Electrophysiological alterations during action semantic processing in Parkinson's disease.

Assessments of action semantics consistently reveal markers of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, neurophysiological signatures of the domain remain under-examined in this population, especially under conditions that allow patients to process stimuli without stringent time constraints. Here we assessed event-related potentials and time-frequency modulations in healthy individuals (HPs) and PD patients during a delayed-response semantic judgment task involving related and unrelated action-picture pairs. Both groups had shorter response times for related than for unrelated trials, but they exhibited discrepant electrophysiological patterns. HPs presented significantly greater N400 amplitudes as well as theta enhancement and mu desynchronization for unrelated relative to related trials. Conversely, N400 and theta modulations were abolished in the patients, who further exhibited a contralateralized cluster in the mu range. None of these patterns were associated with the participants' cognitive status. Our results suggest that PD involves multidimensional neurophysiological disruptions during action-concept processing, even under task conditions that elicit canonical behavioral effects. New constraints thus emerge for translational neurocognitive models of the disease.

Dinámica poblacional de la palma Euterpe oleracea (Arecaceae) en bosques inundables del Chocó, Pacífico colombiano

Population dynamics of the palm Euterpe oleracea (Arecaceae) from flooded forests in Choco, Colombian Pacific. The palm Euterpe oleracea is a dominant and promising species in flood plains of the Atrato river, Choco region of Colombia. We assessed the population dynamics of this species through growth rates, mortality and recruitment patterns for a period of two and a half years. Dynamic rates were compared among mixed and pure flood plain palm forests. These forests types were associated to different flooding regimes. Trees and palms were thinned in a portion for each forest type, the rest was left undisturbed. We used projection matrices to follow population trends. Thinning increased the transition probability of smaller individuals, but decreased it for larger individuals, as is typical of light demanding species. Thinning also increased mortality rates in almost all size classes, but did not affect recruitment rates. Under natural conditions, the E. oleracea populations are in equilibrium in pure and mixed forests. Thinning increased population growth in both forest types, suggesting the role played by density-dependent processes on the population size of this species. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (1): 465-481. Epub 2010 March 01.

La palma Euterpe oleracea es una especie dominante y promisoria en el plano inundable del río Atrato, región del Chocó, Colombia. Nosotros evaluamos la dinámica poblacional de esta especie a través de las tasas de crecimiento, la mortalidad y los patrones de reclutamiento para un período de dos años y medio. La dinámica de las tasas fue comparada entre bosques de palma mixto y puro. Estos tipos de vegetación fueron asociados con diferentes regimenes de inundación. Árboles y palmas fueron cortados en una porción de cada tipo de bosque, el resto no fue alterado. Nosotros utilizamos proyecciones matriciales para determinar las tendencias de las poblaciones. Las cortas incrementaron las probabilidades de transición de individuos pequeños pero disminuyeron las de individuos grandes, como es típico de las especies heliófitas. Las cortas también incrementaron las tasas de mortalidad en casi todas las categorías de tamaño pero no afectaron las tasas de reclutamiento. Bajo condiciones naturales, las poblaciones de E. oleracea están en equilibrio en los bosques puro y mixto. Las cortas aumentaron el crecimiento poblacional en ambos tipos de bosque, lo que sugiere el rol desempeñado por procesos denso-dependientes sobre el tamaño poblacional de esta especie.