RESUMO
Rapid assembly of quinoxalines in a single step from readily available precursors has been recognized as an ideal platform in terms of efficiency and operation. Herein, we report a BPO-promoted metal-free approach to 2-acyl quinoxalines from enaminones and o-phenylenediamines via cascade transamination and C-H amination. This methodology demonstrates excellent compatibility with various substrates, including o-hydroxy enaminones, drug derivatives and natural products under mild reaction conditions.
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Seeking an effective and safe scheme is the common goal of clinical treatment of tumor patients. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has attracted more and more attention in order to discover new drugs with good anti-tumor effects. Oroxylin A (OA) is a compound found in natural Oroxylum indicum and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi plants and has been used in the treatment of various cancers. Studies have shown that OA has a wide range of powerful biological activities and plays an important role in neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, anti-virus, anti-allergy, anti-tumor and so on. OA shows high efficacy in tumor treatment. Therefore, it has attracted great attention of researchers all over the world. This review aims to discuss the anti-tumor effects of OA from the aspects of cell cycle arrest, induction of cell proliferation and apoptosis, induction of autophagy, anti-inflammation, inhibition of glycolysis, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis and reversal of drug resistance. In addition, the safety and toxicity of the compound were also discussed. As a next step, to clarify the benefits and adverse effects of Oroxylin A in cancer patients further experiments, especially clinical trials, are needed.
Assuntos
Flavonoides , Neoplasias , Humanos , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Flavonoides/uso terapêutico , Apoptose , Proliferação de Células , Autofagia , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical outcome of 1470 nm diode laser enucleation of the prostate (DiLEP) vs. bipolar transurethral enucleation of prostate (TUEP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: One hundred and fifty-seven patients were retrospectively involved in this study. Eighty-two patients underwent DiLEP while 75 underwent bipolar TUEP. Seventy-three patients in DiLEP and sixty-nine in bipolar TUEP completed the 3-year follow-up, respectively. The baseline properties, perioperative data, and postsurgical outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between DiLEP and bipolar TUEP in preoperative parameters. Significantly shorter operating time was noted in DiLEP group (p = 0.000). No patient suffered dangerous complications, and none in either group required a blood transfusion. No statistically significant differences were found between DiLEP and bipolar TUEP in the decrease in hemoglobin or sodium. During the 3-year postoperative follow-up, ongoing and significant improvements were found in both groups without any difference. CONCLUSIONS: Both DiLEP and bipolar TUEP can improve low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to BPH in a comparable way with high efficacy. Compared with bipolar TUEP, DiLEP with a morcellator required a shorter operative time.
Assuntos
Terapia a Laser , Hiperplasia Prostática , Ressecção Transuretral da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Próstata , Hiperplasia Prostática/cirurgia , Hiperplasia Prostática/complicações , Seguimentos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Lasers Semicondutores/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
Objective: The purpose of the current study was to assess the effectiveness of semirigid ureterorenoscopy (URS) as first-line therapy for early childhood patients with <20 mm stones in the pelvic, middle, or upper calices. Methods: In all, 61 pediatric kidney stone patients who had flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019, were included in this study. Before fURS, semirigid URS employed the UreTron or holmium: YAG (Ho : YAG) laser was conducted. When semirigid URS was unsuccessful, fURS was used for retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). All participants were monitored clinically for a minimum of three months after each procedure. Results: The patient's mean age was 4.52 ± 1.53 years, and 52 (83.61%) participants underwent semirigid URS successfully. Mean procedural duration of semirigid URS was 36.49 ± 7.72 min. The stone-free rate after semirigid URS was 92.16% (47/51). During the postprocedural medical observation, there were no serious adverse effects. Conclusions: Based on the present study's findings, semirigid URS is a low-risk, effective therapy for kidney stones in selected pediatric patients.
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Adenocarcinoma of prostate with mucinous differentiation arising in the male urethra is extremely rare, with only 21 cases reported in the previous literature. A diagnosis of mucin-producing urothelial carcinoma of the prostate is based on the pathology, immunohistochemistry, and clinical examination by excluding the secondary adenocarcinoma of the prostate. We present a case of unexpected mucinous urothelial carcinoma of prostate with co-existing inverted papilloma of bladder in a 57-year-old man. The patient underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and transurethral resection of a bladder tumour (TUR-Bt), and the pathologic result showed mucinous prostate carcinoma and bladder inverted papilloma. Immunohistological stain was negative for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP), and P63, but positive for cytokeratin 7 (CK 7), CK 20, clone 34ßE12 and P504S. A complete endoscopic examination was performed to exclude the secondary adenocarcinoma of prostate. This case illustrates the clinical and pathological features of a rare and unexpected mucin-producing urothelial carcinoma of prostate in a bladder neoplasm patient.
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To evaluate the safety and efficacy of plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate (PKEP) for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) compared with 160-W lithium triboride laser photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP). From February 2011 to July 2012, a prospective nonrandomized study was performed. One-hundred one patients underwent PKEP, and 110 underwent PVP. No severe intraoperative complications were recorded, and none of the patients in either group required a blood transfusion. Shorter catheterization time (38.14 ± 23.64 h vs 72.54 ± 28.38 h, P< 0.001) and hospitalization (2.32 ± 1.25 days vs 4.07 ± 1.23 days, P< 0.001) were recorded in the PVP group. At 12-month postoperatively, the PKEP group had a maintained and statistically improvement in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) (4.07 ± 2.07 vs 5.00 ± 2.10; P< 0.001), quality of life (QoL) (1.08 ± 0.72 vs 1.35 ± 0.72; P= 0.007), maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax) (24.75 ± 5.87 ml s-1 vs 22.03 ± 5.04 ml s-1 ; P< 0.001), postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) (14.29 ± 6.97 ml vs 17.00 ± 6.11 ml; P= 0.001), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value (0.78 ± 0.57 ng ml-1 vs 1.27 ± 1.07 ng ml-1 ; P< 0.001). Both PKEP and PVP relieve low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to BPH with low complication rates. PKEP can completely remove prostatic adenoma while the total amount of tissue removed by PVP is less than that can be removed by PKEP. Based on our study of the follow-up, PKEP provides better postoperative outcomes than PVP.
Assuntos
Eletrocirurgia/métodos , Terapia a Laser/métodos , Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior/cirurgia , Hiperplasia Prostática/cirurgia , Ressecção Transuretral da Próstata/métodos , Idoso , Humanos , Calicreínas/sangue , Tempo de Internação , Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangue , Hiperplasia Prostática/sangue , Hiperplasia Prostática/complicações , Qualidade de Vida , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Terapia a Laser/métodos , Hiperplasia Prostática/cirurgia , Hiperplasia Prostática/terapia , Ressecção Transuretral da Próstata/métodos , Adulto , Raquianestesia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Terapia a Laser/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Duração da Cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Obstrução do Colo da Bexiga Urinária/etiologia , UrodinâmicaRESUMO
The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence and clinical features of acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to ureteral calculi. Between February 2002 and December 2009, the prevalence of AKI was 0.72% in our series of 2,073 cases of ureteral stones. The AKI patients received ureteroscopy or percutaneous nephrostomy as the primary treatment. The most popular symptom was significant decrease in urine output (75%, 12/16). Five cases (33.3%) were caused by bilateral ureteral stones, and 76.19% of the stones were located in the upper ureter, the mean size of single stone was 1.35 ± 0.38 cm. The serum creatinine before treatment was 514.34 ± 267.04 µmol/L and the blood urea nitrogen before treatment was 21.31 ± 10.24 mmol/L. 46.67% of the patients had a functional or anatomical solitary kidney unit. Our study suggests that risk factors for developing AKI in ureteral stone patients are bigger sized stones, ureteral stones in patients with only one functioning kidney or pre-existing kidney disease, and bilateral ureteral stones. Early effective drainage in these cases could decrease the risk developing AKI secondary to ureteral calculi.