What Should Personalised Mental Health Support Involve? Views of Young People with Lived Experience and Professionals from Eight Countries.

Research demonstrates that young people value mental health support that is tailored to their needs and preferences, rather than a "one size fits all" offer, which is often not equitably accessible (National Children's Bureau, 2021). Understanding young people's lived experiences across different sociocultural contexts is important. The aim of this research was to conduct an international qualitative study on the views of young people with lived experience and professionals, on proposed aspects of personalised support for anxiety and/or depression. Participatory action focus groups were conducted with N = 120 young people with lived experience of anxiety and/or depression (14-24 years) and with N = 63 professionals in Brazil, India, Kenya, Pakistan, Portugal, South Africa, Turkey, and the United Kingdom. Data were analysed using the rigorous and accelerated data reduction (RADaR) technique. Overall, although some country-specific differences were found in terms of what aspects of support young people found to be most important, individual preferences were considered stronger, furthering the view that support should be personalised to the needs of the individual young person. Young people experiencing anxiety and/or depression should be able to choose for themselves which aspects of support they would prefer in their own care and support plans, with families and mental health professionals providing guidance where appropriate, rather than removing the young person from the decision-making process altogether. It should also be ensured that the aspects of personalised support can be understood by young people and professionals from different contexts, including marginalised and minoritised groups and communities.

The Role of Social Support and Sleep Quality in the Psychological Well-Being of Nurses and Doctors.

Social support enhances the development of adaptive strategies to cope with difficulties, which may affect psychological well-being. Sleep quality has been highlighted as having a relevant role in psychological well-being. The present study aimed to analyse the role of social support and sleep quality in the psychological well-being of health professionals (nurses and doctors) compared to the general population. The sample comprised 466 adults aged between 18 and 75 (M = 43.4; SD = 10.8), of which 272 were the general population and 194 nurses and doctors. Data were collected through a Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Psychological Well-Being Manifestation Measure Scale. Nurses presented less balance (also doctors), sociability and happiness than other professionals. Less significant sociability was observed in nurses compared with doctors. The results also allowed us to observe the positive role of social support from significant others on social involvement and sociability and the positive role of the family in self-esteem. Social support from friends played a positive role in all dimensions of psychological well-being. Males had a higher prevalence of psychological well-being. Other professionals and sleep quality show high levels of psychological well-being in all dimensions. Data discussion highlights the role of social support, sleep, and sex and the implications of health professions (nurses and doctors) on psychological well-being.

Sibling Violence and Bullying Behaviors in Peers: The Mediational Role of Self-Esteem.

In the context of the existing research on families, sibling violence is a less explored area. However, it has seemingly received more attention recently, and it can assume a relevant role in understanding the maladaptive behavior of youngsters and bullying. Additionally, adolescents involved in bullying and self-esteem are associated with disruptive violence inside the family context. This study's sample consisted of 286 students, aged between 12 and 17 years, from both sexes. This study intends to explore the association between sibling violence and bullying behavior in peers and the mediator effect of self-esteem. The measures for data collection were a demographic questionnaire, the Social Exclusion and School Violence Questionnaire, The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (Portuguese version for siblings), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The results show a negative effect between negotiation in the sibling relationship (victimization) and social exclusion and verbal aggression related to bullying behavior. Self-esteem represents a total and negative mediator in this connection. Our results also show a variety of indirect outcomes amongst the negotiation dimension, psychological aggression and injury between siblings, and the social exclusion and verbal aggression dimensions (on the aggression and victimization scales). The results will be discussed according to the attachment theory but considering the importance of affective bonds with siblings as a predisposing factor to an adaptive development course.

Vinculação amorosa, conflitos interparentais e sintomatologia psicopatológica: contribuição para os conflitos no namoro em jovens adultos / Romantic attachment, interparental conflicts and psychopathologic symptoms: The contribution for dating conflicts in young adults

Resumo. Objetivo. Analisar em que medida a qualidade da vinculação amorosa, a presença de sintomatologia psicopatológica e os conflitos interparentais predizem os conflitos no namoro em jovens adultos. Método. A amostra foi constituída por 505 indivíduos, 366 (72.5%) do sexo feminino, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 25 anos (M = 20.59; DP = 1.78). Resultados. Os resultados apontam que conflitos interparentais, a sintomatologia psicopatológica e a ambivalência na vinculação amorosa predizem negativamente estratégias de resolução não abusivas no namoro. As estratégias de resolução abusivas e os comportamentos violentos no namoro são preditos positivamente pela sintomatologia psicopatológica, conflitos interparentais e a ambivalência na vinculação amorosa. O sexo feminino associou-se às resoluções não abusivas, enquanto o sexo masculino se associou à resolução de conflitos abusivos e comportamentos violentos.

Abstract. Objective. This study aims to analyze to what extent the quality of the romantic attachment, the presence of psychopathological symptoms, and the inter-parental conflicts predict dating conflicts in young adults. Method. The sample comprised 505 individuals, 366 (72.5%) females, aged between 18 and 25 (M = 20.59; SD = 1.78). Results. The results indicate that interparental conflict, psychopathological symptomatology, and ambivalence in romantic attachment negatively predict non-abusive resolution strategies in dating. Abusive coping strategies and dating violence were positively predicted by psychopathological symptoms, inter-parental conflicts, and dating attachment ambivalence. These were also negatively predicted by interpersonal sensitivity and trust in the romantic attachment. Females were associated with non-abusive conflict resolution strategies, whereas males were associated with abusive conflict resolution strategies and violent behaviors.

Mediators of outcome in adolescent psychotherapy and their implications for theories and mechanisms of change: a systematic review.

Psychotherapeutic treatment of adolescents requires age-specific approaches and thus plausibly also involves different change mechanisms than adult psychotherapy. To guide further research and improve therapeutic outcomes for adolescents, we reviewed all RCTs investigating mechanisms of change in the psychological treatment of adolescents to identify the most promising age-, disorder- or treatment-specific mediators. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews (PRISMA), 106 studies were included that reported 252 statistical mediation tests assessed with 181 different measures. Most often studied and significant mediators were cognitive, followed by family-related, and behavioral variables. Several mediators were identified to be promising for future investigations: changes in negative thoughts, dysfunctional beliefs and metacognitive skills; family functioning and parenting skills; as well as successful engagement in therapy activities and increased impulse control. Symptom change during therapy was least often a mediator for other therapeutic changes. Relational and emotional mediators were largely understudied, whereas peer-influence appeared a promising mediator for intervention outcomes. Adolescence-specific mediators were most commonly investigated. Majority of studied mediators were not disorder-specific. There was a tendency to mainly test change mechanisms of specific theoretical models without considering other possible change theories. Further, virtually no studies fulfilled all criteria for rigorously investigating mediation and only nine were classified with an overall good study quality. While bearing in mind the current limitations in study designs, methodological rigor and reporting, there appears to be substantial evidence for transdiagnostic age-specific change models in the psychological treatment of adolescents. For future research, need for consensus on a core set of transdiagnostic and transtheoretical mediators and measures is highlighted. These should address likely core mechanisms of change, as well as take into account age-relevant developmental challenges and biological markers.

Parental meta-emotion, attachment to parents, and personal agency in adolescents.

Guided by attachment theory, we explored in the present study the links between parental emotion-coaching, attachment to parents, and adolescent's sense of agency. Further, we examined a possible mediating role of adolescent's attachment to parents in the association between parental emotion-coaching and sense of agency. All models control for cumulative psychosocial risk, and adolescents' sex and age, and take into account the reports of both mothers and fathers. The sample included 501 Portuguese families comprising adolescents, their mothers, and their fathers. Adolescents (ages ranged from 15 to 18) reported on their attachment to parents, personal agency, and cumulative psychosocial risk, whereas mothers and fathers independently completed a questionnaire assessing their meta-emotion skills. The results indicate that both mothers' and fathers' emotional-coaching are positively associated with the quality of adolescent's attachment to parents. Nonetheless, parental emotion-coaching are not directly associate with sense of agency. The quality of emotional bond with father is linked to a more positive sense of agency, while relationships characterized by mother's inhibition of adolescent's exploration are associated with less positive perceptions of agency. Parental emotion-coaching seems to be associated with the sense of personal agency through the quality of attachment to parents. These results are discussed according to attachment theory taking into account the parents' importance to adolescents' development. Our findings provide a first attempt to unravel the possible links between parental emotion-coaching, attachment to parents, and sense of agency; nevertheless, they need to expand. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

We stick together! COVID-19 and psychological adjustment in youth residential care.

BACKGROUND: Children and youth residential care institutions were forced to introduce adaptations to their regular functioning in order to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic challenges. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the lockdown on the adolescents' psychological adjustment and whether adolescents' perceived cohesion mitigated the increase of adolescents' psychological adjustment problems. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 243 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years, living in 21 different residential care institutions. RESULTS: The results suggested a moderating role of cohesion on the stability of adolescents' emotional distress across time. Lower levels of cohesion were related with higher emotional distress stability across time. On the contrary, as cohesion increased, the association between adolescents' emotional distress at T0 and T1 decreased. DISCUSSION: Results are discussed considering the mechanisms raised by the institutions to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and minimize the negative effects on the psychological adjustment of adolescents living in residential care.

Patient and Public Involvement in Youth Mental Health Research: Protocol for a Systematic Review of Practices and Impact.

Various health settings have advocated for involving patients and members of the public (PPI) in research as a means to increase quality and relevance of the produced knowledge. However, youth PPI has been an understudied area. This protocol paper describes a new project that aims to summarize what is known about PPI with young people in mental health research. In line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement guidelines we will identify and appraise suitable articles and extract and synthesize relevant information including at least two reviewers at each stage of the process. Results will be presented in two systematic reviews that will describe (a) how youth PPI has been conducted (Review1) and (b) what impact youth PPI had on the subsequent research and on stakeholders (Review2). To our knowledge, this is the first set of reviews that uses a critical appraisal tool, which is co-developed with children and young people. Findings from this project will provide valuable insights and set out the key steps to adopting adequate PPI methods when involving children and young people in mental health research.

Mediators and Theories of Change in Psychotherapy for Young People With Personality Disorders: A Systematic Review Protocol.

Background: Personality disorders (PDs) are a severe health issue already prevalent among adolescents and young adults. Early detection and intervention offer the opportunity to reduce disease burden and chronicity of symptoms and to enhance long-term functional outcomes. While psychological treatments for PDs have been shown to be effective for young people, the mediators and specific change mechanisms of treatment are still unclear. Aim: As part of the "European Network of Individualized Psychotherapy Treatment of Young People with Mental Disorders" (TREATme), funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST), we will conduct a systematic review to summarize the existing knowledge on mediators of treatment outcome and theories of change in psychotherapy for young people with personality disorders. In particular, we will evaluate whether mediators appear to be common or specific to particular age groups, treatment models, or outcome domains (e.g., psychosocial functioning, life quality, and adverse treatment effects). Method: We will follow the reporting guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement recommendations. Electronic databases (PubMed and PsycINFO) have been systematically searched for prospective, longitudinal, and case-control designs of psychological treatment studies, which examine mediators published in English. Participants will be young people between 10 and 30years of age who suffer from subclinical personality symptoms or have a personality disorder diagnosis and receive an intervention that aims at preventing, ameliorating, and/or treating psychological problems. Results: The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and at conference presentations and will be shared with relevant stakeholder groups. The data set will be made available to other research groups following recommendations of the open science initiative. Databases with the systematic search will be made openly available following open science initiatives. The review has been registered in PROSPERO (evaluation is pending, registration number ID 248959). Implications: This review will deliver a comprehensive overview on the empirical basis to contribute to the further development of psychological treatments for young people with personality disorders.

Mediators in Psychological Treatments for Anxiety and Depression in Adolescents and Young People: A Protocol of a Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: Anxiety and depressive disorders are a significant problem that starts in childhood or adolescence and should be addressed early to avoid chronic mental conditions. There is strong evidence to demonstrate that psychological treatments are effective for these disorders, however, little is known on mediators and mechanisms of change of psychological treatment in adolescents and young adults. Understanding the pathways through which psychological treatments operate will facilitate more effective treatments. AIM: We aim to conduct a systematic review, exploring the available evidence on mediators of psychological treatments for anxiety and depression in adolescents and young adults. METHODS: A systematic search has been performed on PubMed and PsycINFO databases to identify studies from inception to 23rd February 2020. Eligible studies include randomized controlled trials and trials (quasi-experimental) designs that have enrolled adolescents and young adults presenting with depression and/or anxiety and that have examined mediators of psychological treatments. A group of 20 reviewers from the COST-Action TREATme (CA16102) divided into 10 pairs independently screen studies for inclusion, extract information from the included studies, and assess the methodological quality of the included studies and the requirements for mediators. The methodological quality will be assessed by The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Extracted data from the included studies will be collected and presented using a narrative approach. DISCUSSION: This systematic review will summarize and provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on mediators of psychological treatments for anxiety and depression for adolescents and young adults. Results will allow the identification of strategies to optimize intervention to enhance clinical outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval is not required. Findings from this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated at conferences and meetings. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021234641.

Mediators and theories of change in psychotherapy with adolescents: a systematic review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Approximately 75% of mental disorders emerge before the age of 25 years but less than half receive appropriate treatment. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic change of adolescents in psychotherapy. The 'European Network of Individualised Psychotherapy Treatment of Young People with Mental Disorders', funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology, will conduct the first systematic review to summarise the existing knowledge on mediators and theories of change in psychotherapy for adolescents. METHOD: A systematic review will be conducted, conforming to the reporting guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement recommendations. Electronic databases (PubMed and PsycINFO) have been systematically searched on 23 February 2020, for prospective, longitudinal and case-control designs which examine mediators of change. Participants will be adolescents between 10 and 19 years of age who suffer from a mental disorder or psychological difficulties and receive an intervention that aims at preventing, ameliorating and/or treating psychological problems. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is not required for this systematic review as no primary data will be collected. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journals and at conference presentations and will be shared with stakeholder groups. The whole data set will be offered to other research groups following recommendations of the open science initiative. Databases with the systematic search will be made openly available following open science initiatives. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020177535.

Theories of Change and Mediators of Psychotherapy Effectiveness in Adolescents With Externalising Behaviours: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Externalising behaviours are becoming a remarkably prevalent problem during adolescence, often precipitating both externalising and internalising disorders in later adulthood. Psychological treatments aim to increase the social functioning of adolescents in order for them to live a more balanced life and prevent these negative trajectories. However, little is known of the intervening variables and mediators involved in these treatments' change mechanisms. We conducted a systematic review, exploring the available evidence on mediators of psychological treatments for externalising behaviours and symptoms amongst adolescents (10 to 19 years old). METHODS: A systematic search was performed on Medline and PsycINFO databases, which identified studies from inception to February 23, 2020. Eligible studies included randomised controlled trials that enrolled adolescents with externalising symptoms and behaviours as, at least, one of the primary outcomes. A group of 20 reviewers from the COST-Action TREATme (CA16102) were divided into 10 pairs. Each pair independently screened studies for inclusion, extracted information from the included studies, and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies and the requirements for mediators, following Kazdin's criteria. Risk of bias of RCTs was assessed by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Extracted data from the included studies were reported using a narrative synthesis. RESULTS: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA), after removing duplicates, 3,660 articles were screened. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. In a second stage, 965 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. A total of 14 studies fulfilled all inclusion criteria. The majority were related to systemic psychological treatment approaches. Two types of mediators were identified as potentially being involved in the mechanisms of change for better social improvements of adolescents: to increase healthier parent-adolescent relationships and parental discipline. However, there were significant and non-significant results amongst the same mediators, which led to discussing the results tentatively. CONCLUSIONS: Family variables were found to be the largest group of investigated mediators, followed by relational, behavioural, and emotional variables. No cognitive or treatment-specific mediators were identified. Both adequate behavioural control of adolescents' peer behaviour and a better positive balance in their relationships with their parents seemed to buffer the effects of externalising behaviours in adolescents. Several methodological limitations concerning mediation testing design, outcome measures, and mediator selection have been identified. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval was not required. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021231835.

Validation of a Portuguese Version of the Aspiration Index for Adolescents (AI).

Intrinsic and extrinsic types of motivation have been widely studied, and their importance on both developmental and educational practices has led to the development of assessment tools. The Aspiration Index scale (AI; Grouzet et al., 2005), which was developed to measure people`s life aspirations, was translated and validated into Portuguese. A sample of 1,359 adolescents, age ranged from 12 to 18 years-old, participated in the present study. Results showed that a factor structure with the eleven subscales of the AI does not fit the data. However we gathered support for a three-factor structure that organized the items in terms of whether aspirations are intrinsically, extrinsically or self-transcendent oriented. Internal consistency and temporal stability yielded good results. The predictive and criterion validities were demonstrated by significant associations with theoretically supported measures of satisfaction with life and father and mother attachment. The multi-group confirmatory factor analysis showed that this structure was invariant across gender. These results suggest that the AI is a reliable measure to assess different types of life aspirations and can be used in future research with adolescents in Portugal.

Engaging Children and Young People in Digital Mental Health Interventions: Systematic Review of Modes of Delivery, Facilitators, and Barriers.

BACKGROUND: There is a high prevalence of children and young people (CYP) experiencing mental health (MH) problems. Owing to accessibility, affordability, and scalability, an increasing number of digital health interventions (DHIs) have been developed and incorporated into MH treatment. Studies have shown the potential of DHIs to improve MH outcomes. However, the modes of delivery used to engage CYP in digital MH interventions may differ, with implications for the extent to which findings pertain to the level of engagement with the DHI. Knowledge of the various modalities could aid in the development of interventions that are acceptable and feasible. OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to (1) identify modes of delivery used in CYP digital MH interventions, (2) explore influencing factors to usage and implementation, and (3) investigate ways in which the interventions have been evaluated and whether CYP engage in DHIs. METHODS: A literature search was performed in the Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), and PsycINFO databases using 3 key concepts "child and adolescent mental health," "digital intervention," and "engagement." Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed using rigorous inclusion criteria and screening by at least two reviewers. The selected articles were assessed for quality using the mixed methods appraisal tool, and data were extracted to address the review aims. Data aggregation and synthesis were conducted and presented as descriptive numerical summaries and a narrative synthesis, respectively. RESULTS: This study identified 6 modes of delivery from 83 articles and 71 interventions for engaging CYP: (1) websites, (2) games and computer-assisted programs, (3) apps, (4) robots and digital devices, (5) virtual reality, and (6) mobile text messaging. Overall, 2 themes emerged highlighting intervention-specific and person-specific barriers and facilitators to CYP's engagement. These themes encompassed factors such as suitability, usability, and acceptability of the DHIs and motivation, capability, and opportunity for the CYP using DHIs. The literature highlighted that CYP prefer DHIs with features such as videos, limited text, ability to personalize, ability to connect with others, and options to receive text message reminders. The findings of this review suggest a high average retention rate of 79% in studies involving various DHIs. CONCLUSIONS: The development of DHIs is increasing and may be of interest to CYP, particularly in the area of MH treatment. With continuous technological advancements, it is important to know which modalities may increase engagement and help CYP who are facing MH problems. This review identified the existing modalities and highlighted the influencing factors from the perspective of CYP. This knowledge provides information that can be used to design and evaluate new interventions and offers important theoretical insights into how and why CYP engage in DHIs.

Efeito do Suporte Social e Personalidade no Bem-Estar Psicológico em Adolescentes de Diferentes Contextos Relacionais / Effect of Social Support and Personality on Psychological Well-Being in Adolescents from Different Relational Contexts

RESUMO O suporte social e as características da personalidade são evidenciados na literatura como fatores relevantes na promoção do bem-estar psicológico de jovens. Pretendeu-se analisar o efeito preditor do suporte social e da personalidade no bem-estar psicológico, testando ainda o efeito moderador dos contextos relacionais na associação anterior. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal de cariz exploratório. A amostra foi constituída por 350 jovens adolescentes portugueses de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 13 e 18 anos, provenientes de famílias tradicionais (seio familiar apenas com pais e filhos) e em acolhimento residencial. Os resultados sugeriram uma predição do bem-estar psicológico através das dimensões do suporte social e da personalidade. Verificou-se o papel moderador do contexto relacional e foi discutido o papel das ligações afetivas desenvolvidas enquanto fator promotor de bem-estar nos jovens.

ABSTRACT Social support and personality characteristics are highlighted in the literature as relevant factors promoting young psychological well-being. This research aims to analyze the effect of social support and personality on psychological well-being, also testing the moderating effect of relational context on the previous association. It was conducted a cross-sectional and exploratory study. The sample was composed of 350 young Portuguese adolescents of both sexes, aged between 13 and 18 years, from traditional families (family only with parents and child) and residential care. The results suggested there was a prediction of psychological well-being through the dimensions of social support and personality. There was a moderating role of relational context. The results were discussed, highlighting the role of affective bonds developed as well-being promoting factors in young people.

O papel da vinculação aos pais e da regulação emocional no investimento esquemático na aparência em jovens adultos / The Role of Parental Attachment and Emotional Regulation on Schematic Investment in Appearance in Young Adults

Resumo Os vínculos afetivos que se estabelecem na infância podem ter efeitos no desenvolvimento emocional dos jovens. A vinculação segura pode potenciar a capacidade de regulação emocional e proporcionar uma imagem de si mais positiva, gerando comportamentos ajustados de investimento na aparência. A presente investigação objetivou analisar o papel da vinculação aos pais e da regulação emocional no investimento esquemático na aparência. Foram usados instrumentos de autorrelato numa amostra constituída por 948 jovens adultos (18-30 anos) de ambos os sexos. Evidenciou-se o papel significativo que a qualidade de vinculação aos pais e a regulação emocional assumem no desenvolvimento de um investimento ajustado na aparência. Verificou-se ainda o efeito mediador positivo das dificuldades de regulação emocional entre a inibição da exploração e individualidade mãe e a saliência auto-avaliativa.

Abstract. The affective bonds that are established in childhood can have effects on the emotional development of young people. The secure attachment can potentiate the ability of emotional regulation, provide a more positive image of yourself and, therefore, adjusted investment behaviors in appearance. This study aims to analyze the role of parental attachment and the emotional regulation in the schematic investment in appearance. Self-report instruments were used on a sample that consisted of 948 young adults (18 and 30 years) of both genders. The study highlighted the significant role that the quality of parental attachment and emotional regulation take in developing an investment adjusted in appearance. The results showed the positive mediator effect of difficulties in emotional regulation between the inhibition of exploration and individuality mother and the self-evaluative salience.

Vinculação aos pais, adversidade na infância e desenvolvimento de psicopatologia / Attachment to parents, adverse childhood experiences and psychopathology / Vinculación a los padres, adversidad en la infancia y desarrollo de psicopatología

O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo analisar o papel da qualidade da vinculação aos pais na associação entre experiências adversas na infância e sintomatologia psicopatológica em adultos. A amostra foi constituída por 511 indivíduos com idades entre os 25 e os 50 anos de idade (M = 34,69; DP = 7,82). Para a recolha dos dados recorreu-se a questionários de autorrelato. Os resultados sugerem que a qualidade da vinculação aos pais e as experiências adversas na infância são relevantes na predição de sintomatologia psicopatológica (depressão, somatização e ansiedade). Os resultados serão analisados à luz da teoria da vinculação, considerando a importância das experiências adversas na infância na compreensão dos processos psicopatológicos na adultícia

The present study aims to analyze the role of quality of attachment to parents in the association between adverse childhood experiences and the psychopathological symptoms in adulthood. The sample was composed by 511 adults, aged 25 to 50 (M = 34.69; DP = 7.82). For data collection we resorted to the self-report questionnaires. Results suggest that the quality of attachment to parents and adverse childhood experiences are relevant in predicting psychopathological symptoms (depression, somatization and anxiety). The results will be discussed according to attachment theory, considering the importance of adverse childhood experiences in understanding the psychopathological processes in adulthood

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el papel de la calidad del apego a los padres en la relación entre las experiencias infantiles adversas y síntomas psicopatológicos en adultos. La muestra consistió en 511 individuos con edades comprendidas entre 25 y 50 años de edad (M = 34,69; DP = 7,82). Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron cuestionarios de autoinformes. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el papel de la calidad de la vinculación a los padres en la asociación entre experiencias adversas en la infancia y sintomatología psicopatológica en adultos. La muestra fue constituida por 511 individuos con edades entre los 25 y los 50 años de edad (M = 34.69, DP = 7.82). Para la recogida de los datos se recurrió a cuestionarios de autoinformes. Los resultados sugieren que la calidad de la vinculación a los padres y las experiencias adversas en la infancia son relevantes en la predicción de sintomatología psicopatológica (depresión, somatización y ansiedad). Los resultados serán analizados a la luz de la teoría de la vinculación, teniendo en cuenta la importancia de las experiencias adversas en la infancia en la comprensión de los procesos psicopatológicos en la edad adulta

Vinculação aos pais, competências sociais e ideação suicida em adolescentes / Attachment to parents, social skills and suicidal ideation in adolescents / Vinculación a los padres, habilidades sociales e ideación suicida en adolescentes

O presente estudo, de natureza quantitativa, teve como principal objetivo analisar o papel da vinculação aos pais e das competências sociais no desenvolvimento de ideação suicida em adolescentes. A amostra foi constituída por 604 indivíduos, com idades entre os 15 e os 18 anos de idade. Para a recolha dos dados, recorreu-se ao Questionário de Vinculação ao Pai e à Mãe (QVPM), ao Social Skills Questionnaire (SSQ) e ao Questionário de Ideação Suicida (QIS). Os resultados apontam para uma predição negativa da qualidade do laço emocional ao pai e da assertividade face à ideação suicida, assim como para a predição positiva da inibição da exploração da individualidade da mãe face à ideação suicida. Os resultados foram discutidos à luz da teoria da vinculação, assumindo a relevância das figuras de afeto na forma como os jovens desenvolvem competências sociais e estão mais capazes de ultrapassar as dificuldades, prevenindo o desenvolvimento de ideações suicidas

This study, of quantitative nature, had as main objective analyze the role of attachment to parents and social skills in the development of suicidal ideation in adolescents. The sample comprised 604 individuals, aged between 15 and 18 years old. For data collection we resorted to the Questionário de Vinculação ao Pai e à Mãe (QVPM), Social Skills Questionnaire and Questionário de Ideação Suicida. The results suggest a negative prediction of the quality of emotional bond to father and assertiveness in relation to suicidal ideation, as well as for the positive prediction of inhibiting mother's exploration of individuality to suicide ideation. The results were discussed based on attachment theory, assuming the relevance of affection figures in the way how adolescents develop social skills, and are more able of overcome the difficulties, preventing suicidal ideation

Este estudio, de naturaleza cuantitativa, tuvo como principal objetivo analizar el papel de la vinculación a los padres y de las habilidades sociales en el desarrollo de ideación suicida en los adolescentes. La muestra se constituyó con 604 individuos, con edades comprendidas entre 15 y 18 años de edad. Para la recolección de los datos, se utilizó el Questionário de Vinculação ao Pai e à Mãe (QVPM), el Social Skills Questionnaire (SSQ) y el Questionário de Ideação Suicida (QIS). Los resultados apuntan a una predicción negativa de la calidad del vínculo emocional con su padre y la asertividad en relación a la ideación suicida, así como para la predicción positiva de la inhibición de la exploración de la individualidad de la madre en la ideación suicida. Los resultados fueron discutidos a luz de la teoría de la vinculación, asumiendo la relevancia de los cuidadores en la forma cómo los jóvenes desarrollan habilidades sociales y están más capaces de superar las dificultades, evitando el progreso de las ideaciones suicidas

Suporte social e individuação em jovens de diferentes configurações familiares / Social support and young people individuation in different family configurations / El apoyo social y la individuación en jóvenes de distintas configuraciones familiares

O estabelecimento de laços com a família, amigos ou mesmo professores é crucial para o desenvolvimento dos adolescentes e jovens adultos. Uma individuação bem-sucedida na adolescência implica qualidade de relação. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar as diferenças na percepção do suporte social e processo de individuação em função da configuração familiar, bem como analisar o poder preditor da configuração familiar, do gênero, da idade e da percepção do suporte social dos jovens no processo de individuação. A amostra foi constituída por 827 jovens a frequentarem o ensino secundário e universitário, com idades entre os 13 e os 25 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada no Norte de Portugal, mediante questionários de auto-relato: Social Support Appraisals (SSA) e Munich Individuation Test of Adolescence (MITA). Os resultados mostraram que jovens de famílias intactas apresentavam uma individuação mais bem-sucedida comparativamente com jovens de famílias divorciadas, e ainda evidenciaram o poder preditor da percepção do suporte da família no desenvolvimento da individuação. Neste sentido, verificou-se a importância da configuração e do suporte familiar para uma individuação bem-sucedida.

The establishment of bonds with family, friends or teachers is crucial to the development of adolescents and young adults. A successful individuation in adolescence involves the quality of relationships. This study aims to analyze the differences in the perception of social support and individuation process according to the family setting and to analyze the predictive power of family structure, gender, age and perceived social support of young people in the process of individuation. The sample consisted of 827 young people to attend secondary school and university, aged between 13 and 25 years. The data collection was carried in northern Portugal, through self-report questionnaires: Social Support Appraisals (SSA) and Munich Individuation Test of Adolescence (MITA). The results showed that young peole of intact families had a more successful individuation compared to young people from divorced families, and showed the predictive power of family support perception in the development of individuation. In this sense, this study showed the importance of setting and family support to a successful individuation.

El establecimiento de vínculos con la familia, amigos o profesores es crucial para el desarrollo de los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. El éxito del proceso de individuación en la adolescencia implica calidad en las relaciones. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las diferencias en la percepción de apoyo social y el proceso de individuación de acuerdo con el entorno familiar y analizar la capacidad de predicción de la estructura familiar, el género, la edad y el apoyo social percibido de los jóvenes en el proceso de individuación. La muestra consistió en 827 jóvenes que asisten a la escuela secundaria y la universidad, con edades comprendidas entre 13 y 25 años. La recolección de datos se realizó en el norte de Portugal, a través de cuestionarios de autoinforme: Social Support Appraisals (SSA) e Munich Individuation Test of Adolescence (MITA). Los resultados mostraron que los jóvenes de familias intactas tenían una mejor individuación en comparación con los jóvenes de familias divorciadas, y mostraron el poder predictivo de la percepción de apoyo familiar en el desarrollo de la individuación. En este sentido, este estudio demostró la importancia del entorno y del apoyo familiar en el éxito del proceso de individuación de los jóvenes.

Suporte social e individuação em jovens de diferentes configurações familiares / Social support and young people individuation in different family configurations / El apoyo social y la individuación en jóvenes de distintas configuraciones familiares

O estabelecimento de laços com a família, amigos ou mesmo professores é crucial para o desenvolvimento dos adolescentes e jovens adultos. Uma individuação bem-sucedida na adolescência implica qualidade de relação. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar as diferenças na percepção do suporte social e processo de individuação em função da configuração familiar, bem como analisar o poder preditor da configuração familiar, do gênero, da idade e da percepção do suporte social dos jovens no processo de individuação. A amostra foi constituída por 827 jovens a frequentarem o ensino secundário e universitário, com idades entre os 13 e os 25 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada no Norte de Portugal, mediante questionários de auto-relato: Social Support Appraisals (SSA) e Munich Individuation Test of Adolescence (MITA). Os resultados mostraram que jovens de famílias intactas apresentavam uma individuação mais bem-sucedida comparativamente com jovens de famílias divorciadas, e ainda evidenciaram o poder preditor da percepção do suporte da família no desenvolvimento da individuação. Neste sentido, verificou-se a importância da configuração e do suporte familiar para uma individuação bem-sucedida.(AU)

The establishment of bonds with family, friends or teachers is crucial to the development of adolescents and young adults. A successful individuation in adolescence involves the quality of relationships. This study aims to analyze the differences in the perception of social support and individuation process according to the family setting and to analyze the predictive power of family structure, gender, age and perceived social support of young people in the process of individuation. The sample consisted of 827 young people to attend secondary school and university, aged between 13 and 25 years. The data collection was carried in northern Portugal, through self-report questionnaires: Social Support Appraisals (SSA) and Munich Individuation Test of Adolescence (MITA). The results showed that young peole of intact families had a more successful individuation compared to young people from divorced families, and showed the predictive power of family support perception in the development of individuation. In this sense, this study showed the importance of setting and family support to a successful individuation.(AU)

El establecimiento de vínculos con la familia, amigos o profesores es crucial para el desarrollo de los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. El éxito del proceso de individuación en la adolescencia implica calidad en las relaciones. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las diferencias en la percepción de apoyo social y el proceso de individuación de acuerdo con el entorno familiar y analizar la capacidad de predicción de la estructura familiar, el género, la edad y el apoyo social percibido de los jóvenes en el proceso de individuación. La muestra consistió en 827 jóvenes que asisten a la escuela secundaria y la universidad, con edades comprendidas entre 13 y 25 años. La recolección de datos se realizó en el norte de Portugal, a través de cuestionarios de autoinforme: Social Support Appraisals (SSA) e Munich Individuation Test of Adolescence (MITA). Los resultados mostraron que los jóvenes de familias intactas tenían una mejor individuación en comparación con los jóvenes de familias divorciadas, y mostraron el poder predictivo de la percepción de apoyo familiar en el desarrollo de la individuación. En este sentido, este estudio demostró la importancia del entorno y del apoyo familiar en el éxito del proceso de individuación de los jóvenes.(AU)