RESUMO
En este trabajo se sistematizan algunos resultados alcanzados en la aplicación de la radiocronología de sedimentos marinos para la reconstrucción de bases de datos y el conocimiento de la evolución de la contaminación ambiental en cuatro ecosistemas costeros de relevancia nacional: las bahías de Cienfuegos y la Habana, así como los estuarios de los ríos Sagua y La Coloma en el Golfo de Batabanó. Se seleccionaron flujos de metales pesados y compuestos orgánicos persistentes que fueron discutidos para estos ecosistemas. Se mostró la eficacia de la radiocronología como herramienta para la gestión ambiental y el conocimiento de los procesos temporales de contaminación en el medio acuático
The results achieved in the implementation of the radiochronology of marine sediments for the reconstruction of databases and knowledge of the evolution of environmental pollution in four coastal ecosystems of national significance are presented in this paper Fluxes of selected heavy metals and persistent organic compounds are discussed for the Cienfuegos and Havana bays and Sagua and La Coloma estuaries. Finally, is showed the effectiveness of radiochronology of sediments as a useful tool for environmental management and knowledge of temporal processes of pollution in the aquatic environment
RESUMO
Is it possible to derive accurately Total Suspended Matter concentration or its proxy, turbidity, from remote sensing data in tropical coastal lagoon waters? To investigate this question, hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance, turbidity and chlorophyll pigment concentration were measured in three coral reef lagoons. The three sites enabled us to get data over very diverse environments: oligotrophic and sediment-poor waters in the southwest lagoon of New Caledonia, eutrophic waters in the Cienfuegos Bay (Cuba), and sediment-rich waters in the Laucala Bay (Fiji). In this paper, optical algorithms for turbidity are presented per site based on 113 stations in New Caledonia, 24 stations in Cuba and 56 stations in Fiji. Empirical algorithms are tested at satellite wavebands useful to coastal applications. Global algorithms are also derived for the merged data set (193 stations). The performances of global and local regression algorithms are compared. The best one-band algorithms on all the measurements are obtained at 681 nm using either a polynomial or a power model. The best two-band algorithms are obtained with R412/R620, R443/R670 and R510/R681. Two three-band algorithms based on Rrs620.Rrs681/Rrs412 and Rrs620.Rrs681/Rrs510 also give fair regression statistics. Finally, we propose a global algorithm based on one or three bands: turbidity is first calculated from Rrs681 and then, if < 1 FTU, it is recalculated using an algorithm based on Rrs620.Rrs681/Rrs412. On our data set, this algorithm is suitable for the 0.2-25 FTU turbidity range and for the three sites sampled (mean bias: 3.6 %, rms: 35%, mean quadratic error: 1.4 FTU). This shows that defining global empirical turbidity algorithms in tropical coastal waters is at reach.
RESUMO
Arsenic is a widely distributed element in the marine environment. Inorganic and organic compounds have extremely different toxicological effects, and their characterization is thus of great utility when monitoring and assessing the impact of arsenic pollution. In this study both the levels of total arsenic and its chemical speciation were analyzed in several marine organisms collected from Cienfuegos Bay (Cuba) following an episode of acute As-contamination. Fish from the more impacted site were characterized by elevated concentrations of arsenic (up to 500 microg/g d.w.) and inorganic species represented the predominant forms in muscle tissues of these organisms.