles. The selected formulations were injected into BALB/c mice. The circulation time and potential clotting effectiveness of PEGLip-FVIII are vastly improved over free protein, in non-hemophilic mice. Conclusion: The obtained results showed that using phospholipids with high Tm (HSPC) can improve the hemostatic efficiency of liposomes more than phospholipids with low Tm (POPC).

Should Parents Allow Their Children Use Smartphones and Tablets? The Issue of Screen Time for Recreational Activities.

Previous research has shown that children are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) and blue light emitted from digital screens compared to healthy adults. This paper presents the findings of a cross-sectional study conducted in Yasuj, Iran, to investigate the screen time habits of children and adolescents and its potential impact on their health. A total of 63 participants, including 44 boys and 19 girls, were randomly selected for the study. The results showed that the average daily screen time for the children was 87.38 minutes, with a standard deviation of 49.58. When examining the specific purposes of screen time, it was found that the children spent an average of 17.54 minutes per day on screens for school assignments, 70 minutes per day for recreational purposes, and 23.41 minutes per day for contacting family, friends, and relatives. Our study highlights that a significant portion of the children's screen time was allocated to recreational activities. We observed some differences in screen time between girls and boys. Boys had a slightly higher overall daily screen time, primarily driven by more recreational screen time. However, girls spent slightly more time on screens for school assignments. The screen time for social interactions was similar for both genders. Our findings on the cognitive performance of children with different levels of screen time will be published in a separate paper.

Synthesis and functionalization of mucoadhesive mesoporous silica particles containing diphenhydramine for treatment of aphthous ulcers.

Introduction: Medications used to treat oral ulcers include corticosteroids, anesthetics, and antihistamines. These can be used as gels, mouthwashes, pastes, ointments, etc. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH) has local anesthetic properties that can help treat the aphthae. One of the drawbacks of the delivery to the transmucosal is the quick turnaround time of the gel, a mucous form that is located on the epithelial film surface. Methods: Therefore, it seems that the preparation of a carrier that has the characteristics of adhesive mucus can increase the duration of drug retention on the mucous surface. To solve this problem, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) were synthesized and functionalized with amino and thiol groups and suggested as a system of drug delivery. The properties and structure of MSNPs were investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms (BET). Results: Our outcomes indicated that the average sizes of bare MSNPs (MSN), amino modified MSNPs (MSN-NH2), and thiol modified MSNPs (MSN-SH) were obtained to be 611, 655, and 655 nm respectively and the average pore size of MSN, MSN-NH2, and MSN-SH were about 2.42 nm, 2.42 nm, and 2.44 nm, respectively, according to the BJH (Barrett-Joyner-Halenda) pore size distribution. The release kinetics and release of DPH from mesoporous silica carriers were evaluated. Conclusion: Eventually, the mucoadhesive study and DPH-loaded particles were investigated. Also, the MSN-SH exhibited a high mucoadhesive capacity for buccal mucosa compared with MSN-NH2 and MSN.

Thiolated chitosan hydrogel-embedded niosomes: A promising crocin delivery system toward the management of aphthous stomatitis.

Aphthous stomatitis is a common inflammatory oral disease with challenging management. Crocin is a natural carotenoid that has shown great anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to develop thiolated chitosan (TCS)-based hydrogels containing niosomes to serve as a mucoadhesive crocin delivery system for aphthous stomatitis. Crocin-loaded niosomes were prepared and the impact of surfactant type, cholesterol content, and lipid to drug ratio on the characteristics of niosomes was evaluated. TCS was synthesized and the success of thiolation was investigated. The optimum niosomal formulation was loaded into the hydrogel and the hybrid system was characterized regarding the morphology, mucoadhesive properties, viscosity, chemical structure, in vitro drug release, and in vivo efficacy. The optimized niosome formulation showed 77% crocin entrapment, a particle diameter of 59 nm, and a zeta potential of -18 mV. The niosome-containing hydrogel exhibited pseudoplastic rheological behavior, mucoadhesive properties, suitable swelling, and sustained release of crocin. In vivo study revealed that the niosome-containing hydrogel improved ulcer healing and decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and p53 while increasing the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Collectively, TCS hydrogel-embedded crocin-loaded niosomes is a promising therapeutic option for aphthous stomatitis. CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS STUDIED IN THIS ARTICLE: Crocin (PubChem CID: 5281233) Chitosan (PubChem CID: 71853) Thioglycolic acid (PubChem CID: 1133) 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (PubChem CID: 2723939) 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (PubChem CID: 6254) Cholesterol (PubChem CID: 5997).

How Reactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in Astronauts with Dysregulated Immune Systems Can Negatively Affect the Odds of Success in Future Space Missions.

We have previously reported that during future space missions the risk of severe COVID-19 infection will be a cardinal issue that needs careful attention. Our studies show that even with the most reliable pre-mission screening and quarantine strategies, astronauts with a latent (hidden, inactive, or dormant) SARS-CoV-2 infection might be sent to space. Given this consideration, an asymptomatic individual with dormant SARS-CoV-2 infection may successfully pass all the pre-launch medical tests. Then during a space mission such as a journey to Mars or beyond, when the immune system of these astronauts starts to weaken, the dormant infection may progress to a severe infection that possibly affects the chance of the mission's success. The effects of microgravity and the elevated space radiation are two key factors that should be evaluated. Furthermore, the limited size of the spacecraft, the proximity of crew members during flight operations, spacecraft atmospheric composition, limited exercise capability, effects of viral response to space radiation, and uncertainty in the likelihood of the virus to mutate and evolve during a space mission merit additional study.

The Effect of Psychological Interventions on Sexual and Marital Satisfaction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Sexual and marital satisfaction play an important role in the stability of couples' relationships, so it is necessary to take a proper approach to promote them. This study aimed to identify and categorize psychological interventions affecting sexual satisfaction and marital satisfaction of women in Iran. Methods: An electronic systematic review search was conducted using the Persian and English databases of SID, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, Cochran library, and Google Scholar motor engine until 2021 to identify all relevant clinical trials and experimental and quasi-experimental studies assessing the effect of psychological interventions on sexual and marital satisfaction. Results: Totally, we retrieved 528 studies from the previously mentioned databases, of which, 38 met the eligibility criteria. The subgroup meta-analysis of 4 studies conducted showed that interventions based on individual consultations increase sexual satisfaction (MD: 2.94, 95% CI: -0.36 to 6.24, P= .23), (I 2 =30.83%). The subgroup meta-analysis of 10 studies conducted revealed that couple-based consultations increase marital satisfaction (MD: 5.93, 95% CI: -2.59 to 9.27, P=.95), (I 2 = 0%). Conclusion: The results of meta-analysis demonstrated the effect of counseling-based psychological interventions on increasing sexual and marital satisfaction of couples. However, further clinical trials are required before making a definitive conclusion.

Exposure to Low Levels of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields Emitted from Cell-phones as a Promising Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Scoping Review Study.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most significant public health concerns and tremendous economic challenges. Studies conducted over the past decades show that exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) may relieve AD symptoms. Objective: To determine if exposure to RF-EMFs emitted by cellphones affect the risk of AD. Material and Methods: In this review, all relevant published articles reporting an association of cell phone use with AD were studied. We systematically searched international datasets to identify relevant studies. Finally, 33 studies were included in the review. Our review discusses the effects of RF-EMFs on the amyloid ß (Aß), oxidative stress, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), neuronal death, and astrocyte responses. Moreover, the role of exposure parameters, including the type of exposure, its duration, and specific absorption rate (SAR), are discussed. Results: Progressive factors of AD such as Aß, myelin basic protein (MBP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, and neurofilament light polypeptide (NFL) were decreased. While tau protein showed no change, factors affecting brain activity such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), cerebral blood flow (CBF), brain temperature, and neuronal activity were increased. Conclusion: Exposure to low levels of RF-EMFs can reduce the risk of AD by increasing MAPK and GFAP and decreasing MBP. Considering the role of apoptosis in AD and the effect of RF-EMF on the progression of the process, this review indicates the positive effect of these exposures.

Fabrication, in Vitro, and in Vivo Characterization of Mucoadhesive Berberine-Loaded Blended Wafers for Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis.

This study aims to design and characterize berberine-loaded wafers for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Wafers were prepared by lyophilization of hydrogels of various ratios of chitosan (CS)/sodium alginate (SA) as well as CS/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). In vitro release, in vitro mucoadhesion, porosity, and swelling studies were conducted to select the optimized formulations. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and mechanical properties studies were also performed for further characterization. The efficacy of optimized berberine-loaded wafers in the treatment of oral mucositis was investigated in a 5FU-induced oral mucositis rat model. F2-CS-SA and F6-CS-HPMC wafers exhibited sustained release profile and excellent mucoadhesion strength. Therefore, these wafers were selected as the optimized formulations. SEM confirmed the porous structure of these wafers and is in agreement with the results of porosity and swelling studies. XRD and FTIR studies indicated that berberine was incorporated into the wafer matrix in the amorphous form. In vivo studies demonstrated that topical application of berberine-loaded optimized wafers reduced significantly the severity of 5FU-induced oral mucositis and decreased the expression of inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-1ß). The results of in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that berberine-loaded F2-CS-SA and F6-CS-HPMC wafers can be effective in the treatment of chemotherapy-related oral mucositis.

The Paradox of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa: Why it is More Unethical Not to Investigate Low Dose Radiotherapy for COVID-19.

An accumulating body of evidence shows that various ethnicities are differentially affected by SARS-COV-2 infection. Moreover, some evidence shows that due to the vaccine inequity and millions of people living with HIV, a major catastrophe could occur in African countries that possibly affects the whole world. Given the possibility that Neanderthal genes confer a slight increase in susceptibility, this difference, at least to some extent, might possibly decrease the risk of the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants among black people in Africa. Recent studies show less death and fewer cases among the ethnic group classified as "Black Africans". Although Neanderthal DNA might explain some differences in morbidity and mortality of COVID-19, a multitude of confounders complicate things to where drawing definite conclusions is hard or even impossible. Using selective-pressure-free treatments (e.g. low dose radiotherapy) for COVID-19 pneumonia would be of crucial importance everywhere, but particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where "long COVID" in millions of people with HIV paves the road for the more frequent emergence of new variants.

The Paradoxical Role of far-Ultraviolet C (far-UVC) in Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2: The Issue of Droplet Size.

The Omicron variant is spreading at a rate we have never observed with any previous variant. A lot of efforts have been taken to inactivate SARS-CoV-2, especially the omicron variant. Specific wavelength ranges of electromagnetic radiation can be exploited to inactivate coronaviruses. Previous studies show that 222-nm far-Ultraviolet C (far-UVC) light inactivates airborne influenza virus efficiently. Considering the similar genomic sizes of all human coronaviruses, other human coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, would be expected to be inactivated by far-UVC with a similar efficacy. Taking this into account, it is concluded that exposure to far-UVC can be introduced as a safe method that significantly reduces the ambient level of airborne coronaviruses in crowded places. Biomolecules, particularly proteins, strongly absorb ultraviolet radiation at a wavelength of around 200 nm. Given this consideration, far-UVC has a limited ability to permeate biological materials. Thus, for example, in only around 0.3 mm of tissue, the intensity of 200-nm UV radiation is decreased by half, compared to tissue penetration of about 3 mm at 250 nm. This paper aims to answer the key question of whether far-UVC can penetrate SARS-CoV-2 inside inhalable respiratory droplets (with diameters up to 100 µm).

Montmorillonite-Famotidine/Chitosan Bio-nanocomposite Hydrogels as a Mucoadhesive/Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System.

The main purpose of the present study was to fabricate mucoadhesive bio-nanocomposite hydrogels to prolong the drug retention time in the stomach. In these bio-nanocomposite hydrogels, chitosan (CH) was used as a bioadhesive matrix, montmorillonite (MMT) was applied to modulate the release rate, and tripolyphosphate (TPP) was the cross-linking agent. The test samples were analyzed via different methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Drug incorporation efficacy and mucoadhesive strength of these nanocomposite hydrogel beads were studied. Swelling and in vitro drug release behaviors of these bio-nanocomposite hydrogels were evaluated in simulated gastric fluid (SGF; pH 1.2). The optimized MMT-famotidine (FMT)/CH bio-nanocomposite hydrogels displayed a controllable and sustainable drug release profile with suitable mucoadhesion and prolonged retention time in the stomach. Thus, the results demonstrated that the fabricated mucoadhesive bio-nanocomposite hydrogels could remarkably increase the therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability of FMT by the oral route.

Development and evaluation of a novel methotrexate-loaded electrospun patch to alleviate psoriasis plaques.

OBJECTIVE: To achieve an effective topical formulation of Methotrexate (MTX) as a first-line treatment of psoriasis, we formulated three MTX-loaded electrospun nanofibrous patches composed of polycaprolactone (PCL), Eudragit L100, and a mixture of them. SIGNIFICANCE: Topical delivery of MTX provides an appropriate therapeutic performance while circumventing the life-threatening side effects of systemic administration. METHODS: Three MTX-loaded electrospun nanofibrous patches were prepared and characterized in terms of size and morphology (using SEM), thermal behavior (by TGA and DSC), and crystalline structure (using XRD). Furthermore, the wettability and mechanical strength of samples were investigated through water contact angle and tensile strength tests. Also, the encapsulation efficiency of MTX was calculated. Subsequently, in vitro drug release profile of each formulation was obtained and different kinetic models were fitted to achieve the best-matched model. Accordingly, the ex vivo skin permeation of MTX was studied for the optimum formulation. RESULTS: All samples showed appropriate morphology, thermal behavior, and encapsulation efficiency. Also, XRD results showed that MTX is dispersed within the polymeric matrices in the amorphous state (with no crystalline region). Release studies demonstrated that MTX-loaded Eudragit L100-PCL formulation outperformed in terms of mechanical behavior and in vitro drug release. This formulation also exhibited better skin permeation. CONCLUSION: The obtained controlled-release MTX-loaded electrospun patches seem promising to provide a long-acting topical treatment of psoriatic plaques with minimized systemic side effects.

How Do Different Physical Stressors' Affect the Mercury Release from Dental Amalgam Fillings and Microleakage? A Systematic Review.

Background: Approximately 50% of dental amalgam is elemental mercury by weight. Accumulating body of evidence now shows that not only static magnetic fields (SMF) but both ionizing and non-ionizing electromagnetic radiations can increase the rate of mercury release from dental amalgam fillings. Iranian scientists firstly addressed this issue in 2008 but more than 10 years later, it became viral worldwide. Objective: This review was aimed at evaluating available data on the magnitude of the effects of different physical stressors (excluding chewing and brushing) on the release of toxic mercury from dental amalgam fillings and microleakage. Material and Methods: The papers reviewed in this study were searched from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus (up to 1 December 2019). The keywords were identified from our initial research matching them with those existing on the database of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). The non-English papers and other types of articles were not included in this review. Results: Our review shows that exposure to static magnetic fields (SMF) such as those generated by MRI, electromagnetic fields (EMF) such as those produced by mobile phones; ionizing electromagnetic radiations such as X-rays and non- Ionizing electromagnetic radiation such as lasers and light cure devices can significantly increase the release of mercury from dental amalgam restorations and/or cause microleakage. Conclusion: The results of this review show that a wide variety of physical stressors ranging from non-ionizing electromagnetic fields to ionizing radiations can significantly accelerate the release of mercury from amalgam and cause microleakage.

Revisiting the Paradox of Smoking: Radioactivity in Tobacco Smoke or Suppressing the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, via Aryl-Hydrocarbon Receptor Signal?

Despite current controversies, some reports show a paradoxical mitigating effect associated with smoking in individuals with symptomatic COVID-19 compared to the general population. To explain the potential mechanisms behind the lower number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, it has been hypothesized that cigarette smoking may reduce the odds of cytokine storm and related severe inflammatory responses through cholinergic-mediated anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Japanese scientists have recently identified a potential mechanism behind the lower numbers of COVID-19 cases amongst smokers compared to non-smokers. However, we believe that this mitigative effect may be due to the relatively high concentration of deposited energy of alpha particles emitted from naturally occurring radionuclides such as Po-210 in cigarette tobacco. Regarding COVID-19, other researchers and our team have previously addressed the anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects of low doses of ionizing radiation. MC-simulation using the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit shows that the radiation dose absorbed in a spherical cell with a radius of .9 µm for a single 5.5 MeV alpha particle is about 5.1 Gy. This energy deposition may trigger both anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects which paradoxically lower the risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19 in smokers.

Indomethacin Sustained-Release Anti-adhesion Membrane Composed of a Phospholipid and Polycaprolactone Blend.

Background: Postoperative peritoneal adhesions are among common challenging problems in surgery. The availability of limited efficient strategies to prevent intra-abdominal adhesion reinforces the need to explore new methods. Given the favorable prolonged drug release characteristics of polycaprolactone (PCL) films and their ability to act as a biodegradable physical barrier implant, along with the anti-inflammatory and anti-adhesion properties of indomethacin and phospholipids, this study hypothesized that indomethacin sustained-release membrane composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and PCL blend could efficiently prevent abdominal adhesion formation. Methods: Different polymeric and polymeric/lipidic hybrid formulations with three feeding materials to drug weight ratios were prepared, and their physicochemical characteristics and drug release kinetics were evaluated and compared. Abdominal adhesions were induced in 48 rats by the abrasion of the cecum and excision of a section of the opposite abdominal wall. Adhesion formation was evaluated by macroscopic scoring, histological, scanning electron microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction analyses. Results: Both PCL and PCL-PC films exhibited sustained indomethacin release profiles. The X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy studies confirmed indomethacin incorporation in formulations in molecular dispersion form without any interaction. The films showed smooth surfaces and good mechanical properties. The treatment with indomethacin PCL-PC membrane significantly reduced the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and fibrinogen in the adhesion tissues. The separation of the injured peritoneum, very low adhesion scores, and complete mesothelial cell regeneration were also achieved. Conclusions: This study suggests that indomethacin-eluting PCL-PC membrane acting through the combination of physical barrier, anti-inflammatory agents, and controlled drug delivery warrants an effective approach to prevent intra-abdominal adhesion.

Microfluidic platform for synthesis and optimization of chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles in cisplatin delivery.

In this study, magnetic core/chitosan shell Nanoparticles (NPs) containing cisplatin were synthesized via cisplatin complexation with tripolyphosphate as the chitosan crosslinker using two different procedures: a conventional batch flow method and a microfluidic approach. An integrated microfluidic device composed of three stages was developed to provide precise and highly controllable mixing. The comparison of the results revealed that NPs synthesized in microchannels were monodisperse 104 ±â€¯14.59 nm (n = 3) in size with optimal morphological characteristics, whereas polydisperse 423 ±â€¯53.33 nm (n = 3) nanoparticles were obtained by the conventional method. Furthermore, cisplatin was loaded in NPs without becoming inactivated, and the microfluidic technique demonstrated higher encapsulation efficiency, controlled release, and consequently lower IC50 values during exposure to the A2780 cell line proving that microfluidic synthesized NPs were able to enter the cells and release the drug more efficiently. The developed microfluidic platform presents valuable features that could potentially provide the clinical translation of NPs in drug delivery.